Science and Technology Policy Commons^™

Analysing The Us—China “Ai Cold War” Narrative, Yujia He, Richard Heeks

Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce Faculty Publications

Discussions about artificial intelligence (AI) are gaining prominence in the recent revival of “cold war” narratives comparing US-China relations today to the historical rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union. Drawing on a review of existing academic and policy literature engaging with the “AI cold war” narrative, this paper examines how the narrative is justified, and numerous ways that it can be challenged. It finds that the framing is largely driven by the securitisation of AI, as state actors and policy pundits view AI innovations’ dual-use capabilities as key to national security and ideological competition. However, critics posit that …

The Media Framing Of India’S Nuclear Weapons Discourse, Sitakanta Mishra, Hely Desai

International Journal of Nuclear Security

The Indian media has had an immense role in framing public perceptions of nuclear weapons within the Indian subcontinent. Examining the largely nationalistic tone of news coverage helps analyze how the media has shaped India’s idea of its status as a nuclear weapon state. Examining the sociocultural discourse around the bomb, this paper analyzes the major influence that the Indian media has in information distribution and how that influence translates to the formation of the atomic attitudes of the masses. In situating the Indian media’s approach to nuclear weapons at large, this work studied the framing of domestic nuclear weapons …

Forecasting Innovation Pathways In National Defense-Related Science And Technology Based On Foundation Model, Yuzhu Duan, Qiang Fu, Yuqiong Li

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance]The innovation of national defense-related science and technology promoting the development of new-quality fighting capacity has become a national strategic demand, effectively forecasting innovation pathways in national defense-related science and technology is of great significance to improve the innovation capability of national defense-related science and technology and create the Chinese new quality fighting capacity. [Method/process] In view of characteristics of the innovation of national defense-related science and technology, i.e. mutability, uncertainty and high risk, this thesis constructs a logical framework of forecasting innovation pathway in national defense-related science and technology based on the theoretical analysis of the core elements of …

A Geopolitical Economy Analysis Of China And India’S Approaches To Transnational Data Governance, Yujia He, Ka Zeng

Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce Faculty Publications

Recent literature on the behavior of rising powers in digital trade and data governance highlights their discourses of data sovereignty and desire to preserve domestic policy autonomy. This article contributes to the literature by employing a political economy lens that shifts the focus from the nation-state/inter-state framework towards the dynamics of state–capital relations, allowing for a more historical and contextual understanding of the geopolitics of data governance in emerging economies. Using China and India—two of the largest emerging economies—as comparative cases, and drawing on secondary data from government documents and other sources, the article argues that the interplay between the …

Digital Transformation Of The Maritime Labour Law : Srems Complaints & Claims Legal, Digital Solution, Case Study Of Morocco, Rida El Missaoui

World Maritime University Dissertations

This Master’s dissertation investigates the strong need to reform and digitalize the mechanisms of monitoring and follow-up of the on-board compliance on seafarer’s rights and obligations through a legal-digital tool.

Rural Families' At-Home Stem Tinkering Stimulates Creativity, Self-Expression, And Social-Emotional Engagement, Kristie S. Gutierrez, Kylie J. Swanson, Margaret R. Blanchard

Teaching & Learning Faculty Publications

Introduction: Informal STEM learning experiences include visits to museums, zoos, and aquariums as well as experiments and other activities performed at home. Family involvement in these experiences has been linked to increased student interest and participation in STEM fields; yet, scant research has been conducted on at-home STEM.

Methods: This descriptive case study investigated the tinkering experiences of nine rural middle school students and their families who participated in a series of interactive, at-home activities. The overarching research question was, in what ways do families engage in at-home STEM interventions? Data analyses of at-home audio recordings were guided by the …

Position: Benchmarking Is Broken - Don't Let Ai Be Its Own Judge, Zerui Cheng, Stella Wohnig, Ruchika Gupta, Samiul Alam, Tassallah Abdullahi, João Alves Ribeiro, Christian Nielsen-Garcia, Saif Mir, Siran Li, Jason Orender, Seyed Ali Bahrainian, Daniel Kirste, Aaron Gokaslan, Carsten Eickhoff, Pramod Viswanath, Ruben Wolff

Computer Science Faculty Publications

The meteoric rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), with its rapidly expanding market capitalization, presents both transformative opportunities and critical challenges. Chief among these is the urgent need for a new, unified paradigm for trustworthy evaluation, as current benchmarks increasingly reveal critical vulnerabilities. Issues like data contamination and selective reporting by model developers fuel hype, while inadequate data quality control can lead to biased evaluations that, even if unintentionally, may favor specific approaches. As a flood of participants enters the AI space, this "Wild West" of assessment makes distinguishing genuine progress from exaggerated claims exceptionally difficult. Such ambiguity blurs scientific signals …

Volume 7 (2024) Artificial Intelligence And Responsibility, Arwa Alnajashi, Danielle Derise, Philip L. Frana, David Mcgraw, Amanda Sawyer, Tatjana Titareva, Raafat Zaini, Allie Zombron

International Journal on Responsibility

The seventh volume of the International Journal on Responsibility (IJR) arrives at a crucial moment in the evolution of artificial intelligence and its integration into our academic and social fabric. As we witness the rapid advancement and deployment of AI systems across various domains, this special issue examines the multifaceted dimensions of responsibility surrounding AI technology, with a particular focus on its role in higher education and broader societal implications.

The articles in this volume contribute to our understanding of responsibility through diverse lenses, from classroom implementation to ethical design considerations. Together, they fulfill IJR’s central mission of exploring “Who …

Develop New Quality Science-Communicative Forces To Support New Quality Productive Forces, Jiarui Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The importance of science communication has been elevated to an unprecedented height in China, as an important part of the national innovation system, and as important as scientific and technological innovation. Scientific and technological innovation is the core driving force for the development of new quality productive forces, and it is obvious that science communication plays an equally important role in promoting the development of new quality productive forces. This kind of role of science communication is named as new quality science-communication forces, which is mainly reflected in four aspects: creating an ecological environment conducive to innovation; advancing cutting-edge new …

On Relationship Between Experiment And Theory In Basic Scientific Research, Changpu Sun

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Understanding how experiments in basic scientific research “confirm” theories is crucial for upholding the spirit of science and fostering technological innovation. Mr. Zhou Guangzhao conducted an in-depth discussion on this topic in his early work. This study further analyzes the issue from the perspective of the philosophy of science. We derive falsificationism from a Bayesian perspective, providing a philosophical understanding of the proper handling of the relationship between scientific theory and experiment. By examining the relationship between theory and experiment in physics, this study proposes a philosophy of science concept of progressive falsifiability, emphasizing that through Bayesian methods, experiments can …

Scientifically Improving Human-Nature Relationship In Desertification Areas, Bojie Fu, Yanxu Liu, Shuai Wang, Junfeng Song, Zejiang Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The expansion trend of desertification in China has been fundamentally restrained. In the new era, scientifically improving the relationship between human and nature in desertification areas to promote regional sustainable development has become an important demand for desertification combat in China. We summarize four key challenges to sustainable development in desertification areas, including increasing human demand on water, increasing land use intensity, increasing climatic risk, and insufficient industrial innovation. Based on the theoretical understanding of the coupling relationship between human and nature, the evolution of human-nature relationship in combating desertification can be divided into four stages, namely, extensive land exploitation, …

Action Logic And Agenda Game Of Global Methane Emission Control And China’S Countermeasures, Bo Zhang, Jinling Guo, Bing Zhong, Junlian Gao, Guosheng Zhang, He Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Originated from the global response to climate change, methane emission control has evolved into a focus of international climate negotiations in recent years. At present, the agenda for controlling methane emission in global climate governance is basically taking shape, but in the process of shifting from scientific consensus to political consensus, the content of the topic and the focus of the game continue to evolve. To carry out global action, it is necessary to address issues such as the allocation of responsibilities, international rules, climate investment and financing, and risk prevention, as well as the basic capacity guarantees behind them. …

Architecture And Key Technologies Of New Research Informatization Infrastructure Platform Under The Fifth Research Paradigm, Fangyu Liao, Yang Wang, Rongqiang Cao, Bo Zhang, Zhenyu Li, Huajin Wang, Xin Chen, Dong Li, Yangang Wang, Xin Wei

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The basic platform of research informatization is an indispensable pedestal for modern scientific research and an important manifestation of national scientific and technological innovation capability. As the research paradigm continues to evolve, the architecture and technologies of research informatization infrastructure platform are bound to evolve as well. The new research paradigm brings unique demands and challenges to the algorithmic computility, network transmission capacity, and data storage and management. Consequently, it is an urgent requirement for research informatization infrastructure platform to make technological breakthroughs in the areas of intelligent computility, large-scale data storage and high throughput read/write, cross-network software and hardware …

Overall Promotion Of Integrated Management And Utilization Of Saline-Alkali Land In Northwest China: Conditions, Challenges, And Recommendations, Qi Feng, Xinwei Yin, Meng Zhu, Jutao Zhang, Wei Liu, Haiyang Xi, Tengfei Yu, Linshan Yang, Wen Liu, Zhixiang Lu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Cultivated land is the lifeblood of grain production and the foundation for food security. Saline-alkali land in Northwest China is an important cultivated land reserve resource and a potential granary for guaranteeing national food security, so the high-quality promotion of comprehensive management and utilization of saline-alkali land in Northwest China is a strategic measure to achieve the goal of “storing grain in land and technology”. Based on a profound understanding of the great significance for promoting the integrated management and utilization of saline-alkali land in Northwest China, this study systematically summarizes the quantity, distribution pattern, and utilization potential of saline-alkali …

China’S Rare Earths Trade Flow Analysis: Trade Patterns And Strategic Insights, Linbin Tang, Peng Wang, Wei Chen, Yawen Han, Yuning Jin, Zilong Peng, Weiqiang Chen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Rare earth elements are strategic critical metals that support low-carbon energy, aerospace, and defense technologies. Currently, China’s rare earth industry lacks competitiveness and faces the risk of “multidimensional pressures” in global competition. Therefore, it is crucial to systematically analyze the supply-demand and trade patterns of rare earths, accurately identify the bottlenecks and pain points in China’s entire rare earth industry chain, and provide strategies to transform China’s rare earth resource advantage into a strategic competitive edge. Based on customs trade data, this study traces the trade flows of various forms of rare earth products across the full industry chain in …

A Study On Common Characteristics And Mechanisms On Growth Of Strategic Scientists From Perspective Of Life Course Theory, Chenghua Lin, Weijia Zhang, Yanyi Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This study was conducted on six renowned strategic scientists in China using the life cycle theory framework. The research explored the key competency characteristics, growth trajectories, and influencing factors in their growth process. The findings revealed that the capabilities of Chinese strategic scientists encompass four dimensions: scientific metacognition, strategic planning, team coordination, and spiritual leadership. These capabilities exhibit staged development characteristics, including phases of enlightenment, wisdom enhancement, and molding. They are influenced by a comprehensive range of factors, including the influence of others, resource conservation, and career construction. To further optimize the environment for cultivating and utilizing strategic scientists in …

Five Key Issues And Governance Strategies In Integration Of China’S National Computing Power, Tao Hong, Le Cheng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Computing power, as a core element of artificial intelligence, has not received sufficient research and attention compared to data and algorithms, and has become the short board of China in international artificial intelligence competition. In fact, the integrated construction of the arithmetic system is not only an inherent requirement for the development of the digital industry, but also a regular guide for the growth of the digital economy, and a core driver for the transformation of the digital society. Although it has always secured endorsement by national policy, the relevant legal norms and actual layout are still insufficient, and the …

How Should China Respond To “Pan-Data Sovereignty” Competition Among China, U.S., And Eu—An Analysis Based On The Digital Stack Model?, Yan Liu, Congjing Ran

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Data sovereignty has become deeply intertwined with various economic and social development factors such as technology, trade, economy, culture, society, and politics, leading to a “Pan-Data Sovereignty” competition pattern in the digital space. Through the digital stack model, which examines digital technologies in a layered framework, we can more clearly assess the competitive capacities in“Pan-Data Sovereignty” of China, United States, and European Union. The analysis identifies a three-tiered global “Pan-Data Sovereignty” competition structure among China, U.S., and EU, with each entity holding distinct advantages across various layers of the digital stack. Intense future competition is anticipated in fields such as …

Research And Reflection On Transformation Of Resource-Based Cities In China—A Case Study Of Datong City, Shanxi Province, Zhijian Xiong, Hong Zhao, Xiuli Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Currently, there are 262 resource-based cities in China, of which mature and declining cities account for 79.39%. These cities have made significant contributions to the country’s economic and social development, but now they are facing severe challenges and difficulties, and their transformation problems urgently need to be solved. This work studies the mechanism of resource-based transformation and proposes strategies for the transformation of resource-based cities: (1) Transformation should be comprehensive, balanced, and sustainable; (2) Transformation should fully leverage the leading role of the market while also taking into account the fundamental role of the government; (3) Transformation should fully leverage …

Twenty Years Of International Society For Digital Earth: Review And Prospect, Huadong Guo, Zhen Liu, Changlin Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE) was inaugurated in 2004. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of its establishment, it is of great significance to review and look forward to the global development of Digital Earth. China has made active efforts and achieved remarkable results in using Digital Earth technology to address global challenges. Initiated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ISDE and its Chinese National Committee (CNISDE) were officially established. ISDE has been playing a crucial role in leading the global development of Digital Earth by organizing international academic conferences, publishing world-class academic publications, and fostering …

Policy Overview (November, 2024)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Vol. 38 (2024) Subject Index

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

A City Feeling Electrified Growing Pains, Noah R. Kolenda

Capstones

The following project is an analysis of public charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in New York City compared to the registered electric vehicles. This project aims to highlight both the slow development of this infrastructure, but also how it's not being built out in an equitable manner. To come to this conclusion, I analyzed the number of chargers available from the state's OpenData portal and compared it to the number of registered electric vehicles that operate in the five counties that make up New York City using a python script. I found a significant imbalance between where the people are …

Uniting Science And Society: The Role Of Leadership Studies, Scientific, And Political Leaders In Combating Science Polarization, Kathryn E. Reda

Interdisciplinary Journal of Leadership Studies

This commentary discusses the recent political polarization of scientific research and how this polarization threatens the neutrality of science in American society. It contends further that leadership studies, along with scientific studies, have become a contentious battleground themselves, particularly on topics like climate change, energy policy, and the COVID-19 pandemic. This is exacerbated by mass media misinformation and declining public trust. Science polarization poses a significant challenge for leadership as it erodes informed decision making, making it crucial for leaders to bridge rather than deepen ideological divides. Leadership studies as a discipline has a responsibility to explore the causes of …

Building On The Past And Forging Ahead: Embarking On A New Journey To Science Frontiers, Jianguo Hou

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Promote Deep Integration Of Real Economy And Digital Economy, Qinmin Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Deep integration of digital technology, industrial development, and data resources empowers development of the digital economy, constantly opens up new tracks, creates new momentum, and establishes new advantages, becoming a new powerful engine for global economic and social development. China attaches great importance to the high-quality development of the digital economy. This study discusses the practical experience of vigorously promoting digital industrialization and industrial digitization, promoting the deep integration of digital technology and the real economy, and accelerating the construction of a network power and digital China. It also proposes countermeasures and suggestions to further promote the efficient empowerment of …

Ethical Risk Of Frontier S&T And Its Governance

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Ethical Risks Of Frontier Science And Technology: An Escalating Threat, Xiao Lu, Huihui Liu, Rui Li, Jiaofeng Pan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Science and technology (S&T) are not only powerful tools for development, but also a source of risk. The new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are accelerating in current times. It deeply influences and fundamentally reshapes human production and life, which can raise a range of known and unknown ethical risks, involving individual rights and interests, social stability, national security, as well as sustainable development of mankind. This study summarizes the characteristics of ethical risks in frontier S&T, including the dependence on related fields, high uncertainty, social reconstruction, and ultimate challenge. Considering the risks in various fields, …

Artificial Intelligence Foundation Model Risk Identification And Governance Model From Esg Perspective, Jincheng Shi, Guoyu Wang, Yingchun Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The application ecology of artificial intelligence foundation model is rapidly expanding. The environment, society, and governance are facing new challenges and opportunities. Exploring the construction of a governance framework for the development risks of foundation model has important theoretical value and practical significance for promoting the healthy and sustainable development of artificial intelligence. Based on the theories of ESG and artificial intelligence governance, this study analyzes the development benefits and typical risks of foundation model from the perspective of ESG and then constructs a risk governance framework and implementation strategies for artificial intelligence foundation models. This study shows that a …

Participatory Ethical Regulations: Risk Challenges Of Artificial Intelligence Era And Construction Of Governance Logic, Chenggang Zhang, Lu Pan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Participatory ethical norms emphasize the involvement of diverse stakeholders, aiming to construct a more comprehensive and balanced ethical governance framework. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is leading society through unprecedented transformations, significantly impacting ethical perspectives, social governance models, and the symbiotic relationship between humans and technology. The participatory ethical norms, characterized by multi-stakeholder participation, interactivity, and openness, represent a crucial pathway for addressing the challenges posed by the rapid development of AI technology. Constructing an AI governance framework based on participatory ethical norms provides solutions for the sustainable, fair, and transparent development of AI from multiple aspects …