Science and Technology Policy Commons^™

Effectiveness Of Chinese Dual-Use Shipbuilding Within State-Owned Enterprises, Naveen Wineland

Student Publications

This paper examines how effectively China’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have leveraged dual-use shipbuilding to support the naval modernization of the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). While China’s commercial shipbuilding sector now dominates the global market and provides SOEs with massive economies of scale, workforce continuity, and supply chain depth, the ability to translate these advantages into advanced naval shipbuilding has been uneven. Drawing on theoretical frameworks of the developmental state and hidden developmental state, this analysis distinguishes between commercial and naval shipbuilding requirements and examines hull-level production data for major U.S. and Chinese surface combatant classes. The evidence suggests that …

Juxtaposing Approaches To Risk-Based Ai Governance In Different ‘Rights’ Contexts: A Comparative Analysis Between Singapore And The Eu, Jane Loo, Mark Findlay

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Comparative analysis of European and certain Asian approaches to governance often degenerates into simplistic dichotomies based on universal human rights assumptions. This chapter rejects such dualities, ill-informed by theory and historical reflection. The emerging argument is founded on a historical realist approach to theorising difference. Assisted by Polanyi’s double movement, the detailed substantive comparison is preceded by considerations of how recent trends in governing AI have uniformly adopted a countermovement against the dis-embedding of data and technology from the social leading to a risk/responsibility paradigm. From here, a more nuanced reflection of AI governance approaches in the EU and Singapore …

What Municipalities Really Want: Perceptions Of Artificial Intelligence Among New York State Municipal Leaders, Nicholas Croce, Saba Siddiki

Center for Policy Design and Governance

This brief summarizes "What Municipalities Really Want: Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence among New York State Municipal Leaders," co-authored by Nicholas Croce (Syracuse University) & Saba Siddiki (Syracuse University).

Federal Funding In The Mountain West, 2021-2024, Isabelle G. Graham, Olivia K. Cheche, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Elections & Governance

This fact sheet presents data on the number of federal funding awards granted to the five Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah between 2021 and 2024. These awards include investments authorized under major federal legislation such as the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), CHIPS and Science Act, and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL), among other programs tracked by Invest.gov. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) will see funding for these programs sunsetted (terminated as the above legislation expires).

A Difficult Act To Maintain, J.G. Allen

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

In "Where is Singapore's AI regulation headed?" (Issues, Summer 2025), Manoj Harjani starts by recounting its delicate balancing act in governing artificial intelligence. The city-state is able to maintain credibility on the global stage while remaining pragmatically grounded in technical experimentation, maintaining policy realism without overcommitting to rigid legal frameworks. The choice to adopt a regulatory “light touch” is often framed as a way to maintain flexibility, avoid overregulation, and enable innovation. But this obscures the extent to which this posture is itself a political and economic settlement—one that reinforces Singapore’s position in the global digital economy by facilitating capital …

Digital Transformation In Jamaica's Education Sector, Grace Willis

Capstone Collection

Digital transformation in Jamaica’s education sector, significantly spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic, represented a seismic shift on this small Caribbean island I call home. This transformation was central to national education reform and involved multiple projects aimed at modernizing educational delivery, infrastructure, and the supporting ecosystem. This study explored the multifaceted implications of these initiatives through qualitative research conducted with ten key stakeholders, complemented by a review of publicly available materials. Interviewees included school administrators, Information Technology (IT) teachers, funding sponsors, representatives from national education bodies, and international development agencies engaged in domestic strategic efforts. Participants were recruited through cold …

Integrating Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Technologies Into Common Operating Picture And Course Of Action Development, C. Anthony Pfaff, Christopher John Hickey

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

C. Anthony Pfaff and Christopher John Hickey, Principal Investigators

©2025 C. Anthony Pfaff. All rights reserved.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technologies into Common Operating Picture and Course of Action Development explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to revolutionize military planning processes by enhancing situational awareness and expediting course of action development within the Joint planning process. The study delves into technical, organizational, and resource considerations that are critical for AI integration. In addition, the study highlights the importance of clean, structured data in training AI systems, addresses challenges in data collection across varying formats …

The Chemistry Workforce In The Mountain West, 2022, Sean Curry, Otoniel Ramos, Mohit Pande, Olivia K. Cheche, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Economic Development & Workforce

This fact sheet presents 2022 data on the industrial chemistry workforce in five Mountain West states: Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. The American Chemistry Council’s (ACC’s) report, “2023 Guide to the Business of Chemistry,” offers insights into the chemistry industry’s role in the U.S. economy. This fact sheet focuses on 2022 state-level data related to the number of chemistry establishments, the number of individuals employed in the industry, and the average wages and salaries of industry workers in the Mountain West.

Analysis Of U.S. Think Tanks' Cognition Towards China-U.S. Competition In Quantum Science And Technology, Xiaoyu Li, Lei Gu, Haohan Meng

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance] Analyzing the perceptions of mainstream U.S. think tanks towards the China-U.S. competition in quantum science and technology contributes to examining their thinking frameworks and strategic judgments, providing strategic insights for China to effectively respond to U.S. containment and blockade in this field.

[Method/process] By selecting 13 research reports from 8 mainstream U.S. think tanks and utilizing the literature analysis method, this study systematically reviews the multidimensional perceptions of U.S. think tanks on the China-U.S. competition in quantum science and technology, thus revealing the underlying logic behind their perceptions.

[Result/conclusion] U.S. think tanks generally advocate for competition with China in …

Thematic Hotspots And Strategy Analysis Of International Ai Regulatory Texts Based On Lda Models, Taitian Mao, Yihe Peng

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance]This article conducts an in-depth exploration of international artificial intelligence (AI) regulatory policies and gains insights into the regulatory focuses and trends of various countries, with the aim of providing valuable references for global AI governance strategies.

[Method/process] This paper applies the LDA topic clustering analysis method to conduct an in-depth study of twenty-seven international policy documents. The aim is to accurately identify the topics, analyze the key theme words, and further reveal the regulatory hotspots in the field of artificial intelligence.

[Results/conclusion] The study reveals six core regulatory themes: systemic risk assessment, ethical and legal regulation, social impact governance, …

Government Information Clarity And Digital Engagement As Driving Forces Behind Digital Resilience On The Jepin Smart City Platform, Winda Chelsea Meisari, Muliawati -, Siti Fatimah

Jurnal Vokasi Indonesia

This study examines the influence of information clarity and government digital engagement on the digital resilience of urban communities, using the case study of the Jendela Pontianak Integrasi (JEPIN) platform. The research employs a quantitative approach using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with WarpPLS 7.0, involving 100 respondents from the city of Pontianak. The results indicate that information clarity (β = 0.49; p < 0.001) and government digital engagement (β = 0.37; p < 0.001) have a positive and significant effect on digital resilience. The model demonstrates strong reliability (Composite Reliability: 0.847–0.914; Cronbach’s Alpha: 0.772–0.882), good validity (factor loading > 0.5; AVE > 0.5), and a high level of model fit (GoF = 0.569). The R² value of 0.517 shows that the model explains 51.7% of the variance in digital resilience, while the Q² value of …

Elder Fraud In The Mountain West, 2023, Taylor Volk, Madison Dwyer, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Criminal Justice

This fact sheet presents data on complaints of fraud affecting individuals over the age of 60 and associated financial losses reported by elderly individuals in the Mountain West. The 2023 Elder Fraud Report serves to illuminate trends in elder fraud reports throughout the 50 U.S. states, Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico, Guam, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands, American Samoa, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Northern Mariana Islands. This fact sheet focuses on elder fraud data for the Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah.

Artificial Intelligence In Surveillance And Privacy, Elizabeth D. Brasher

NEXUS: The Liberty Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies

This paper attempts to provide insight into the new and developing world of artificial intelligence and its integration into surveillance technologies. These technologies being implemented by the government, retail companies, healthcare organizations, and more, all raise ethical questions and implications addressed in this article; other topics, such as the integration of Christian ethics and responsibilities, are also explored.

Rule-Mediated Connectivity In Social-Ecological-Technological Systems: A Comparative Network Analysis Of Reservoir Operation Rules In Coyote Valley Dam (United States) And Ameghino Dam (Argentina), Tomás Olivier, Hoon C. Shin, David J. Yu, Margaret Garcia

Center for Policy Design and Governance

This brief summarizes "Rule-mediated connectivity in social-ecological-technological systems: A comparative network analysis of reservoir operation rules in Coyote Valley Dam (United States) and Ameghino Dam (Argentina)," co-authored by Tomás Olivier, Hoon C. Shin, David J. Yu, and Margaret Garcia in the Journal of Environmental Management.

The Digital Economy And Equitable Access To Jobs In The Mountain West, 2023, Isabelle G. Graham, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Economic Development & Workforce

This fact sheet presents data from a Brookings Institution report, “The future of the US digital economy depends on equitable access to jobs,” which compares the share of 2023 employment in highly digital jobs among women and minority groups for select U.S. metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). This fact sheet reports data for nine Mountain West MSAs: Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV; Albuquerque, NM; Colorado Springs, CO; Denver-Aurora- Lakewood, CO; Tucson, AZ; Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ; Salt Lake City, UT; Provo-Orem, UT; and Ogden- Clearfield, UT.

Selected Artificial Intelligence Provisions In U.S. Fiscal Year 2025 National Defense Authorization Act, Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Presentations

The 2025 Fiscal Year National Defense Authorization Act contains multiple provisions relating to artificial intelligence (AI). These congressionally mandated provisions direct various sections of the Department of Defense (DOD) and individual U.S. armed service branches to execute congressional intent for AI policymaking. Examples of such intent include identifying and planning DOD's AI workforce, demonstrating AI biotechnology applications for national security, improving the human usability of AI systems, and establishing an AI security center. This presentation will note that reports on these initiatives must be prepared for relevant congressional oversight committees, and, in many cases, are in many cases, publicly released …

Institutional Constraints And The Ai Automation Gap: A Case Study Of Proposal Evaluation In Federal Ict Procurement At U.S. Customs And Border Protection, Farhan Bin Amjad

Harrisburg University Dissertations and Theses

This research investigates the institutional constraints shaping the adoption of AI-assisted proposal evaluation in federal ICT procurement, using U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) as a case study. Although AI tools are increasingly used by contractors to generate proposals, their integration into government evaluation processes remain limited. Using institutional theory as an analytical framework, this study examines how regulative rules, normative expectations, and cognitive assumptions jointly reinforce a risk-averse procurement culture that inhibits automation. Through a mixed-methods approach—comprising policy analysis, procurement data from FPDS and USAspending.gov, and an elite interview with a CBP contracting officer—the research identifies key barriers to …

Automation Mismatch: How Contractor Ai Adoption Challenges Institutional Procurement Norms At U.S. Customs And Border Protection (Cbp), Farhan Bin Amjad

Beyond the Project Horizon: Journal of the Center for Project Management Innovation

This letter explores a growing strain in the U.S. federal procurement: the automation mismatch between AI-powered proposal development by contractors and the regulation-bound evaluation systems at agencies like U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Tools like Vultron and Unanet AI have enabled federal contractors to increase proposal submission volume, yet institutional constraints such as data sensitivity, budget limitations, and cultural barriers have hindered equivalent modernization on the government side. This article leverages institutional theory and prior research to analyze this disparity, highlighting how legal and cultural factors limit AI integration in procurement. Detailed analysis of these regulatory and cultural influences …

Federal Health Research Cuts In The Mountain West, 2025, Mia Tschan, Ivan Sun, Sydney Mitchell, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Health

This fact sheet presents data from the Science & Community Impacts Mapping Project (SCIMaP) report, “Impact of Federal Health Research Cuts,” which predicts economic and job losses resulting from proposed National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding/grants cuts for indirect research costs as of April 9, 2025. This fact sheet focuses on predicted economic and job loss for the Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah, and county-level data for the State of Nevada.

Colaboración Interdisciplinaria: Tablero De Control Para Una Institución Politécnica R01 En Los Ee. Uu. [Libro], Cristo Leon Ph.D., Victor Hugo Guzmán Zarate Ph.D.

STEM for Success Showcase

Introducción
En el ámbito académico, la colaboración interdisciplinaria emerge como un imperativo estratégico y un desafío multifacético. Este estudio tiene un enfoque eminentemente práctico y busca diseñar y aplicar una herramienta específica —un tablero de control interactivo— para facilitar y mejorar la colaboración interdisciplinaria en un entorno académico real. La complejidad inherente a este desafío se refleja tanto en el dinamismo del ambiente investigativo como en la falta de definiciones operacionales cohesivas que faciliten la evaluación y visualización de la colaboración interdisciplinaria. Para abordar estos desafíos, el presente estudio se llevó a cabo en la Facultad de Ciencias y Artes …

Recent U.S. Government Policy Literature On Critical And Strategic Minerals, Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research

Critical and strategic minerals have become increasingly important in U.S. government civilian and military policymaking in recent years. This is demonstrated by the heavy use of such minerals in many critical civilian and military infrastructures. This work will discuss how this subject has been addressed in laws, presidential documents, and works by government agencies along with congressional oversight committees and support agencies. It will stress how the United States is heavily dependent on strategic minerals from adversarial foreign countries such as China and will examine U.S. efforts to increase its ability to produce such materials in the United States by …

Indirect Cost Cap: Perspectives On Efficiency, Waste, And Equity, Neel B. Patel, Lakshman Segar

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Background: On February 10, 2025, the NIH enacted a 15% cap on indirect costs, reallocating $4 billion from institutional overhead to direct research within a $35 billion funding framework. The policy follows longstanding concerns about unchecked growth and inefficiencies in indirect cost reimbursements, which rose from 15% in the 1950s to over 70% at some institutions by the 1990s. Notable examples include a $200 million overcharge at Stanford and millions in questionable expenditures identified in federal audits.

Objective: To evaluate the financial, operational, and equity-related impacts of the NIH’s indirect cost cap on U.S. research institutions.

Methods: …

A Theoretical Model Of Participatory Team Science Training, Angela E. Jordan

Graduate Theses and Dissertations (2019 - present)

BACKGROUND: Teams have long been used to address major scientific and societal problems, and interdisciplinary teams are understood to be the best approach to complex systems-based problems like climate change. Engaged research collaborations incorporating community members as equal partners in research projects are recognized as both a means of advancing equity and justice in research, and also of improving the success of research translation by developing solutions with community use-value. The science of team science (TS) and community-engaged research (CEnR) have emerged as scholarly disciplines, with attempts to define competencies, skills, functioning, and success. A growing body of literature in …

Does Ai Help Or Harm? Why And How Ai Use Influences Workplace Outcomes And Employee Well-Being, Haille Trimboli, Reka Lassu

Education Division Scholarship

Although the recent surge in excitement surrounding artificial intelligence (AI) might suggest it is a new development, AI has been applied in organizations for over forty years (Fanti et al., 2022; Markelius et al., 2024). Indeed, the term "artificial intelligence" itself emerged in the 1950s during a research project at Dartmouth College, where it was used to describe "machines able to simulate human intelligence" (Haenlein & Kaplan, 2019, p. 3). Most recently, in 2022, the landscape of AI use for laypeople greatly changed when OpenAI introduced ChatGPT, a generative AI tool, to the public; ChatGPT is an advanced AI language …

Research On Quantitative Evaluation Of Artificial Intelligence Policy Texts In The Yangtze River Delta Region, Ying Zhou, Danjie Yang, Mei Jiang, Xiaochun Zhao

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance]The quantitative evaluation of existing effective artificial intelligence (AI) policies aims to provide reference for government department to formulate scientific and reasonable AI policies and promote the development of AI. [Method/process]Taking 10 AI policies in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2015 to 2024 as the research samples, the text mining method is used to construct the evaluation index system of AI policies in the Yangtze River Delta region, and conduct quantitative evaluation by combining the PMC index model. [Result/conclusion]The study found that from a macro policy text perspective, the average PMC index of the 10 AI policy samples in …

How Insider-Led Processes Lead To Localization: The Case Of Digital Technology And Humanitarian Protection, Oliver Kaplan, Emily Paddon Rhoads

Global and Public Affairs: Faculty Scholarship

The humanitarian sector has been increasingly concerned with localizing its activities—devolving capacity, power, and decision-making authority to the local communities and organizations that are the frequent recipients of its assistance. However, the mere “outsider-led” provision of assistance to local actors is not itself sufficient to empower them. In- stead, we argue that “insider-led,” locally initiated processes can be an effective approach to localization. We identify how such shifts can occur and distinguish three different configurations of “insider-led” processes: Autonomous Adopters, Balanced Partners, and Exporting Entrepreneurs. We examine “insider-led” localization in the context of the use of Information and Communication Technologies …

Amidst The Frenzy Over Deepseek Ai, Us Federal Science And Tech Policy Is A Mess Of Internal Contradictions, Yujia He

Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce Faculty Publications

The release of the R1 model by the Chinese artificial intelligence (AI) company, DeepSeek, shocked the US tech industry. Yujia He writes that while DeepSeek’s model may not be quite as superior compared to its competitors as originally thought, the Trump administration has responded to its innovations by further pushing for US leadership in AI. Taking a close look at US research and development policy under the second Trump administration, however, shows the significant disconnect between rhetoric and policy. Federal funding freezes and reduced funding for the National Science Foundation could have dire long-term consequences for research and international cooperation …

Bolstering The Startup Sector In Palestine And Its Potential Impact On Public Finance, Rabeh Morrar, Rand Jibril

An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

Objective: This study aimed to analyze of the ecosystem surrounding startups in Palestine in general, with a particular focus on public finance; specifically, how public authorities can enhance the regulatory framework and adopt incentive policies for startups and entrepreneurship to create a positive long-term impact on both the overall economy and public finance. Methodology: The study's methodology primarily involved conducting in-depth interviews with a sample of all stakeholders related to the Palestinian startup ecosystem. This included government entities, relevant public bodies, startups, entrepreneurs, accelerators, incubators, venture capital funds, universities, innovation centers, and legal entities. Results: The study reached several important …

Computing In The Commonwealth: Specialized Education In Computer Science And Information Technology For High School Students In Virginia – An Environmental Scan, Amy Corning, Jonathan D. Becker, Jon Graham, James Carrigan, Keisha Tennessee

ICRE Publications

Over the past two decades, Virginia has invested substantially in STEM education, in part through specialized programs focused on computer science and information technology (CS/IT). This study represents the first effort to identify Virginia’s specialized secondary CS/IT programs and examine them collectively. Findings from the statewide environmental scan indicate that the programs are delivered through a wide variety of institutional structures, including Governor’s STEM Academies, Governor’s Schools, specialty centers, and academies, but most often through Career and Technical Education (CTE) centers. Programs tend to be concentrated in metropolitan areas, and some rural divisions may not be served. The programs provide …

“Science Belongs Everywhere”: Outlooks On Post-Secondary Stem Education For Correctional Centers In Virginia, Shelita R. Augustus

Division of Strategic Enrollment Management and Student Success Publications

Virginia has an incarceration rate of 679 per 100,000 residents, the highest among independent democratic nations. This scoping review examines perspectives on post-secondary STEM education to promote STEM education within Virginia's correctional facilities, assesses programs to improve rehabilitation, reduce recidivism, and address systemic inequalities by developing the scientific potential of incarcerated individuals. The review finds that while STEM education in correctional facilities faces limitations, its potential benefits are being realized nationwide. Virginia has made strides through initiatives like House Bill 2158, which aims to expand higher education access for incarcerated individuals. Examples such as the programs at J. Sargeant Reynolds …