Science and Technology Policy Commons^™

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

Emotional Distress During Covid-19 By Mental Health Conditions And Economic Vulnerability: Retrospective Analysis Of Survey-Linked Twitter Data With A Semisupervised Machine Learning Algorithm, Michiko Ueda-Ballmer, Kohei Watanabe, Hajime Sueki, Davor Mondom

Center for Policy Design and Governance

The brief provides a summary of "Emotional Distress During COVID-19 by Mental Health Conditions and Economic Vulnerability: Retrospective Analysis of Survey-Linked Twitter Data With a Semisupervised Machine Learning Algorithm," co-authored by Michiko Ueda-Ballmer, Kohei Watanabe, and Hajime Sueki and published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research.

Space And Defense Journal Spring 2023 Vol. 14 Issue 1

Space and Defense

Table of Contents

Letter from the Editor...................................................................................................................... 5

by Dr. Michelle Black

Articles

A Great Nuclear Rejuvenation: What China can do with an Expanded Nuclear Arsenal................................................................................................. 7

by Grant Van Robays, SrA Chloe Reynolds, Lieutenant Will Jackson, and Major Tom Hammerle

Technology: The Air and Space Force's Barrier to

Innovation................................................................................................................... 22

by William F. Cosgrove

Addressing the American Approach to Emerging Technologies: Utilizing the AI Arms Race to Highlight the Need to Develop Public-Private Partnerships in C4ISR and 5G............................................................................................... 44

by Hugh Harsono and Nick Ondovcisk

Special Correspondence

Dr. Kori Schake Keynote Address................................................................................................................... 54

2022 U.S Strategic Deterrence and Assurance …

Computer And Broadband Internet Access In Nevada And The Mountain West, Peter Grema, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Transportation & Infrastructure

This fact sheet examines data on computer and broadband internet access throughout the Mountain West (Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah). The original dataset from the United States Census Bureau is comprised of information from the American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates on total households with a computer and broadband internet access for various geographic areas and demographic groups throughout the United States.

Strategy Of Scientific And Technological Powerhouse In New Era, Jiaofeng Pan, Jinbo Wan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Scientific and technological powerhouse is the core of a fully modernized country, and the scientific and technological modernization is an important part of modernization with Chinese characteristics. To grasp the new development stage, implement the new development concept, build the new development pattern, and promote the high-quality development, it is urgent to systematically promote the construction of scientific and technological powerhouse (STP) in the new era from the perspective of strategic system. Firstly, define the strategic connotation and establish the strategic system analysis framework of "strategic environment-strategic objectives-strategic capabilitiesstrategic actions". Secondly, analyze the strategic environment for constructing an STP, accurately …

Ten-Year Review And Future Trend Of Scientific And Technological Reform, Defang He, Fuqiang Tang, Hui Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

From the aspects of the macro-governance capability of science and technology (S&T), the mechanism for tackling emerging problems, the life-time career of S&T researchers, the innovation chain of S&T activities, the life cycle of enterprises, innovation players, regional innovation system, and the ecology of S&T innovation, this study systematically reviews the practical exploration and effects of China's S&T reform experience since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). It also analyzes the latest S&T reforming characteristics in many other innovative countries, such as stronger strategic coordination, broader government intervention, more concern of disruptive innovation and future …

Review On Reform Of Research Evaluation In Past Decade, Fang Xu, Xiaoxuan Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Over the past decade, there have been many scientific and technological evaluation reform documents and great efforts represented by "Three Evaluations" and breaking "Four Only", which have achieved good results but the gap is still huge. This reform has better eliminated the surface problems such as unreasonable evaluation quantity, frequency, and index in the "Three Evaluations". The reform has been initiated in the reward system, talent plan, and project fund management, but is still halfway. The reform of scientific and technological evaluation has not yet achieved a fundamental improvement in the value orientation of guiding scientific researchers to pursue excellence …

Ten-Year Development Of China’S Science And Technology Talent Policies And Optimizing Approach For Sci-Tech Self-Reliance And Self-Improvement, Kaihua Chen, Rui Guo, Ruimin Pei

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the science and technology (S&T) talent policies in China have been continuously optimized and developed Consequently, a multi-layered policy system with vertical and horizontal linkages has been formed. The education and training policies have been improved, the utilization and development policies of talents have been enhanced, and the evaluation and incentive policies have become more rational, which effectively guaranteed the high-quality development of China's S&T talents. However, there are still several problems with the current S&T talent policy system, such as incomplete system, low precision, low integration of technological …

China In Global Landscape Of Life Sciences, Xian-En Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The development of life science for over 150 years can be summarized into three stages:classical genetics, molecular genetics and molecular biology, life omics and systems biology. The contemporary life science is unprecedentedly prosperous, showing several new characteristics:original discoveries emerge in endlessly, promoting massive bottom-level innovations; the convergence of multiple disciplines promotes biological sciences from qualitative description to dynamic, precise and quantitative interpretation; scientific data sharing has become a common rule in the life science community; and the rise of synthetic biology and artificial intelligence (AI) provides a new paradigm for life science research. These characteristics enable the knowledge about life …

Analysis Of Principles Of Development Of Key Technologies, Yungang Bao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

How to development key technologies requires understanding the principles of technology evolution. This study proposes that the development process of key technologies follows the Metcalf's Law. Furthermore, this paper presents two principles of the development of key technologies from different angles. Finally, several suggestions are raised.

Promoting Infrastructure Construction In Advance To Support Sci-Tech Self-Reliance And Self-Strengthening At Higher Level, Yang Wang, Yuanchun Zhou, Yanguang Wang, Jianhui Li, Fazhi Qi, Honglin He, Fangyu Liao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The research infrastructure is the basic and strategic platform of scientific and technological innovation. In the last decade, China's research infrastructure has achieved leapfrog development in the level of observation, manufacturing, management, data acquisition, data sharing and utilization, which supports China's scientific and technological innovation activities at a higher level. Looking into the future, the scientific research paradigm is transforming. The network, data, and computing platform will not only support the development of major science and technology infrastructure and field stations in larger, more accurate, and more advanced approach, but also contribute to the transformation of scientific research paradigm. It …

National Innovation Force Measurement And International Comparison: 2006–2020, Kaihua Chen, Chao Zhang, Xiaoyu Xue

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Based on the innovation value chain, this study establishes the "three horizontal and two vertical dimensions" measurement framework of National Innovation Force, which has a science-technology-industry horizontal dimension and a strength-effectiveness vertical dimension. The framework realizes a comprehensive analysis of National Innovation System from different perspectives and supports the categorized research and differentiated implementation of innovation policies and strategies. The framework considers the differences in science, technology, and innovation activities, as well as those between strength and effectiveness. Based on the analysis of 35 countries in The Report of National Innovation Force Measurement and International Comparison completed by the authors, …

On Deep Integration Of Party Building And Scientific Research Endeavors In Research Institutes, Changhong Nie, Bingguo Jiang, Baoyu Jia

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Promoting the deep integration of Party building and scientific research endeavors in research institutes is an important measure to strengthen the Party's overall leadership over the development of science and technology, implement the requirement of full and strict governance of the Party, improve the effectiveness of Party building in research institutes, and advance the modernization of the governance system and capacity of research institutes. This study adopts the perspective of innovation management and discusses the theoretical basis for promoting the deep integration of Party building and scientific research endeavors in research institutes. On the basis of studying and reviewing the …

Research On Financial Support For Scientific And Technological Innovation—Review And Prospect Of Development Of Financial Science And Technology In Past Ten Years, Lu Zhao, Yu Cheng, Qi Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the central and local finance, in accordance with the requirements of President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping, gave full play to their functions, and introduced a series of policies and measures to support scientific and technological innovation, which has effectively promoted the development of science and technology in China. The article reviews the basic situation of financial support for scientific and technological innovation in the past ten years from nine aspects, and looks forward to the future development and reform of financial science and technology.

Continuously Strengthening Basic Research And Solidifying Foundation Of Sci-Tech Self-Reliance And Self-Strengthening, Yujiang Ye

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Basic research is the source of the entire scientific system and the overall engine of all technical issues. Guided by the remarks made by Gerneral Secretary Xi Jinping, this paper elaborates the development rules and trends of basic research. It systematically summarizes the achievements in the development of China's basic research after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Based on the thorough analysis on opportunities and challenges currently faced by China's basic research, it proposes the idea of continuously strengthening basic research and accelerating the process of achieving sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening at higher level.

Orientation And Role Of National Scientific Research Institutions In National Strategic Scientific And Technological Strength, Chunliang Fan, Zhe Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

An important task of enhancing strategic scientific and technological strength is to strengthen national scientific research institutions. From the history of science and the international development, this study discusses the development of the national research institutions and their characteristics as a national strategic strength of science and technology, and discusses the role of Chinese national research institutions in national development, summarizes the achievements and successful experience of the national research institutions for facing the needs of the country, facing the frontier of science and technology, facing the main economic battlefield, and facing the life and health of the people during …

Developing Science And Technology Policies For High Risk-High Reward Research, Lingjing Cao, Zhiqiang Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

High Risk-High Reward (HRHR) research refers to scientific research with high risk of failure but characterized by breakthrough, innovation and originality. It truly reflects the original innovation ability of science and technology, is committed to bringing major scientific discoveries and technological breakthroughs, and is conducive to accelerating the improvement of national competitiveness in original science and technology. The theoretical and methodological research in this area will help improve science and technology policies. On the basis of clarifying its development background, conceptual connotation and characteristics, this paper discusses the construction of a "decision-fundingimplementation" model of HRHR research and management system. By …

Electric Vehicle (Ev) Infrastructure In The Mountain West, 2020-2021, Olivia K. Cheche, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Transportation & Infrastructure

This fact sheet highlights data on electric vehicles (EVs) and EV charging stations, as originally reported by Zutobi in The 2022 EV Charging Station Report. This report examines the presence of EV infrastructure across the United States. The Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah are considered here.

Data Information: Global Overview Of Artificial Intelligence

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Policy Overview (February, 2022)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

The Application Of The Right To Be Forgotten In The Machine Learning Context: From The Perspective Of European Laws, Zeyu Zhao

Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology

The right to be forgotten has been evolving for decades along with the progress of different statutes and cases and, finally, independently enacted by the General Data Protection Regulation, making it widely applied across Europe. However, the related provisions in the regulation fail to enable machine learning systems to realistically forget the personal information which is stored and processed therein.

This failure is not only because existing European rules do not stipulate standard codes of conduct and corresponding responsibilities for the parties involved, but they also cannot accommodate themselves to the new environment of machine learning, where specific information can …

Social And Virtual Segregation: A Study Of Gated Communities In Yogyakarta, Kuskridho Ambadri, Odam Asdi Artosa, Novi Paramita Dewi, Kurniawan Yanto Yuliarso

Masyarakat: Jurnal Sosiologi

The problem of social segregation gains new relevance as digital technology has now become the core of people’s lives and work. Unfortunately, this factor is often neglected in studies of social segregation. Previous studies have only taken note of social and spatial segregation. This study aims to fill a conceptual gap by raising the virtual dimension within socio-spatial segregation. This research finds that virtual segregation has strengthened segregationist tendencies that follow the growth of luxurious housing complexes and gated communities. Furthermore, this study also asserts that deregulation policies in housing and the commercial development of telecommunication infrastructure are factors that …

The Program To Reduce Implicit Bias In Carroll Hospital Center Using The Implicit Association Test, Katherine E. Traynor

Capstone Showcase

Natural brain processes make all individuals susceptible to unconscious bias; however, stressful, fearful, or anger-evoking situations as well as the negative influence of media and social surroundings increase the risk of holding obstructive bias, and there is a greater risk of being negatively impacted by this phenomenon when belonging to a minority population (Rose & Flores, 2020). As a result, high rates of infant mortality (10.2 deaths per 1,000 live births for the Non-Hispanic Black population compared to 4.1 in the White population) and cardiovascular related diseases (190.0 cases per 1,000 in the Non-Hispanic Black population compared to 161.3 in …

Ethical Governance Of Gene Editing Technology, Huiyuan Wang, Pengfei Li, Lijuan Xu, Liwen Zhang, Caihong He, Yuelei Fan, Jianrong Yu, Zhihong Xu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Gene editing technology has been one of the breakthrough technologies for life science research. With the application in biomedical research, healthcare, food and agriculture field, related ethical issues are also concerned. This study summarized the research and application progress of gene editing technology involving ethical issues in recent years. Based on sorting out the international discussions, attitudes, and explorations about gene editing ethics issues, after analyzing the current status, discussions, and measures of applications of gene editing technology on human beings in China, we propose five suggestions about the ethical governance system construction of gene editing technology for China.

Development Plans And Enlightenments Of Future Industry Of Major Countries In The World, Bo Zhou, Fuhai Leng, Hong Li, Xiaoyi Chen, Xiaoqi Jia, Chunlei Ge, Zhongyang Xi, Jing Ye

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan of China's central and local governments, it is clearly proposed to develop the future industries. In order to provide decision-making reference for the future industries development plan of China. This paper has analyzed the future industries development plans of major countries in the world. By collecting 22 future industries development plans of 7 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, South Korea and Russia, this paper summarizes the concept, characteristics, significance and evolution trends of global future industries development. the deployment of the future industries of these seven countries are analyzed …

Data Information: Progress Of Strategy Priority Research Program (Category B) Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Constructing Ethical Order Of Digital World, Guoyu Wang, Hong Mei

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the digital transformation and the construction of digital China, a digital world parallel to the real world is being born. Historically, numbers have shaped our perception of the world and human beings. Digital transformation will further expand human cognitive space and means, release productivity, and change the way people think and behave. However, the virtuality and "outof domain" characteristics of people and things in the digital world have caused ethical problems in the digital world. Therefore, it is urgent to construct and improve the ethical order of the digital world. The article summarizes the existing three paths of scientific …

China’S Strategies For Governance Of Biotechnological Changes And New Ethical Challenges, Yaojin Peng, Zhou Qi

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Biotechnology is changing greatly over recent years, providing huge benefits to human society. However, the ethics, safety, and negative externalities of biotechnology have become increasingly prominent. Currently, biotechnology is still in the early stage of development, and full of high uncertainty. Technological changes in this field have the characteristics of stronger subversiveness, complexity, and social relevance. The world is facing a process of great development of biotechnology, new outbreaks of ethical challenges, and ethical governance reforms. China should take this opportunity to promote the high-quality development of biotechnology on the one hand, and on the other hand, adopt a multi-pronged …

Policy Overview (October, 2021)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Analysis And Strategy Of Ai Ethical Problems, Zhaoxiang Zhang, Jiyu Zhang, Tieniu Tan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the core of the fourth industrial revolution, and it has brought challenges to ethics and social governance. On the basis of explaining the current ethical risks of artificial intelligence, the study furtherly analyzes the current consensus on ethics, governance principles, and governance approaches of artificial intelligence. Moreover, the study also proposes to take "co-construction, co-governance and sharing" as the guiding theory to gradually build a multi-dimensional ethical governance system, including education reform, ethical norms, technical supports, legal regulations, and international cooperation.