Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Dioscorea Polystachya 'Yam Gruel' On The Cognitive Function Of Diabetic Rats With Focal Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Via The Gut-Brain Axis, Shu Qin Pang, Zong Ting Luo, Carol Chunfeng Wang, Xue Pei Hong, Jian Zhou, Fang Chen, Li Ge, Xia Li, Yanling Dai, Yilan Wu, Jiahui Zhang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020 Pang et al. Published by IMR press. Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is closely related to hyperglycemia and gut microbiota imbalance, while gut microbiota contributes to the regulation of brain function through the gut-brain axis. Previous studies in patients with diabetes have found that 'yam gruel' is a classic medicated diet made from Dioscorea polystachya, increases the content of Bifidobacterium, regulates oxidative stress, and reduces fasting blood glucose levels. The research reported here investigated the effects of 'yam gruel' on the cognitive function of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and explored the mechanism underlying the role …

Identifying Who Improves Or Maintains Their Food Literacy Behaviours After Completing An Adult Program, Andrea Begley, Ellen Paynter, Lucy Butcher

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Food Sensations for Adults is a free four-week nutrition and cooking program that teaches low- to middle-income individuals food literacy. This research aimed to compare demographic characteristics of participants who completed the program’s follow-up questionnaire three months after program completion and assess whether food literacy and dietary behaviour changes were improved or maintained. Statistical analysis methods used factor scores of the plan and manage, selection, and preparation domains to examine mean self-reported changes in food literacy. Tertile stratification methods calculated changes in participants who had low, middle, and high end-of-program food literacy scores, and multivariable regression analysis explored the associations. …

Modification Of Diet, Exercise And Lifestyle (Model) Study: A Randomised Controlled Trial Protocol, Simone Radavelli-Bagatini, Catherine P. Bondonno, Marc Sim, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Reindolf Anokye, Emma Connolly, Nicola P. Bondonno, John T. Schousboe, Richard J. Woodman, Kun Zhu, Pawel Szulc, Ben Jackson, James Dimmock, Markus P. Schlaich, Kay L. Cox, Douglas P. Kiel, Wai H. Lim, Mandy Stanley, Amanda Devine, Peter L. Thompson, Jenny Gianoudis, Belinda De Ross, Robin M. Daly, Joshua Lewis, Jonathan M. Hodgson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Introduction Most cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related events could be prevented or substantially delayed with improved diet and lifestyle. Providing information on structural vascular disease may improve CVD risk factor management, but its impact on lifestyle change remains unclear. This study aims to determine whether providing visualisation and pictorial representation of structural vascular disease (abdominal aortic calcification (AAC)) can result in healthful diet and lifestyle change.

Methods and analysis This study, including men and women aged 60–80 years, is a 12-week, two-arm, multisite randomised controlled trial. At baseline, all participants will have AAC assessed from a lateral spine image captured using a …

Quantifying Dietary Vitamin K And Its Link To Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review, Claire R. Palmer, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Joshua R. Lewis, Natalie C. Ward, Carl J. Schultz, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Kevin D. Croft, Marc Sim

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Recent work suggests a link between vitamin K insufficiency and deficiency with vascular calcification, a marker of advanced atherosclerosis. Vitamin K refers to a group of fat-soluble vitamins important for blood coagulation, reducing inflammation, regulating blood calcium metabolism, as well as bone metabolism, all of which may play a role in promoting cardiovascular health. Presently, there is a lack of a comprehensive vitamin K database on individual foods, which are required to accurately calculate vitamin K1 and K2 intake for examination in epidemiological studies. This has likely contributed to …

Fruit And Vegetable Knowledge And Intake Within An Australian Population: The Ausdiab Study, Caroline R. Hill, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Simone Radavelli-Bagatini, Marc Sim, Richard J. Woodman, Amanda Devine, Jonathan E. Shaw, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Robin M. Daly, Joshua R. Lewis

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Understanding the relationship between fruit and vegetable knowledge (FVK) and fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) is an important consideration for improved public health and successful targeting of health promotion messaging. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between FVK and FVI in Australian adults and to identify subgroups most at risk of poor knowledge. Using data from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab), we investigated associations between FVK and FVI, as well as demographic and lifestyle factors. Baseline FVK was measured using two self-reported questions. FVI …

Characterizing The Composition Of The Pediatric Gut Microbiome: A Systematic Review, Kane E. Deering, Amanda Devine, Therese A. O’Sullivan, Johnny Lo, Mary C. Boyce, Claus T. Christophersen

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The consortium of trillions of microorganisms that live inside the human gut are integral to health. Little has been done to collate and characterize the microbiome of children. A systematic review was undertaken to address this gap (PROSPERO ID: CRD42018109599). MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched using the keywords: “healthy preadolescent children” and “gut microbiome” to 31 August 2018. Of the 815 journal articles, 42 met the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum, family, and genus taxonomic ranks. α-diversity, short chain fatty acid concentrations, diet, 16S rRNA sequencing region, and geographical location were …

Summary Of Nutrition Among Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People, Australian Indigenous Healthinfonet

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

No abstract provided.

Validation And Reliability Of The Alzheimer’S Disease-Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Food Frequency Questionnaire, Samantha L. Gardener, Philippa Lyons-Wall, Ralph Martins, Stephanie Rainey-Smith

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Accuracy in measuring intake of dietary constituents is an important issue in studies reporting the associations between diet and chronic diseases. We modified a Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to include foods of interest in the field of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research. The aim of the current study was to determine the reliability and validity of the AD-CSIROFFQ in 148 cognitively normal older adults. The AD-CSIROFFQ was completed before and after completion of a four-day weighed food record. Of the 508 food and beverage items reported, 309 had sufficient consumption levels for analysis of …

Rehabilitation Strategies Following Oesophagogastric And Hepatopancreaticobiliary Cancer (Restore Ii): A Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial, Linda O'Neill, Emer Guinan, Suzanne Doyle, Deirdre Connolly, Jacintha O'Sullivan, Annemarie Bennett, Grainne Sheill, Ricardo Segurado, Peter Knapp, Ciaran Fairman, Charles Normand, Justin Geoghegan, Kevin Conlon, John V. Reynolds, Juliette Hussey

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Curative treatment for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) and hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) cancers, involves complex surgical resection often in combination with neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemo/chemoradiotherapy. With advancing survival rates, there is an emergent cohort of UGI and HPB cancer survivors with physical and nutritional deficits, resultant from both the cancer and its treatments. Therefore, rehabilitation to counteract these impairments is required to maximise health related quality of life (HRQOL) in survivorship. The initial feasibility of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme for UGI survivors was established in the Rehabilitation Strategies following Oesophago-gastric Cancer (ReStOre) feasibility study and pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT). ReStOre II will now …

Implementation, Mechanisms Of Impact And Key Contextual Factors Involved In Outcomes Of The Modification Of Diet, Exercise And Lifestyle (Model) Randomised Controlled Trial In Australian Adults: Protocol For A Mixed-Method Process Evaluation, Reindolf Anokye, Simone Radavelli-Bagatini, Catherine P. Bondonno, Marc Sim, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Emma Connolly, Nicola P. Bondonno, John T. Schousboe, Richard Woodman, Kun Zhu, Pawel Zhu, Ben Jackson, James Dimmock, Markus P. Schlaich, Kay L. Cox, Douglas P. Kiel, Wai H. Lim, Amanda Devine, Peter L. Thompson, Jenny Gianoudis, Belinda De Ross, Robin M. Daly, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Joshua Lewis, Mandy Stanley

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Introduction

The Modification of Diet, Exercise and Lifestyle (MODEL) study aims to examine the impact of providing visualisation and pictorial representation of advanced structural vascular disease (abdominal aortic calcification), on ‘healthful’ improvements to diet and lifestyle. This paper reports the protocol for the process evaluation for the MODEL study.

Methods and analysis

The overall aim of the process evaluation is to understand the processes that took place during participation in the MODEL study trial and which elements were effective or ineffective for influencing ‘healthful’ behavioural change, and possible ways of improvement to inform wider implementation strategies. A mixed-method approach will …

Mediterranean Diet Adherence And Rate Of Cerebral Aβ-Amyloid Accumulation: Data From The Australian Imaging, Biomarkers And Lifestyle Study Of Ageing, Stephanie Rainey-Smith, Yian Gu, Samantha Gardener, James D Doecke, Victor L Villemagne, Belinda M Brown, Kevin Taddei, Simon M Laws, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Michael Weinborn, David Ames, Christopher Fowler, S Lance Macaulay, Paul Maruff, Colin L Masters, Olivier Salvado, Christopher C Rowe, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Ralph N. Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Accumulating research has linked Mediterranean diet (MeDi) adherence with slower cognitive decline and reduced Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. However, no study to-date has examined the relationship between MeDi adherence and accumulation of cerebral Aβ-amyloid (Aβ; a pathological hallmark of AD) in older adults. Cognitively normal healthy control participants of the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Study of Ageing completed the Cancer Council of Victoria Food Frequency Questionnaire at baseline, which was used to construct a MeDi score for each participant (score range 0-9; higher score indicating higher adherence). Cerebral Aβ load was quantified by Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission …

Weight Loss Strategies In Combat Sports And Concerning Habits In Mixed Martial Arts, Oliver R. Barley, Dale W. Chapman, Chris Abbiss

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Context:

Combat sports are typically divided into weight classes, and body-mass manipulation to reach a weight class is commonplace. Previous research suggests that weight loss practices in mixed martial arts (MMA) may be more extreme than in other combat sports.

Purpose:

To investigate the magnitude of weight loss and the prevalence of weight loss strategies in different combat sports.

Methods:

Competitors (N = 637) from Brazilian jiu-jitsu, boxing, judo, MMA, Muay Thai/kickboxing, taekwondo, and wrestling completed an online questionnaire seeking information regarding their weight loss practices.

Results:

Body-mass manipulation was commonly undertaken by all combat-sport athletes, …

Cruciferous And Allium Vegetable Intakes Are Inversely Associated With 15‐Year Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Deaths In Older Adult Women, Lauren Blekkenhorst, Catherine P. Bondonno, Joshua Lewis, Amanda Devine, Kun Zhu, Wai Lim, Richard Woodman, Lawrence Beilin, Richard Prince, Jonathan M. Hodgson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

Higher vegetable intake is consistently associated with lower atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD) events. However, the components responsible and mechanisms involved are uncertain. Nonnutritive phytochemicals may be involved. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations of total vegetable intake and types of vegetables grouped according to phytochemical constituents with ASVD mortality.

Methods and Results

The cohort consisted of 1226 Australian women aged 70 years and older without clinical ASVD or diabetes mellitus at baseline (1998). Vegetable intakes were calculated per serving (75 g/d) and were also classified into prespecified types relating to phytochemical constituents. ASVD‐related deaths were …

Regulation Of Core Body Temperature And The Immune System Determines Species Longevity, Ian J. Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The anti-aging gene Sirtuin 1 has now major relevance to genetics and the fields of pharmacology, toxicology, neuroscience, immunology, biochemistry and cell/molecular biology. Advances in anti-aging therapy are now essential to prevent mitochondrial apoptosis to promote longevity with the prevention of accelerated ageing. Calorie restriction that maintains the anti-aging gens changes the core body temperature and promotes species longevity. Stress and calorie consumption are sensitive to Sirt 1 function with relevance heat shock protein 70 metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. Sirt 1 regulation of the circadian rhythm mediates melatonin effects on core body temperature regulation and immune responses. Diet and fat …

Over-Provision Of Discretionary Foods At Childcare Dilutes The Nutritional Quality Of Diets For Children, Ruth M. Wallace, Leesa N. Costello, Amanda Devine

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The childcare setting can significantly influence the lifelong eating habits and health outcomes of children.It is ideal for health-promoting interventions that optimise the provision of nutritious food and nutrition education. Unfortunately, these interventions are neither offered nor promoted in many childcare settings. Recent studies have indicated an increased risk of overweight/obesity with childcare attendance, which if present in early life is associated with increased risk of chronic disease and reduced psychological wellbeing.

Integrating Diet And Exercise Into Care Of Prostate Cancer Patients On Androgen Deprivation Therapy, Mark A. Moyad, Robert Newton, Ulf W. Tunn, Damian Gruca

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Improved diagnosis and treatment regimens have resulted in greater longevity for men with prostate cancer. This has led to an increase in both androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) use and duration of exposure, and therefore to its associated adverse effects, such as sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis, reduced muscle mass, increased fat mass, and increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Given that the adverse effects of ADT are systemic, often debilitating, and difficult to treat, efforts continue in the development of new strategies for long-term management of prostate cancer. The PubMed database was searched to select trials, reviews, and meta-analyses …

Drug Therapy For Obesity With Anti-Aging Genes Modification, Ian J. Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Nutritional regulation and drug therapy has been the focus of the current obesity epidemic in various countries in the world. Epigenetics is the major mechanism for the development of insulin resistance and obesity with unhealthy diets, oxidative stress and environmental factors relevant to alterations in gene expression with effects on mitochondrial biogenesis, adipose tissue lipid metabolism and energy expenditure. Anti-aging genes are involved in the regulation of adipogenesis with increased sensitivity to anti-aging gene dysfunction associated with adipocyte-neuron interactions compared to other cells. Unhealthy diets downregulate adipocyte anti-aging genes associated with the development of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) …

Heat Shock Gene Sirtuin 1 Regulates Post-Prandial Lipid Metabolism With Relevance To Nutrition And Appetite Regulation In Diabetes, Ian J. Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

New discoveries in medicine are required to understand the importance of appetite regulation that is associated with the overconsumption of foodin Type 2 and Type 3 diabetes. Food restriction in diabetes is essential to maintain the hepatic metabolism of dietary fat with relevance to defective post-prandial lipid metabolism and to the global non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) epidemic [1,2]. Premature brain aging has become important with the development of Type 3 diabetesand Alzheimer’s disease [3] that is associated with repression of the anti-aging gene Sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1) relevant topost-prandial lipid metabolism, amyloid beta metabolism (peptide involved in amyloid …

Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides Change Membrane Fluidity With Relevance To Phospholipid And Amyloid Beta Dynamics In Alzheimer's Disease, Ian James Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and their increase in plasma in individuals in the developing world has become of major concern. LPS can transform cells by their rapid insertion into cell membranes that partition into cholesterol/sphingomyelin domains. LPS alter cell phospholipid dynamics associated with the recruitment of the Alzheimer’s disease amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide with the promotion of toxic Aβ oligomer formation. The common pattern of naturally occurring phospholipids such as1-palmitoyl-2-oleolyl-phosphatidylcholine in cells confers cells with the rapid transfer of Aβ and phospholipids. Phospholipids such as dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) are poorly transported with delayed metabolism of Aβ oligomers. …

Consistent Prebiotic Effect On Gut Microbiota With Altered Fodmap Intake In Patients With Crohn's Disease: A Randomised, Controlled Cross-Over Trial Of Well-Defined Diets, Emma P. Halmos, Claus T. Christophersen, Anthony R. Bird, Susan J. Shepherd, Jane G. Muir, Peter R. Gibson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

OBJECTIVES:

Altering FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols) intake has substantial effects on gut microbiota. This study aimed to investigate effects of altering FODMAP intake on markers of colonic health in patients with Crohn’s disease.

METHODS:

After evaluation of their habitual diet, 9 patients with clinically quiescent Crohn’s disease were randomised to 21 days of provided low or typical (“Australian”) FODMAP diets with ≥ 21-day washout in between. Five-day fecal samples were collected at the end of each diet and analyzed for calprotectin, pH, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and bacterial abundance. Gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded daily.

RESULTS:

Eight participants …

Diet And Nutrition Reverse Type 3 Diabetes And Accelerated Aging Linked To Global Chronic Diseases, Ian James Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The acceleration in the rate of chronic diseases that involve insulin resistance has become of global concern. The rate of the most prevalent chronic disease such as cardiovascular disease is linked to the metabolic syndrome, non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and other chronic diseases that include obesity, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. The gene-environment interaction in Western countries indicates that with urbanization access to food and its content may lead to induction of epigenetic alterations and identify the gene Sirtuin 1 (Sirt 1) to be responsible for the increased risk for insulin resistance and NAFLD relevant to Type 1, Type …

Food Quality Induces A Miscible Disease With Relevance To Alzheimer’S Disease And Neurological Diseases, Ian J. Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Food and nutrition guidelines for the handling and processing of fresh fruit, bread, and vegetables are essential and fresh produce may require cold preservation procedures to prevent minimal bacterial and fungi contamination of food. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) corrupt lipoprotein and amyloid beta (Aβ) metabolism in diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and various neurological diseases. In the developing world the increased plasma LPS levels induce non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and interfere with albumin and Aβ interactions with spontaneous Aβ oligomer formation in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain that leads to neuronapoptosis by inactivation of Starling’s equation that is responsible for the maintenance …

The Reliability Of An Adolescent Dietary Pattern Identified Using Reduced-Rank Regression: Comparison Of A Ffq And 3 D Food Record, Geeta Appannah, Gerda K. Pot, Therese A. O'Sullivan, Wendy H. Oddy, Susan A. Jebb, Gina L. Ambrosini

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Despite the increasing use of dietary patterns (DP) to study diet and health outcomes, relatively few studies have examined the reliability of DP using different dietary assessment methods. Reduced-rank regression (RRR) is an emerging statistical method that incorporates a priori information to characterise DP related to specific outcomes of interest. The aim of the present study was to compare DP identified using the RRR method in a FFQ with those in a 3 d food record (FR). Participants were 783 adolescents from the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Cohort Study who completed both a FFQ and FR at 14 years of …