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Subject Index Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences Volume 40 (2025)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Three Decades Of Chinese Internet Technology: Social Risks And Prevention Pathways, Zhaokai Yin, Weifu Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the rapid advancement and application of big data, artificial intelligence, and mobile Internet technologies, network technology has been driving social development, while its negative effects have gradually emerged. Based on a critical perspective and logical reasoning, this study systematically reviews the evolution and characteristic manifestations of social risks in China’s network technology over the past 30 years, revealing multiple hidden dangers it has caused in data governance, capital operation, and political communication. Under the new situation, to prevent and defuse the social risks of network technology, precise measures should be taken from aspects such as value guidance, institutional regulation, …

Research On Paths, Issues And Countermeasures Of Initiating International Big Science Programs, Lingjuan Li, Guolu Li, Lijiao Xie, Youdan Xiao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Large-scale scientific programs shoulder the missions of pooling global innovation resources, building world-class scientific centers, and promoting high-quality regional development. They serve as crucial pillars for achieving high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology. Initiating large-scale scientific programs requires elements such as the support of scientific and technological condition platforms, the coordinated promotion by international organizations, a scientific and feasible governance structure, sound policy guarantees, and special support. At present, China faces a severe situation in initiating international large-scale scientific programs. Meanwhile, problems such as homogeneous competition among large-scale scientific programs, lack of mature management experience, and insufficient motivation …

Current Status, Issues, And Strategies Of Researchers From National Scientific Institutions Participating In Science Education, Xiaoyi Wei, Jianzhong Zhou, Runqiang Wang, Rui Chen, Meihui Gu, Yixia Zhao, Jing Li, Ying Xiong, Liming Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Science education constitutes the essential foundation and critical underpinning for achieving the national strategy of integrated development across education, technology, and talent. The participation of researchers from national scientific research institutions in science education is of significant and far-reaching strategic importance for improving the overall scientific literacy of the Chinese public and cultivating top-tier innovative talent. This study focuses on researchers within the research institutes of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Employing a questionnaire-based survey, we investigate and analyze the current status and challenges of researchers’ engagement in science education from the perspective of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). …

Policy Overview (November, 2025)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Innovation-Motivated Education (Ime): From “Trap Of Excellence” To “Fusion Of Exceptional”, Quanshui Zheng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The “Needham Question” and “Tsien Hsue-shen’s Inquiry” jointly reveal a deep-seated structural contradiction—the “trap of excellence”: while traditional educational paradigms excel at mass-producing excellent talent that conforms to existing standards, they systemically suppress the emergence of exceptional geniuses capable of pioneering “new continents”. Confronted with the strategic goal of “building China into an education, science & technology, and talent powerhouse by 2035” and the transformative changes brought by AI technology, driving the reconstruction of educational paradigms and evaluation systems has become an urgent national strategic imperative. Based on sixteen years of practical exploration at Tsinghua University’s Tsien Excellence in Engineering …

Problems, Development Paths, And Policy Safeguards Of China’S Scientific And Technological Achievements System, Ping Zhang, Hongjun Geng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The transformation of scientific and technological achievements is a crucial link that closely integrates scientific and technological innovation with socio-economic development. It is a key measure in implementing the innovation-driven development strategy, building China into a great power in science and technology, and accelerating the development of new quality productive forces. The new round of sci-tech revolution and industrial transformation and the new situation of international trade frictions have posed new challenges and new logics to China’s scientific and technological achievements transformation system. This study combs through the dominant logic of China’s scientific and technological achievements transformation system under the …

Comparison Of Basic Research Of Major Bay Area International Science And Technology Innovation Centers And Implications, Wenneng Zhou, Yun Liu, Dong Guo, Tara Qian Sun, Liying Yang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Basic research has become an important source of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and it is of great significance for supporting and leading the construction of the international science and technology innovation center in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. In recent years, basic research in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has shown a sound development momentum. Compared with the international science and technology innovation centers in major overseas bay areas, it has obvious advantages in high-level universities and research institutions, major scientific infrastructure, and basic research outputs. Nevertheless, there are still relatively large gaps in the …

Green Nudging: Psychology Facilitates Environmental Protection And Climate Policy, Fuming Xu, Anning Liu, Xinjing Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Environmental pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and global warming are the major realities threatening all mankind today, urging all countries in the world to take immediate actions to protect the environment, save energy, reduce emissions, and curb global warming. In practice, it is difficult to completely solve these urgent problems by relying only on laws and regulations, administrative orders and other coercive means, as well as incentives such as monetary incentives. Hence, it is necessary to use the results of relevant research in psychology and behavioral sciences to facilitate environmental protection, energy conservation, and climate policy, and to play an important …

Exploring Pathways To Resolve Structural Contradictions In Service Consumption Empowered By Digital-Intelligent Technologies, Yue Yang, Desheng Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Service consumption serves as a crucial engine for high-quality economic development. In China, service consumption is experiencing a stage of “simultaneous growth in quantity and quality”, yet it faces structural contradictions such as supply-demand imbalance, urban-rural disparities, information asymmetry, and regulatory lag. Focusing on how technology enables the reconstruction of full-chain service consumption scenarios, the study systematically analyzes core bottlenecks, explores technology-driven paths and institutional innovation strategies, and provides policy references for addressing the structural contradictions in service consumption.

The Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Economy In The Mountain West, 2025, Dre Boyd-Weatherly, Sean Curry, Krish Sharma, Kristian Thymianos, William E. Brown Jr.

Economic Development & Workforce

This fact sheet reports on the artificial intelligence (AI) readiness of five Mountain West metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs): Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ; Salt Lake City-Murray, UT; Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO; Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV; and Albuquerque, NM. Using data from the Brookings Institution's “Mapping the AI Economy” report, the MSAs are benchmarked based on their overall population, employment, talent, adoption, and innovation.

Aiding And Abetting Scientific Integrity In U.S. Federal Government Agencies, Keeley Townsend

Theses and Dissertations in Business Administration

Science can play a critical role in supporting sound public administration and policy decisions. However, the value that science provides to government decision-making is contingent on a government’s scientific integrity standards and the degree to which employees adhere to those standards when conducting, managing, using, or communicating about science. Within the U.S. federal government, scientific integrity standards have historically been defined and applied inconsistently, at times resulting in harmful government actions.

Since at least 2000, the U.S. Congress and several executive administrations have taken steps to strengthen scientific integrity in government operations. One recent step included requiring all federal government …

Preparing For The Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Economy In The Mountain West, 2025, Kian Parikh, Taylor Volk, Maisoon Faris, Kristian Thymianos, William E. Brown Jr.

Economic Development & Workforce

This fact sheet presents data from the Brainly report, “Here Are the States Most (and Least) Prepared to Win the AI Race in 2025” for the five Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, and Utah. This fact sheet highlights the national and individual rankings of four key metrics for each Mountain West state: the fixed percentage of businesses using artificial intelligence (AI); the number of AI jobs per 1,000 workers; the number of AI-related degrees per 10,000 people ages 20-24; and federal funding for small business technology innovation per $1 million of gross domestic product (GDP).

Artificial Intelligence (Ai) And The Anthropic Economic Index In The Mountain West, 2025, Cason Noll, Olivia K. Cheche, William E. Brown Jr.

Economic Development & Workforce

This fact sheet presents 2025 data on the state of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption among the five Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. The data are sourced from the “Anthropic Economic Index,” which provides data on Claude.ai (an AI large language model) and its adoption across all 50 U.S. states and Washington, D.C. This fact sheet focuses on Claude.ai usage, the most common topic Claude.ai has been used for, and augmentation and automation shares for each Mountain West state.

Regulatory Reform For Agentic Ai: Addressing Governance Challenges In Federal Ai Adoption, Satyadhar Joshi

Harrisburg University Other Works

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly agentic AI systems capable of autonomous decision-making, has exposed significant gaps in existing federal regulatory frameworks. This paper examines the regulatory barriers inhibiting AI innovation and adoption identified in the Office of Science and Technology Policy's (OSTP) Request for Information (RFI) on regulatory reform. We analyze five categories of barriers—regulatory mismatches, structural incompatibility, lack of clarity, direct hindrance, and organizational factors—and propose a comprehensive governance framework integrating technical standards, risk management protocols, and policy recommendations. Drawing from extensive literature on AI governance tools and frameworks, we present actionable solutions for modernizing federal …

Review Of Ai Needs You: How We Can Change Ai’S Future And Save Our Own, Tracy A. Fernandez Rysavy

Feminist Pedagogy

AI Needs You: How We Can Change AI’s Future and Save Our Own urges citizens to band together now, while A.I. is still in its nascent stages, to head off its potentially destructive repercussions and ensure that the technology serves more than just a wealthy few. While such efforts might seem out of reach in our polarized society, author Verity Harding points to three cases from history where policy was heavily influenced by multistakeholder collaborations. This review encourages educators to use the book as a way to study business ethics; out-of-the-box thinking; and intersectional, inclusive consensus-building over a top-down approach.

Effectiveness Of Chinese Dual-Use Shipbuilding Within State-Owned Enterprises, Naveen Wineland

Student Publications

This paper examines how effectively China’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have leveraged dual-use shipbuilding to support the naval modernization of the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). While China’s commercial shipbuilding sector now dominates the global market and provides SOEs with massive economies of scale, workforce continuity, and supply chain depth, the ability to translate these advantages into advanced naval shipbuilding has been uneven. Drawing on theoretical frameworks of the developmental state and hidden developmental state, this analysis distinguishes between commercial and naval shipbuilding requirements and examines hull-level production data for major U.S. and Chinese surface combatant classes. The evidence suggests that …

Juxtaposing Approaches To Risk-Based Ai Governance In Different ‘Rights’ Contexts: A Comparative Analysis Between Singapore And The Eu, Jane Loo, Mark Findlay

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Comparative analysis of European and certain Asian approaches to governance often degenerates into simplistic dichotomies based on universal human rights assumptions. This chapter rejects such dualities, ill-informed by theory and historical reflection. The emerging argument is founded on a historical realist approach to theorising difference. Assisted by Polanyi’s double movement, the detailed substantive comparison is preceded by considerations of how recent trends in governing AI have uniformly adopted a countermovement against the dis-embedding of data and technology from the social leading to a risk/responsibility paradigm. From here, a more nuanced reflection of AI governance approaches in the EU and Singapore …

What Municipalities Really Want: Perceptions Of Artificial Intelligence Among New York State Municipal Leaders, Nicholas Croce, Saba Siddiki

Center for Policy Design and Governance

This brief summarizes "What Municipalities Really Want: Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence among New York State Municipal Leaders," co-authored by Nicholas Croce (Syracuse University) & Saba Siddiki (Syracuse University).

Federal Funding In The Mountain West, 2021-2024, Isabelle G. Graham, Olivia K. Cheche, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Elections & Governance

This fact sheet presents data on the number of federal funding awards granted to the five Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah between 2021 and 2024. These awards include investments authorized under major federal legislation such as the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), CHIPS and Science Act, and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL), among other programs tracked by Invest.gov. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) will see funding for these programs sunsetted (terminated as the above legislation expires).

A Difficult Act To Maintain, J.G. Allen

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

In "Where is Singapore's AI regulation headed?" (Issues, Summer 2025), Manoj Harjani starts by recounting its delicate balancing act in governing artificial intelligence. The city-state is able to maintain credibility on the global stage while remaining pragmatically grounded in technical experimentation, maintaining policy realism without overcommitting to rigid legal frameworks. The choice to adopt a regulatory “light touch” is often framed as a way to maintain flexibility, avoid overregulation, and enable innovation. But this obscures the extent to which this posture is itself a political and economic settlement—one that reinforces Singapore’s position in the global digital economy by facilitating capital …

Digital Transformation In Jamaica's Education Sector, Grace Willis

Capstone Collection

Digital transformation in Jamaica’s education sector, significantly spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic, represented a seismic shift on this small Caribbean island I call home. This transformation was central to national education reform and involved multiple projects aimed at modernizing educational delivery, infrastructure, and the supporting ecosystem. This study explored the multifaceted implications of these initiatives through qualitative research conducted with ten key stakeholders, complemented by a review of publicly available materials. Interviewees included school administrators, Information Technology (IT) teachers, funding sponsors, representatives from national education bodies, and international development agencies engaged in domestic strategic efforts. Participants were recruited through cold …

Integrating Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Technologies Into Common Operating Picture And Course Of Action Development, C. Anthony Pfaff, Christopher John Hickey

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

C. Anthony Pfaff and Christopher John Hickey, Principal Investigators

©2025 C. Anthony Pfaff. All rights reserved.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technologies into Common Operating Picture and Course of Action Development explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to revolutionize military planning processes by enhancing situational awareness and expediting course of action development within the Joint planning process. The study delves into technical, organizational, and resource considerations that are critical for AI integration. In addition, the study highlights the importance of clean, structured data in training AI systems, addresses challenges in data collection across varying formats …

The Chemistry Workforce In The Mountain West, 2022, Sean Curry, Otoniel Ramos, Mohit Pande, Olivia K. Cheche, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Economic Development & Workforce

This fact sheet presents 2022 data on the industrial chemistry workforce in five Mountain West states: Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. The American Chemistry Council’s (ACC’s) report, “2023 Guide to the Business of Chemistry,” offers insights into the chemistry industry’s role in the U.S. economy. This fact sheet focuses on 2022 state-level data related to the number of chemistry establishments, the number of individuals employed in the industry, and the average wages and salaries of industry workers in the Mountain West.

Analysis Of U.S. Think Tanks' Cognition Towards China-U.S. Competition In Quantum Science And Technology, Xiaoyu Li, Lei Gu, Haohan Meng

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance] Analyzing the perceptions of mainstream U.S. think tanks towards the China-U.S. competition in quantum science and technology contributes to examining their thinking frameworks and strategic judgments, providing strategic insights for China to effectively respond to U.S. containment and blockade in this field.

[Method/process] By selecting 13 research reports from 8 mainstream U.S. think tanks and utilizing the literature analysis method, this study systematically reviews the multidimensional perceptions of U.S. think tanks on the China-U.S. competition in quantum science and technology, thus revealing the underlying logic behind their perceptions.

[Result/conclusion] U.S. think tanks generally advocate for competition with China in …

Thematic Hotspots And Strategy Analysis Of International Ai Regulatory Texts Based On Lda Models, Taitian Mao, Yihe Peng

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance]This article conducts an in-depth exploration of international artificial intelligence (AI) regulatory policies and gains insights into the regulatory focuses and trends of various countries, with the aim of providing valuable references for global AI governance strategies.

[Method/process] This paper applies the LDA topic clustering analysis method to conduct an in-depth study of twenty-seven international policy documents. The aim is to accurately identify the topics, analyze the key theme words, and further reveal the regulatory hotspots in the field of artificial intelligence.

[Results/conclusion] The study reveals six core regulatory themes: systemic risk assessment, ethical and legal regulation, social impact governance, …

Government Information Clarity And Digital Engagement As Driving Forces Behind Digital Resilience On The Jepin Smart City Platform, Winda Chelsea Meisari, Muliawati -, Siti Fatimah

Jurnal Vokasi Indonesia

This study examines the influence of information clarity and government digital engagement on the digital resilience of urban communities, using the case study of the Jendela Pontianak Integrasi (JEPIN) platform. The research employs a quantitative approach using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with WarpPLS 7.0, involving 100 respondents from the city of Pontianak. The results indicate that information clarity (β = 0.49; p < 0.001) and government digital engagement (β = 0.37; p < 0.001) have a positive and significant effect on digital resilience. The model demonstrates strong reliability (Composite Reliability: 0.847–0.914; Cronbach’s Alpha: 0.772–0.882), good validity (factor loading > 0.5; AVE > 0.5), and a high level of model fit (GoF = 0.569). The R² value of 0.517 shows that the model explains 51.7% of the variance in digital resilience, while the Q² value of …

Elder Fraud In The Mountain West, 2023, Taylor Volk, Madison Dwyer, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Criminal Justice

This fact sheet presents data on complaints of fraud affecting individuals over the age of 60 and associated financial losses reported by elderly individuals in the Mountain West. The 2023 Elder Fraud Report serves to illuminate trends in elder fraud reports throughout the 50 U.S. states, Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico, Guam, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands, American Samoa, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Northern Mariana Islands. This fact sheet focuses on elder fraud data for the Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah.

Artificial Intelligence In Surveillance And Privacy, Elizabeth D. Brasher

NEXUS: The Liberty Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies

This paper attempts to provide insight into the new and developing world of artificial intelligence and its integration into surveillance technologies. These technologies being implemented by the government, retail companies, healthcare organizations, and more, all raise ethical questions and implications addressed in this article; other topics, such as the integration of Christian ethics and responsibilities, are also explored.

Rule-Mediated Connectivity In Social-Ecological-Technological Systems: A Comparative Network Analysis Of Reservoir Operation Rules In Coyote Valley Dam (United States) And Ameghino Dam (Argentina), Tomás Olivier, Hoon C. Shin, David J. Yu, Margaret Garcia

Center for Policy Design and Governance

This brief summarizes "Rule-mediated connectivity in social-ecological-technological systems: A comparative network analysis of reservoir operation rules in Coyote Valley Dam (United States) and Ameghino Dam (Argentina)," co-authored by Tomás Olivier, Hoon C. Shin, David J. Yu, and Margaret Garcia in the Journal of Environmental Management.