Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Development And Evaluation Of Vaccine Candidates For Senecavirus A, Bishwas Sharma

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Senecavirus A (SVA) has been associated with several outbreaks of vesicular disease (VD) since 2014 in major swine-producing countries around the world. The virus causes VD that is clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in pigs. Currently there are no commercial vaccines available for SVA. Here, we developed a live attenuated SVA strain by mutating a wild type SVA strain SD15-26 (wt SVA). The live attenuated virus, rSVA mSacII, replicated less efficiently in cell cultures in vitro and expressed lower amounts of VP1 and VP2 capsid proteins than wt SVA. Most importantly, the rSVA mSacII virus failed to induce clinical …

Senecavirus A: Pathogenicity And Interactions With Host Cell Death Pathway, Maureen Hoch Vieira Fernandes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Senecavirus A (SVA) is a positive sense single-strand RNA virus of the genus Senecavirus, family Picornaviridae. Senecavirus A is an emerging picornavirus of swine, which causes vesicular disease (VD) in pigs that is clinically indistinguishable from footand- mouth disease and other high consequence VDs of swine. There is evidence that SVA has been circulating in the US swine population since the late eighty’s, however, recently the virus emerged worldwide, and it has been associated with several VD outbreaks in pigs in many of the major swine producing countries. Despite the recent surge in the number of cases of …

Alternative Treatment Options For Controlling Anthelmintic-Resistant Haemonchus Contortus Populations In South Dakota Sheep Herds, Adam Sarah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Haemonchus contortus is a common economically important gastrointestinal nematode that obliges the survival and productivity of small ruminants, especially sheep and goats. Anthelmintic resistance is a primary challenge in ruminant health management programs in preventing and controlling the H. contortus populations; therefore, there is a great necessity in finding and developing natural plant products for use as alternatives to commercial anthelmintics for controlling H. contortus in pastured sheep and goats. This dissertation has three major aims conducted in three separate studies: the first in vivo one was to evaluate the extended effect of a springtime, combined-treatment with 3 anthelmintics having …

Performance Differences Between Two Groups Of Commercial Pigs Following Experimental Infection With Prrs Virus 1-7-4, Erin Little

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the costliest swine disease in North America. Vaccines and management alone have not been effective in controlling this disease. Genetic selection for resilience may be a complimentary approach for controlling PRRSV. The objective of this study was to estimate performance differences between two groups of pigs from the same commercial line following infection with PRRSV 1-7-4: 1) pigs sired by boars selected based on a standard index (TN-S), which emphasized feed efficiency and carcass quality; and 2) pigs sired by boars selected based on an experimental index (TN-E), which emphasized feed intake, …

Rumen Microbial Culture Library And In Vitro Analysis Of Selected Bacterial Species On Colonization Resistance Against Bovine Enteric Pathogens, Maria Antony

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The anaerobic habitat of the four chambers in ruminant’s foregut plays a vital role in the fermentation of the food by the active involvement of the residing microbial community. The cultivability and the potential role of rumen bacteria in the field of livestock production, host health and immunity are important to study. The developed anaerobic culturing techniques enable us to culture and screen different rumen bacteria to study the anti-pathogenic effects. Whole genome sequencing and analysis help us to understand the genome level characteristics of the rumen bacterial species individually. Since the majority of the rumen biosphere is still not …

Longitudinal Survey Of Swine Influenza Virus Infection In A Pig Farm In Thailand, 2017-2018, Chanakarn Nasamran

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Swine influenza cause by influenza A virus, is the one of the most important zoonotic disease of pigs. Swine influenza virus (SIV) infection in pigs causes both economic loss in pig production and public health problem. SIVs subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 cause respiratory disease in pigs worldwide. The objectives of this thesis were to determine the dynamic of swine influenza virus subtypes circulation in a pig farm in 2017-2018 and to monitor genetic diversity of swine influenza virus in a pig farm. During January 2017 to November 2018, the nasal swab samples (n=436) and blood samples (n=436) were collected …

Surveillance Of Economic And Public Health Important Respiratory And Enteric Viruses In Dogs And Pigs In Yangon, Myanmar, Pont Pont Mon

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRD) and Canine gastroenteritis (CGE) are major important diseases of dogs. Porcine Respiratory Disease complex (PRDC) and Porcine Enteric Disease complex (PEDC) are major economic and public health important diseases of pigs. The objectives of this study were 1) to detect and 2) to genetically characterize the economical and public health important respiratory and enteric viruses of dogs and pigs in Yangon, Myanmar during January, 2018 to October, 2019. In this thesis, 143 nasal swabs and 143 rectal swabs from 2 small animal clinics and 2 dog shelters were tested for canine respiratory viruses including …

Novel Amphiphilic Cyclobutene And Cyclobutane Cis-C18 Fatty Acid Derivatives Inhibit Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis Growth, Denise K. Zinniel, Wantanee Sittiwong, Darrell D. Marshall, Govardhan Rathnaiah, Isin T. Sakallioglu, Robert Powers, Patrick H. Dussault, Raul G. Barletta

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiologic agent of Johne’s disease in ruminants and has been associated with Crohn’s disease in humans. An effective control of Map by either vaccines or chemoprophylaxis is a paramount need for veterinary and possibly human medicine. Given the importance of fatty acids in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids and the mycobacterial cell wall, we tested novel amphiphilic C₁₀ and C₁₈ cyclobutene and cyclobutane fatty acid derivatives for Map inhibition. Microdilution minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) with 5 or 7 week endpoints were measured in Middlebrook 7H9 base broth media. We compared the …

Investigation Of Congestive Heart Failure In Beef Cattle In A Feedyard At A Moderate Altitude In Western Nebraska, Rodney A. Moxley, David R. Smith, Dale M. Grotelueschen, Tom Edwards, David Steffen

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Right-sided congestive heart failure (brisket disease) commonly occurs in cattle raised at elevations >2,500– 3,500 m. We investigated clinical cases resembling brisket disease at a western Nebraska feedyard at a moderate altitude (1,369 m). Over a 15-mo period (2009–2010), we examined 17 cases (16 steers and 1 heifer), all purebred Angus. All animals had clinical right-sided heart failure: brisket and ventral abdominal edema, and severe chronic passive congestion of the liver. Gross examination confirmed right ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricle plus septum: right ventricle weight ratio mean: 1.33 vs. 2.8–4.0 reference interval). Microscopically, all 17 cases had interstitial fibrosis (mean score: …

Bovine Cellular And Innate Immune Response To Hemostatic Polysaccharides, Brian Kobylkevich

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Chronic wounds are longstanding dermal wounds that do not heal in a normal amount of time and can commonly last for over a year. These wounds plague humans and farm animals alike. Wounds are characterized by chronic inflammation and are often painful, difficult to heal, have a high recurrence rate, and are potentially debilitating. Long term wounds that do not fully heal are distressing for both humans and animals, but understandably more resources have been directed towards humans. Some treatment options for humans may be suitable for adaptation into the field of animal care. Chronic lesions such as bovine digital …

Geospatial Analysis Of Rickettsial Species In Arkansas, Amy D. Frank, Ashley P.G. Dowling

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Rickettsia species are obligate intracellular, arthropod-borne bacteria with a potential to cause multiple diseases including Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). Fleas, mites, and ticks serve as vectors for Rickettsia, but ticks are the primary vector of interest. RMSF and other rickettsial diseases have continued to gain importance in both human and veterinary medicine as RMSF is the most common tick-borne disease within the United States according to the Lyme and Tick-Borne Disease Research Center. A statewide citizen science project was utilized to determine the prevalence of Spotted Fever Group (SFG) Rickettsia in Arkansas. This project yielded results in 64 …

The Role Of Serum Histones In Canine Heat Stroke, Jenna Acutt

Scripps Senior Theses

Rising temperatures all over the world has correlated with more frequent heat stroke related injuries and death. This statistic not only applies to humans, but to canines as well, who have similar body temperature thresholds. Recent studies have demonstrated that serum histones, released after cell death from heat stroke, play a role in heat stroke related injuries and death. This proposal aims to determine the severity of the effects caused by serum histone release after heat stroke by exposing selected canine cell lines to cell lysate and purified histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, which have been found to be …

Genetic And Pathogenic Characterizations Of Newly Emerged Duck Tembusu Virus Isolated In Thailand, Patchareeporn Ninvilai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), a mosquito-borne Flavivirus, caused an emerging disease in ducks in Asia since 2010, resulting in significant economic loss in duck producing industry. After the initial outbreak in 2013, DTUMV cases have been continuously detected in several duck farms in Thailand. Thus, the disease surveillance and the genetic characterization of the Thai DTMUV are necessary. Therefore, the first objective of this dissertation was to investigate the genetic characteristic of DTMUVs circulating in Thailand. Our retrospective study demonstrated the presence of DTMUV in the Thai ducks since 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of the polyprotein gene sequence revealed that the …

Development Of An Indirect Elisa To Detect Antibodies Against Actinobacillus Suis Using Boiled Whole Cell Antigen, Siriluck Juntautsa

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Actinobacillus suis is considered an opportunistic pathogen in swine that can cause disease in animals of all ages, especially in high health status herds. The objective of this study was to developed an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using boiled whole cell antigen for the detection of antibody against A. suis. The selected herd has clinical problems associated with A. suis infection. In addition, this herd was not received any Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) vaccine nor diagnosed with APP infection before the study. The isolation of A. suis was recovered from lung of the infected pig in the selected herd. Moreover, …

Prevalence Of Enteric Helminths And Protozoa And Identification Of Hookworm, Threadworm And Giardia Spp. In Cats In Bangkok And Vicinity, Thailand, Wanarit Jitsamai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

A total of 835 fecal samples collected from client-owned and community cats between 2014 and 2016 were subjected to wet fecal smear and/or PBS-ethyl acetate and/or ZnSO4 centrifugal flotation. Ancylostoma spp. was the most common, 28.5%, followed by 6.7% Toxocara spp., 5.3% Cystoisospora spp., 4.4% Platynosomum fastosum, 2.5% Taenia taeniaeformis, 1.7% Strongyloides spp., 1.4% Spirometra spp., 1.3% Dipylidium caninum, 0.1% Eucoleus aerophilus and 0.1% Opisthorchis-like trematode egg. For retroviruses, FeLV and FIV were positive 7.1% (19/269) and 5.2% (14/269), respectively, without association with endoparasitic infection. Based on Giardia copro-antigen detection test, 3.9% (9/233) of tested cats were positive. From multivariable …

Monitoring Of Influenza A Viruses In Thailand And Pathogenicity In Dogs And Guinea Pigs, Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Influenza A virus causes respiratory disease in many species such as birds, horses, pigs, dogs and cats as well as humans. This thesis consists of 5 phases. Phases 1 was monitoring of canine influenza virus infection in Thailand. Phase 2 was determining the intravenous pathogenicity index of Thai canine influenza virus. Phase 3, 4 and 5 were investigating the pathogenicity of canine influenza viruses in dogs, chickens and guinea pigs, respectivly. Our results showed that 0.97% of canine serum samples (9/932) and 1.20% of feline serum sample (1/79) were tested positive for influenza A antibodies by NP-ELISA. Six serum samples …

Detection And Differentiation Of Haemosporidian Parasites In Chickens (Gallus Gallus Domesticus) Using Molecular Diagnostic Approach, Thi Xuan Mai Nguyen

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Haemosporidioses in domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) are not only widely distribute but causing high mortality and non-specific symptoms. The multiplex PCR assay developed in this study can concurrently detect and differentiate four haemosporidian parasites Leucocytozoon caulleryi, Leucocytozoon sabrazesi, Plasmodium juxtanucleare, and Plasmodium gallinaceum. Comparing to microscopic examination performed in parallel on 157 samples, multiplex PCR assay exhibited significantly higher detection rate in diagnosis of haemosporidians (p = 0.000). The results showed that, L. sabrazesi, P. juxtanucleare, and P. gallinaceum detection rate of multiplex PCR were all higher than that of microscopic examination with p = 0.002, 0.000, and 0.004, …

Effects Of Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction And Prascend® Treatment On Endocrine And Immune Function In Senior Horses, Ashton B. Miller

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is one of the most common endocrine diseases affecting senior horses. PPID causes abnormally high concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the plasma and a very distinct, long, shaggy haircoat (hypertrichosis). At present, the recommended treatment for PPID is daily oral administration of pergolide mesylate. Due to the increased ACTH levels associated with PPID, it is commonly thought that these horses are immunosuppressed and at increased risk of opportunistic infections, although current research in this area is sparse. Additionally, it is not well-understood how treatment with Prascend^® (pergolide tablets) affects endocrine measures other than …

Effects Of Urea And Distillers Inclusion In Finishing Diets On Steer Performance And Carcass Characteristics, Bradley M. Boyd, James C. Macdonald, Matthew K. Luebbe, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplemental urea in dry rolled corn based finishing diets containing low inclusions of distillers grains. Treatments were set up in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. The first factor was wet distillers inclusion at either 10, 15, or 20% of diet DM. The second factor was urea inclusion at either 0, 0.5, or 1.0% of diet dry matter. Increasing inclusion of distillers linearly improved feed conversion and linearly reduced dry matter intake. An interaction for feed efficiency was observed where there was no effect of added urea when 10% or 20% …

Evaluation Of The Energy Value And Nutrient Digestibility Of Distillers Grains That Have Undergone A Fiber Separation Process In Finishing Diets, Shelby A. Garland, Melissa L. Jolly-Breithaupt, Hannah C. Hamilton Hamilton, Galen E. Erickson, James C. Macdonald, Ryan A. Mass

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A digestion study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding a new, high protein distillers grains and corn bran plus solubles on nutrient digestibility. Treatments included a corn-based control, high protein distillers at both 20% and 40%, corn bran plus solubles, traditional wet distillers grains and traditional dry distillers grains all at 40% of diet DM. Feeding high protein distillers grains or corn bran plus solubles resulted in decreased digestibility compared to corn or traditional wet and dry distillers grains, but increased energy intake. Traditional wet and dry distillers grains also resulted in decreased digestibilities while energy intake was …

Evaluation Of An Algal Biomass As An Ingredient In Cattle Feed, Mitchell M. Norman, Zachary E. Carlson, F. Henry Hilscher Hilscher, Andrea K. Watson, Galen E. Erickson, Bruce W. Brodersen, J. Dustin Loy, Jonathan W. Wilson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A study was conducted evaluating the effects of feeding condensed algal residue solubles (CARS; available in 2019 in Blair, NE area) to finishing cattle for 100 days. Four levels of CARS were evaluated with 5 steers and 5 heifers individually fed per level of inclusion. The diets consisted of 70% dry rolled corn with CARS displacing corn at 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5% of dry matter. Increasing CARS inclusion resulted in a linear decrease in intake, a quadratic increase in daily gain, and a linear decrease in feed:gain. Calculations showed a linear increase in dietary net energy as …

Evaluation Of Reimplant Window With Revalor-200 ® On Steer Performance And Carcass Characteristics, Caitlin A. Ohnoutka, Brad M. Boyd, F. Henry Hilscher Hilscher, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Grant I. Crawford, Jim C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A feedlot study utilizing 800 crossbred steers (initial BW = 727 ± 55 lb) compared 5 different terminal implant (Revalor-200) times (160, 120, 100, 80, or 40 d prior to harvest) for steers fed 180 days on performance and carcass characteristics. All steers were implanted with Revalor-IS as an initial implant at trial initiation. Carcass-adjusted final BW, ADG, and F:G responded quadratically, with cattle implanted 80 to 120 d prior to harvest being the greatest. However, there was less than a 2% difference in performance between 120 and 80 days on terminal implant. Hot carcass weight responded quadratically, with no …

Effects Of Backgrounding And Feedlot System Strategies On May-Born Steer Performance, Alicia C. Lansford, Jacki A. Musgrave, T. L. Meyer, Rick N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

May-born steers were backgrounded to achieve either a high or low rate of gain. The high rate of gain was achieved by offering steers meadow hay ad libitum and 4 lb/d of a 33% CP (DM) supplement, while the low rate of gain consisted of steers grazing meadow and offered 1 lb/d of the same supplement. After backgrounding, one-half of the steers from each group entered the feedlot in May as short-yearlings, while the remainder grazed upland range until entering the feedlot as long-yearlings in mid-September. Hot carcass weight was greater for steers backgrounded to achieve a high rate of …

Variability In Plasma Concentrations Of Methylprednisolone 6 Days After Intrasynovial Injection Of Methylprednisolone Acetate In Racing Horses: A Field Study, Jacob Machin, W. Duer, G. Maylin, C. K. Fenger, D. Wilson, M. Ivey, B. Berthold, S. Allison, Thomas Tobin

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Background: Methylprednisolone (MP) acetate is a commonly used corticosteroid for suppression of inflammation in synovial structures in horses. Its use is often regulated in equine sports by plasma MP concentrations. Objectives: To describe variability in MP plasma concentrations after MP acetate injection in different synovial structures and with co-administration with hyaluronic acid (HA). Study design: Field study in actively racing horses in three disciplines (Thoroughbred, Standardbred and Quarter Horse). Methods: Seventy-six horses (15 Thoroughbreds, 20 Standardbreds and 41 Quarter Horses) were included in the study. Injection of any synovial structure with a total body dose of 100 mg MP acetate …

Evaluations Of Health In Sympatric Free-Ranging Saguinus Imperator And Leontocebus Weddelli Using Neopterin, Urinalysis, And Blood Chemistry Analyses, Alexandra J. Sacco

All Master's Theses

This thesis is composed of one journal-ready article and one chapter that includes a preliminary interpretation of data for later publication. In summary, this thesis proposes the use of three different methods of evaluating the health status of New World Monkeys: urinary neopterin measurement, blood chemistry analyses, and urinalysis. Chapter II addresses the question of whether or not the neopterin molecule, a biomarker for cell-mediated immune system activation, is conserved across primate taxa. To do so, we collected urine samples across three New World Monkey (NWM) families including captive Leontopithecus rosalia and Pithecia pithecia, and wild populations of Leontocebus …

Determination Of Feline Ab Blood Types In Bangkok And Vicinities By The Tube Test, Teerawee Sangkaew

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The most important blood group system in cats is the AB system, which is identified by the presence and absence of antibodies and the antigen on the surface of red blood cells. Blood type A, B and AB are recognized in cats worldwide. The presence of strong alloantibodies against type A in all type B cats, and those with high titer against type B in some type A cats can cause significant transfusion reactions when cats are transfused with mismatched blood. Frequencies of blood types in a cat population is essential for estimating risks of transfusion reactions. The objectives of …

Seasonal Patterns In Risk Factors For Taenia Solium Transmission: A Gps Tracking Study Of Pigs And Open Human Defecation In Northern Peru, Ian W. Pray, Claudio Muro, Ricardo Gamboa, Percy Vilchez, Wayne Wakeland, William Pan, William E. Lambert, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Taenia solium (cysticercosis) is a parasitic cestode that is endemic in rural populations where open defecation is common and free-roaming pigs have access to human feces. The purpose of this study was to examine the roaming patterns of free-range pigs, and identify areas where T. solium transmission could occur via contact with human feces. We did this by using GPS trackers to log the movement of 108 pigs in three villages of northern Peru. Pigs were tracked for approximately six days each and tracking was repeated in the rainy and dry seasons. Maps of pig ranges were analyzed for …

Animal-Assisted Interventions In Health Care Settings: A Best Practices Manual For Establishing New Programs, Sandra B. Barker, Rebecca A. Vokes, Randolph T. Barker

Purdue University Press Book Previews

Growing literature around the benefits of animal-assisted intervention (AAI) spurs health care professionals and administrators to start new programs. Yet the trend also raises questions of how best to begin and run successful AAI programs—under what circumstances, with what staff, and within what guidelines.

Animal-Assisted Interventions in Health Care Settings: A Best Practices Manual for Establishing New Programs succinctly outlines how best to develop, implement, run, and evaluate AAI programs. Drawing on extensive professional experiences and research from more than fifteen years leading the Center for Human-Animal Interaction in the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, the authors discuss both …

The Effect Of Bovine Galectin-1, A Conceptus Secretory Protein, On The Endometrial Transcriptome, Lindsay Faye Grose

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Early embryonic loss in cattle is detrimental to reproduction thus, the profitability of both the beef and dairy industries. Therefore, an important aspect of study is to find techniques that beef or dairy producers could use to decrease early embryonic loss Galectin-1, the protein that was investigated in this research is important in modulating the maternal immune system in rodent and human early pregnancies by promoting fetomaternal immune tolerance. The role of galectin-1 within the reproductive tissues has not been thoroughly investigated in cattle. Galectin-1 is located in the caruncular and intercaruncular regions of the bovine endometrium, specifically the maternal …

Pancreas Of Coxsackievirus-Infected Dams And Their Challenged Pups: A Complex Issue, Sona Sarmirova, Maria Borsanyiova, Brigita Benkoova, Michaela Pospisilova, Rajkumar Rajasekaran, Katarina Berakova, Pavol Gomolcak, Jay Reddy, Shubhada Bopegamage

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Enteroviral infections are frequent, often asymptomatic in humans and during gravidity. The present study is an extension of our previous investigations where we had shown pancreatitis in challenged pups of CVB4-E2-infected dams. Present investigation describes the effect of gestational infection with this virus on the pancreas of both dams and their challenged pups. Gravid CD1 outbred mice were orally infected with CVB4-E2 virus at different gestation times. Pups were challenged orally with the same virus after 25 days of birth. Organs were collected at selected intervals postinfection (p.i.), and replicating virus and viral-RNA copies were analyzed. Additional readouts included histopathology …