Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Which Are The Nutritional Supplements Used By Beach-Volleyball Athletes? A Cross-Sectional Study At The Italian National Championship, Stefano Amatori, Davide Sisti, Fabrizio Perroni, Samuel Impey, Michela Lantignotti, Marco Gervasi, Sabrina Donati Zeppa, Marco B. Rocchi

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Beach volleyball is an intermittent team sport played under high temperature and humidity. Given that some nutritional supplements can enhance sports performance, this study aimed to evaluate the quantity and the heterogeneity of the nutritional supplementation practices of amateur (n = 69) and professional (n = 19) beach volley athletes competing in the Italian National Championship; an online form was used to collect data about the supplementation habits. The latent class analysis was used to find sub-groups characterised by different habits regarding supplements consumption. The most frequently used supplements (more than once a week) are vitamins B and C (39.2% …

Unilateral And Bilateral Lower-Body Resistance Training Does Not Transfer Equally To Sprint And Change Of Direction Performance, Brendyn B. Appleby, Stuart J. Cormack, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Given maximal strength can be developed using bilateral or unilateral resistance training, the purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of transfer of unilateral or bilateral resistance training to sprint and change of direction (COD) performance. Thirty-three trained participants (average training age = 5.4 ± 2.9 years and 1 repetition maximum [1RM] 90° squat = 177.6 ± 26.7 kg) completed either a bilateral group (BIL, n = 13), unilateral (UNI, n = 10), or comparison (COM, n = 10) 18-week randomized controlled training design. Training involved 2 lower-body, volume-load-matched resistance sessions per week (6-8 sets × 4-8 reps …

Barriers To Occupational Heat Stress Risk Adaptation Of Mining Workers In Ghana, Victor Fannam Nunfam, Kwadwo Adusei-Asante, Kwasi Frimpong, Eddie John Van Etten, Jacques Oosthuizen

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Increasing temperature and climate warming impacts are aggravating the vulnerability of workers to occupational heat stress. Adaptation and social protection strategies have become crucial to enhance workers’ health, safety, productive capacity and social lives. However, the effective implementation of work-related heat stress adaptation mechanisms appears to be receiving little attention. This study assessed the barriers to occupational heat stress adaptation and social protection strategies of mining workers in Ghana. Based on a mixed methods approach, focus group discussions and questionnaires were used to elicit data from 320 mining workers. Workers’ adaptation strategies (water intake, wearing loose and light-coloured clothing, participating …

Effects Of Caffeine On Neuromuscular Function In A Non-Fatigued State And During Fatiguing Exercise, Ricardo N. O. Mesquita, Neil J. Cronin, Heikki Kyröläinen, Jukka Hintikka, Janne Avela

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

New Findings:

What is the central question of the study? What are the effects of caffeine on neuromuscular function in a non-fatigued state and during fatiguing exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? In a non-fatigued state, caffeine decreased the duration of the silent period evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Caffeine-induced reduction of inhibitory mechanisms in the central nervous system before exercise was associated with an increased performance. Individuals who benefit from caffeine ingestion may experience lower perception of effort during exercise and an accelerated recovery of M-wave amplitude postfatigue. This study elucidates the mechanisms of action of …

Assessment Of A Novel Algorithm To Determine Change-Of-Direction Angles While Running Using Inertial Sensors, Aaron Balloch, Mahir Meghji, Robert U. Newton, Nicolas H. Hart, Jason A. Weber, Iftekhar Ahmad, Daryoush Habibi

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The ability to detect and quantify change-of-direction (COD) movement may offer a unique approach to load-monitoring practice. Validity and reliability of a novel algorithm to calculate COD angles for predetermined COD movements ranging from 45 to 180° in left and right directions was assessed. Five recreationally active men (age: 29.0 ± 0.5 years; height: 181.0 ± 5.6 cm; and body mass: 79.4 ± 5.3 kg) ran 5 consecutive predetermined COD trials each, at 4 different angles (45, 90, 135, and 180°), in each direction. Participants were fitted with a commercially available microtechnology unit where inertial sensor data were extracted and …

Enzymatically Modified Isoquercitrin Improves Endothelial Function In Volunteers At Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease, Nicola P. Bondonno, Catherine P. Bondonno, Natalie C. Ward, Richard J. Woodman, Jonathan M. Hodgson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

A higher intake of food rich in flavonoids such as quercetin can reduce the risk of CVD. Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ®) has a bioavailability 17-fold higher than quercetin aglycone and has shown potential CVD moderating effects in animal studies. The present study aimed to determine whether acute ingestion of EMIQ® improves endothelial function, blood pressure (BP) and cognitive function in human volunteers at risk of CVD. Twenty-five participants (twelve males and thirteen females) with at least one CVD risk factor completed this randomised, controlled, crossover study. In a random order, participants were given EMIQ® (2 mg aglycone equivalent)/kg body weight …

A Concept Analysis Of Psychological Distress In Parents Related To Diabetes Management In Children And Adolescents, Diana Arabiat, Mohammad Al Jabery, Lisa Whitehead

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose:

To report a concept analysis of parents' psychological distress in the context of diabetes management among children and adolescents. A clear understanding of the possible impact of diabetes management on parents will help to inform how nurses can work with parents to support glycaemic control in children and adolescents.

Design and Method:

Concept analysis using Walker and Avant's eight-stage approach was used as a guiding framework. PubMed, OVID (CINAHL, Medline, PsychInfo), the Cochrane library and the Joanna Briggs library were searched for the past 50 years.

Results:

Thirty-three studies provided data for the concept analysis. Attributes included difficulty coping, …

Association Of Flavonoids And Flavonoid-Rich Foods With All-Cause Mortality: The Blue Mountains Eye Study, Nicola P. Bondonno, Joshua R. Lewis, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Catherine P. Bondonno, John H. C. Shin, Kevin D. Croft, Richard J. Woodman, Germaine Wong, Wai H. Lim, Bamini Gopinath, Victoria M. Flood, Joanna Russell, Paul Mitchell, Jonathan M. Hodgson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background:

Higher intakes of flavonoids provide health benefits, however, the importance of each flavonoid class and which population groups may receive the greatest protection from higher flavonoid intake warrants further investigation.

Objective:

To explore the associations of flavonoid and flavonoid-rich wholefood intakes with all-cause mortality and the moderating effects of early mortality risk factors.

Design:

The study included 2349 participants of The Blue Mountains Eye Study, with a mean ± SD age at baseline of 64.7 ± 9.2 years. Flavonoid intake was calculated from baseline food frequency questionnaires using US Department of Agriculture food composition databases. Associations were examined using …

Rankl/Rank Promotes The Migration Of Gastric Cancer Cells By Interacting With Egfr, Xing Wan, Yongxi Song, Honghong Fang, Ling Xu, Xiaofang Che, Shuo Wang, Xiaomeng Zhang, Lingyun Zhang, Ce Li, Yibo Fan, Kezuo Hou, Zhi Li, Xueqing Wang, Yunpeng Liu, Xiujuan Qu

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

BACKGROUND: The incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer (GC) rank in top five among all malignant tumors. Chemokines and their receptor-signaling pathways reportedly play key roles in the metastasis of malignant tumor cells. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, with strong chemokine-like effects. Some studies have pointed out that the RANKL/RANK pathway is vital for the metastasis of cancer cells, but the specific mechanisms in GC remain poorly understood. RESULTS: This study reports original findings in cell culture models and in patients with GC. Flow cytometry and western …

Association Between The Triglyceride To High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio And The Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Chinese Elderly: The Beijing Longitudinal Study Of Aging, Dequiang Zheng, Haibin Li, Feiling Ai, Fei Sun, Manjot Singh, Xue Cao, Jiajia Jiang, Yan He, Zhe Tang, Xiuhua Guo

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Objective: Time-dependent covariates are generally available as longitudinal data were collected periodically in the cohort study. To examine whether time-dependent triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio could predict the future risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and assess its potential impact on the risk of T2DM incidence. Research design and methods: This study enrolled 1460 participants without T2DM aged 55 or above in 1992 in the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging during 25 years. The questionnaire data were collected in nine surveys from 1992 to 2017. Physical examination and blood laboratory tests including TG and HDL-C concentrations were …

Blood Sampling Through Peripheral Intravenous Cannulas: A Look At Current Practice In Australia, Hugh Davies, Linda L. Coventry, Alycia Jacob, Laurita Stoneman, Elisabeth Jacob

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Sampling blood from a peripheral intravenous cannula offers an alternative to venepuncture. This practice can reduce frequency of venepuncture and patient discomfort. Opponents argue the practice increases the chance of haemolysis, risk of infection and device failure. Aim: To describe the prevalence and practice of blood sampling from peripheral intravenous cannulas by Australian nurses. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and data were collected using an electronic survey. The survey examined Australian nurses’ practice of sampling blood from peripheral intravenous cannulas. Quantitative descriptive data was analysed and presented as frequencies, percentages, medians and ranges. Findings: A total …

Using Velocity To Predict The Maximum Dynamic Strength In The Power Clean, G. Gregory Haff, Amador Garcia-Ramos, Lachlan P. James

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The primary aim of the present study was to examine the commonly performed training exercise for athlete preparation. Twenty-two recreationally trained males (age: 26.3 ± 4.1 y, height: 1.80 ± 0.07 m; body mass (BM): 87.01 ± 13.75 kg, 1-repetitoon maximum(1-RM)/BM: 0.90 ± 0.19 kg) participated in the present study. All subjects had their 1-RM power clean tested with standard procedures. On a separate testing day, subjects performed three repetitions at 30% and 45%, and two repetitions at 70% and 80% of their 1-RM power clean. During all trials during both sessions, peak velocity (PV) and mean velocity (MV) were …

Plasma Transferrin And Hemopexin Are Associated With Altered Aβ Uptake And Cognitive Decline In Alzheimer’S Disease Pathology, Azhaar Ashraf, Nicholas J. Ashton, Pratishtha Chatterjee, Kathryn Goozee, Kaikai Shen, Jurgen Fripp, David Ames, Christopher Rowe, Colin L. Masters, Victor Villemagne, Abdul Hye, Ralph N. Martins, Po-Wah So, Aibl

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background:Heme and iron homeostasis is perturbed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); therefore, the aim of the studywas to examine the levels and association of heme with iron-binding plasma proteins in cognitively normal (CN),mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD individuals from the Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle FlagshipStudy of Ageing (AIBL) and Kerr Anglican Retirement Village Initiative in Ageing Health (KARVIAH) cohorts.Methods:Non-targeted proteomic analysis by high-resolution mass spectrometry was performed to quantify relativeprotein abundances in plasma samples from 144 CN individuals from the AIBL and 94 CN from KARVIAH cohorts and21 MCI and 25 AD from AIBL cohort. ANCOVA models were utilized …

Document Analysis Of Exertional Heat Illness Policies And Guidelines Published By Sports Organisations In Victoria, Australia, Prasanna J. Gamage, Caroline F. Finch, Lauren V. Fortington

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Objectives To conduct a document and content analysis of exertional heat illness (EHI)-related documents published by sports organisations in Victoria, Australia, in order to determine their scope and evidence base against current international best practice recommendations. Methods A qualitative document and content analysis. Official documents relating to EHI were identified through a search of 22 Victorian sport organisation websites, supplemented by a general internet search. The content of these documents was evaluated against recommendations presented in three current international position statements on prevention and management of EHI. Results A range of document types addressing EHI were identified (n= 25), including …

The Potential Of Ultraviolet Radiation Meters In Secondary Schools As A Sun Protection Intervention Mechanism For Adolescents, Simone Pettigrew, Ashleigh Parnell, Mark Strickland, Rachel Neale, Robyn Lucas

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether the installation of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) meters in secondary schools has the potential to improve adolescents’ sun protection‐related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours and reduce their exposure to UVR during school hours. Data were collected from students at two schools via online pre‐ and post‐intervention surveys, measurement of sunscreen usage, polysulfone UVR exposure badges, and photographs of the schoolyards to assess hat and shade use. Several operational issues limited the quantity and quality of data that could be collected, and findings were mixed. While there were no significant changes in either …

Evolution And Adaptation Of The Avian H7n9 Virus Into The Human Host, Andrew T. Bisset, Gerard F. Hoyne

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Influenza viruses arise from animal reservoirs, and have the potential to cause pandemics. In 2013, low pathogenic novel avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses emerged in China, resulting from the reassortment of avian-origin viruses. Following evolutionary changes, highly pathogenic strains of avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses emerged in late 2016. Changes in pathogenicity and virulence of H7N9 viruses have been linked to potential mutations in the viral glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), as well as the viral polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2). Recognizing that effective viral transmission of the influenza A virus (IAV) between humans requires efficient attachment to the upper respiratory …

Application Of A Brain-Inspired Spiking Neural Network Architecture To Odor Data Classification, Anup Vanarse, Josafath Israel Espinosa-Ramos, Adam Osseiran, Alexander Rassau, Nikola Kasabov

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Existing methods in neuromorphic olfaction mainly focus on implementing the data transformation based on the neurobiological architecture of the olfactory pathway. While the transformation is pivotal for the sparse spike-based representation of odor data, classification techniques based on the bio-computations of the higher brain areas, which process the spiking data for identification of odor, remain largely unexplored. This paper argues that brain-inspired spiking neural networks constitute a promising approach for the next generation of machine intelligence for odor data processing. Inspired by principles of brain information processing, here we propose the first spiking neural network method and associated deep machine …

Summary Of Cardiovascular Health Among Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People, Australian Indigenous Healthinfonet

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This Summary describes different types of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and how common they are among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. It highlights the differences in how groups of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people – such as women and men, or older and younger people – experience CVD. It describes some improvements in the cardiovascular health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. It also gives examples of the many good things that are being done on the ground to prevent illness and improve CVD care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Implementation, Mechanisms Of Impact And Key Contextual Factors Involved In Outcomes Of The Modification Of Diet, Exercise And Lifestyle (Model) Randomised Controlled Trial In Australian Adults: Protocol For A Mixed-Method Process Evaluation, Reindolf Anokye, Simone Radavelli-Bagatini, Catherine P. Bondonno, Marc Sim, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Emma Connolly, Nicola P. Bondonno, John T. Schousboe, Richard Woodman, Kun Zhu, Pawel Zhu, Ben Jackson, James Dimmock, Markus P. Schlaich, Kay L. Cox, Douglas P. Kiel, Wai H. Lim, Amanda Devine, Peter L. Thompson, Jenny Gianoudis, Belinda De Ross, Robin M. Daly, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Joshua Lewis, Mandy Stanley

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Introduction

The Modification of Diet, Exercise and Lifestyle (MODEL) study aims to examine the impact of providing visualisation and pictorial representation of advanced structural vascular disease (abdominal aortic calcification), on ‘healthful’ improvements to diet and lifestyle. This paper reports the protocol for the process evaluation for the MODEL study.

Methods and analysis

The overall aim of the process evaluation is to understand the processes that took place during participation in the MODEL study trial and which elements were effective or ineffective for influencing ‘healthful’ behavioural change, and possible ways of improvement to inform wider implementation strategies. A mixed-method approach will …

Association Of Myh9-Rs3752462 Polymorphisms With Chronic Kidney Disease Among Clinically Diagnosed Hypertensive Patients: A Case-Control Study In A Ghanaian Population, William K. Owiredu, Michael Appiah, Christian Obirikorang, Evans Asamoah Adu, Vincent Boima, Ernestine Kubi Amos-Abanyie, Priscilla Abena Akyaw, Eddie-Williams Owiredu, Emmanuel Acheampong

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant comorbidity among hypertensive patients. Polymorphisms in the non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9 gene (MYH9) have been demonstrated to be significantly associated with CKD, among African- and European-derived populations. We investigated the spectrum of MYH9-associated CKD among Ghanaian hypertensive patients. Methods: The study constituted a total of 264 hypertensive patients. Hypertensive patients with glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73m (CKD-EPI formula) or clinically diagnosed were defined as case subjects ( = 132) while those with eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73m were classified as control subjects ( = 132). Demographic data were obtained with a questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were taken. Five (5) millilitres (ml) of venous blood was drawn from study subjects into gel and EDTA vacutainer tubes. Two (2) mL of EDTA anticoagulated blood was used for genomic DNA extraction while three (3) mL of blood was processed to obtain serum for biochemical measurements. Genotyping of MYH9 polymorphisms (rs3752462) was done employing Tetra primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System (T-ARMS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Spot urine samples were also collected for urinalysis. Hardy-Weinberg population was assessed. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms and CKD. Results: The cases and control participants differed in terms of age, sex, family history, and duration of CKD (-value < 0.001). The minor allele frequencies of rs3752462 SNP were 0.820 and 0.567 respectively among the control and case subjects. Patients with the heterozygote genotype of rs3752462 (CT) were more likely to develop CKD [aOR = 7.82 (3.81-16.04)] whereas those with homozygote recessive variant (TT) were protective [aOR = 0.12 (0.06-0.25)]. Single nucleotide polymorphism of rs3752462 (CT genotype) was associated with increased proteinuria, albuminuria, and reduced eGFR. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that MYH9 polymorphisms exist among Ghanaian hypertensive patients and rs3752462 polymorphism of MYH9 is associated with CKD. This baseline indicates that further longitudinal and multi-institutional studies in larger cohorts in Ghana are warranted to evaluate MYH9 SNP as an independent predictor of CKD among hypertensive patients in Ghana.

Summary Of Nutrition Among Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People, Australian Indigenous Healthinfonet

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

No abstract provided.

Prevalence And Attributable Health Burden Of Chronic Respiratory Diseases, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2017, Joan B. Soriano, Parkes J. Kendrick, Katherine R. Paulson, Vinay Gupta, Elissa M. Abrams, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Tara Ballav Adhikari, Shailesh M. Advani, Anurag Agrawal, Elham Ahmadian, Fares Alahdab, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Khalid A. Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nahla Hamed Anber, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Mina Anjomshoa, Fereshteh Ansari, Josep M. Antó, Jalal Arabloo, Seyyede Masoume Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Nefsu Awoke, Alaa Badawi, Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub, Derrick A. Bennett, Isabela M. Bensenor, Kathleen S.Sachiko Berfield, Robert S. Bernstein, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Ali Bijani, Michael Brauer, Gene Bukhman, Zahid A. Butt, Luis Alberto Cámera, Josip Car, Juan J. Carrero, Felix Carvalho, Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Devasahayam J. Christopher, Aaron J. Cohen, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Anh Kim Dang, Ahmad Daryani, Barbora De Courten, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Jan-Walter De Neve, Rupak Desai, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Daniel Diaz, Abdel Douiri, Tim Robert Driscoll, Eyasu Ejeta Duken, Aziz Eftekhari, Hajer Elkout, Aman Yesuf Endries, Ibtihal Fadhil, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Masoud Foroutan, M. A. Garcia-Gordillo, Abadi Kahsu Gebre, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Aloke Gopal Ghoshal, Paramjit Singh Gill, Richard F. Gillum, Houman Goudarzi, Yuming Guo, Rajeev Gupta, Gessessew Bugssa Hailu, Amir Hasanzadeh, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Simon I. Hay, Chi Linh Hoang, Michael K. Hole, Nobuyuki Horita, H. Dean Hosgood, Mihaela Hostiuc, Mowafa Househ, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Milena D. Ilic, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Sharifu Lislam, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Amr A. Jamal, Ravi Prakash Jha, Jost B. Jonas, Zubair Kabir, Amir Kasaeian, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Adane Teshome Kefale, Andre Pascal Kengne, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khan, Jagdish Khubchandani, Young-Eun Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Sezer Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Luke D. Knibbs, Hamidreza Komaki, Parvaiz A. Koul, Ai Koyanagi, G. Anil Kumar, Qing Lan, Savita Lasrado, Paolo Lauriola, Carlo La Vecchia, Tham Thi Le, James Leigh, Miriam Levi, Shanshan Li, Alan D. Lopez, Paulo A. Lotufo, Fabiana Madotto, Narayan B. Mahotra, Marek Majdan, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Abdullah A. Mamun, Navid Manafi, Farzad Manafi, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Birhanu Geta Meharie, Hagazi Gebre Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Ritesh G. Menezes, Tomislav Mestrovic, Ted R. Miller, G. K. Mini, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Babak Moazen, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Shafiu Mohammed, Farnam Mohebi, Ali H. Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Lorenzo Monasta, Masoud Moradi, Ghobad Moradi, Lidia Morawska, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Kamarul Imran Musa, Ghulam Mustafa, Mehdi Naderi, Mohsen Naghavi, Gurudatta Naik, Sanjeev Nair, Vinay Nangia, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Javad Nazari, Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Molly R. Nixon, Richard Ofori-Asenso, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Andrew T. Olagunju, Tinuke O. Olagunju, Eyal Oren, Justin R. Ortiz, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Mahesh P. A., Smita Pakhale, Adrian Pana, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Eun-Kee Park, Hai Quang Pham, Maarten J. Postma, Hadi Pourjafar, Hossein Poustchi, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Robert C. Reiner Jr., Marissa Bettay Reitsma, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Elias Merdassa Roro, Gholamreza Roshandel, Kristina E. Rudd, Yogesh Damodar Sabde, Siamak Sabour, Basema Saddik, Saeed Safari, Komal Saleem, Abdallah M. Samy, Milena M. Santric-Milicevic, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Benn Sartorius, Maheswar Satpathy, Miloje Savic, Monika Sawhney, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Masood Ali Shaikh, Aziz Sheikh, Mika Shigematsu, Reza Shirkoohi, Si Si, Soraya Siabani, Virendra Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Michael Soljak, Ranjani Somayaji, Moslem Soofi, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Yonatal Mesfin Tefera, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Berhe Etsay Tesfay, Jarnail Singh Thakur, Alemayehu Toma Toma, Miguel Tortajada-Girbés, Khanh Bao Tran, Bach Xuan Tran, Lorainne Tudor Car, Irfan Ullah, Marco Vacante, Pascual R. Valdez, Job F. M. Van Boven, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Yousef Veisani, Francesco S. Violante, Gregory R. Wagner, Ronny Westerman, Charles D. A. Wolfe, Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash, Adam Belay Wondmieneh, Naohiro Yonemoto, Seok-Jun Yoon, Zoubida Zaidi, Mohammad Zamani, Heather J. Zar, Yunquan Zhang, Theo Vos, Gbd Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background: Previous attempts to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases have focused only on specific disease conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. In this study, we aimed to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases globally, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis on geographical and time trends from 1990 to 2017. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, we estimated the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality attributable …

First Age- And Gender-Matched Case-Control Study In Australia Examining The Possible Association Between Toxoplasma Gondii Infection And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Busselton Health Study, Aus Molan, Kazunori Nosaka, Michael Hunter, Jinxia Zhang, Xiaoni Meng, Manshu Song, Wei Wang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

An emerging field of research is starting to examine the association of infectious pathogens with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An understudied parasite of interest is Toxoplasma gondii. Globally, very few studies have been conducted to investigate this association. Additionally, very little data exists on the prevalence of T. gondii in the general Australian population. Our group sought to determine the prevalence, association, and risk factors between T. gondii infection and T2DM from a representative Australian human population. Through a cross-sectional, age-A nd gender-matched case-control study, 150 subjects with T2DM together with 150 control subjects from the Busselton Health Study …

The Effect Of Nordic Hamstring Exercise Intervention Volume On Eccentric Strength And Muscle Architecture Adaptations: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analyses, Matthew Cuthbert, Nicholas Ripley, John J. Mcmahon, Martin Evans, G. Gregory Haff, Paul Comfort

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Although performance of the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) has been shown to elicit adaptations that may reduce hamstring strain injury (HSI) risk and occurrence, compliance in NHE interventions in professional soccer teams is low despite a high occurrence of HSI in soccer. A possible reason for low compliance is the high dosages prescribed within the recommended interventions. The aim of this review was to investigate the effect of NHE-training volume on eccentric hamstring strength and biceps femoris fascicle length adaptations.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using the SPORTDiscus, Ovid, and PubMed databases. A total of 293 studies were …

Tnf-Block Genotypes Influence Susceptibility To Hiv-Associated Sensory Neuropathy In Indonesians And South Africans, Jessica Gaff, Fitri Octaviana, Prinisha Pillay, Huguette Gaelle Ngassa Mbenda, Ibnu A. Ariyanto, June Ann Gan, Catherine L. Cherry, Peter Kamerman, Simon M. Laws, Patricia Price

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

HIV-associated sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) is a disabling complication of HIV disease and antiretroviral therapies (ART). Since stavudine was removed from recommended treatment schedules, the prevalence of HIV-SN has declined and associated risk factors have changed. With stavudine, rs1799964*C (TNF-1031) associated with HIV-SN in Caucasians and Indonesians but not in South Africans. Here, we investigate associations between HIV-SN and rs1799964*C and 12 other polymorphisms spanning TNF and seven neighboring genes (the TNF-block) in Indonesians (n = 202; 34/168 cases) and South Africans (n = 75; 29/75 cases) treated without stavudine. Haplotypes were derived using fastPHASE and haplotype networks built with PopART. …

Role Of Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Vegf) As A Potential Biomarker Of Response To Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy In Advanced Melanoma: Results Of A Pilot Study, Muhammad A. Khattak, Afaf Abed, Anna L. Reid, Ashleigh C. Mcevoy, Michael Millward, Melanie Ziman, Elin S. Gray

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background:

The development of biomarkers predictive of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies in advanced melanoma is an area of great interest in oncology. Our study evaluated the potential role of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a predictive biomarker of clinical benefit and response to treatment with ICIs.

Methods:

Pre-treatment peripheral blood samples were obtained from advanced melanoma patients undergoing ICI therapy as monotherapy or in combination at two tertiary care hospitals in Western Australia. Serum VEGF levels were correlated with response to therapy and survival outcomes.

Results:

Serum VEGF samples were collected from a total of …

Co-Occurrence Across Time And Space Of Drug- And Cannabinoid- Exposure And Adverse Mental Health Outcomes In The National Survey Of Drug Use And Health: Combined Geotemporospatial And Causal Inference Analysis, Albert Stuart Reece, Gary Hulse

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Whilst many studies have linked increased drug and cannabis exposure to adverse mental health (MH) outcomes their effects on whole populations and geotemporospatial relationships are not well understood.

Methods

Ecological cohort study of National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) geographically-linked substate-shapefiles 2010–2012 and 2014–2016 supplemented by five-year US American Community Survey. Drugs: cigarettes, alcohol abuse, last-month cannabis use and last-year cocaine use. MH: any mental illness, major depressive illness, serious mental illness and suicidal thinking. Data analysis: two-stage, geotemporospatial, robust generalized linear regression and causal inference methods in R.

Results

410,138 NSDUH respondents. Average response rate 76.7%. …

Eftilagimod Alpha, A Soluble Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (Lag-3) Protein Plus Pembrolizumab In Patients With Metastatic Melanoma, Victoria Atkinson, Adnan Khattak, Andrew Haydon, Melissa Eastgate, Amitesh Roy, Prashanth Prithviraj, Christian Mueller, Chrystelle Brignone, Frederic Triebel

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. BACKGROUND: To evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of eftilagimod alpha (efti), a soluble lymphocyte activation gene-3 protein, in combination with the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antagonist pembrolizumab. METHODS: The study was divided into two parts; parts A and B, where part A was the dose escalation part and part B was an extension part of the study. Patients with metastatic melanoma were treated with efti plus the standard dose of pembrolizumab. Blood samples were assayed to determine …

Influence Of Strength Level On The Acute Post-Activation Performance Enhancement Following Flywheel And Free Weight Resistance Training, Borja Sañudo, Moisés De Hoyo, Guy Gregory Haff, Alejandro Muñoz-López

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This study aimed to compare the post-activation potentiation performance enhancement (PAPE) response to the acute inertial flywheel (FW) and free weight resistance training (TRA) on subsequent countermovement jump (CMJ) and sprint performance (10 m sprint). This study used a randomized crossover design including twenty-eight healthy males that were divided into strong (relative one-repetition maximum (1RM) back squat > 2.0 × body mass) and weak (relative 1RM back squat < 2.0 × body mass) groups. All participants performed the following: (a) three reps at 90% of their 1RM back squat (TRA) and (b) three reps on an inertial FW (plus one repetition to initiate flywheel movement) with an intensity that generated a mean propulsive velocity equal to that achieved with 90% of the 1RM back squat. Before and after the conditioning activity, participants performed two CMJs and two 10 m sprints. Within-group analyses showed significantly greater CMJ (d > 0.9, p < 0.001) and sprint performance (d > 0.5, p < 0.05) in the FW and the TRA group. Between-group analysis showed that sprint changes were significantly greater in the FW-strong group when compared with the TRA (F1,18 = 5.11, p = 0.036, η2p = 0.221—large) group. These results suggest that using a squat activation protocol on a FW may lead to an acute positive effect on jump and sprint performance, especially in stronger individuals.

Modelling Biological Age Based On Plasma Peptides In Han Chinese Adults, Weijie Cao, Deqiang Zheng, Guohua Wang, Jie Zhang, Siqi Ge, Manjot Singh, Hao Wang, Manshu Song, Dong Li, Wei Wang, Youxin Wang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Age-related disease burdens increased over time, and whether plasma peptides can be used to accurately predict age in order to explain the variation in biological indicators remains inadequately understood. Here we first developed a biological age model based on plasma peptides in 1890 Chinese Han adults. Based on mass spectrometry, 84 peptides were detected with masses in the range of 0.6-10.0 kDa, and 13 of these peptides were identified as known amino acid sequences. Five of these thirteen plasma peptides, including fragments of apolipoprotein A-I (m/z 2883.99), fibrinogen alpha chain (m/z 3060.13), complement C3 (m/z 2190.59), complement C4-A (m/z 1898.21), …