Power and Energy Commons^™

Static Optimization Of Fuel Cell Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Sunday Julius Balogun

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This thesis focuses on the static optimization of a fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. The vehicle is been powered by three (3) sources of electrical energy. These sources of electrical energy are: fuel cell, supercapacitor, and lithium-ion battery.

The main target of this thesis is to make good the performance of a fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. This will be achieved by applying static optimization method on the dynamic equations of a moving hybrid vehicle.

The optimization model of this plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) was formulated bases on multiple objectives. The objective parameters are: cost, volume, and …

Modeling Of Small-Scale Wind Power System With Virtual Synchronous Generator, Sahithi Nannapaneni

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Wind power systems are the most commonly used systems for a renewable energy source over the past few decades. Most of the current wind turbines are large scale wind turbines which produce mega watts power. This thesis is prepared to develop a small scale wind turbine with axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator for regional areas and small commercial industries. This thesis mainly focuses on the Axial Flux PMSG which is a small scale prototype with the characteristics of the large scale wind turbine generator and having a super capacitor embedded in it. The first objective is to create the …

Modeling, Designing And Analysis Of A Standalone Pv Dc Microgrid System, Sharaf Sumaiya

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The increasing concern about global warming, the upsurge of oil prices, and pollution of petroleum energy has led scientists to search for cost-effective energy sources, for example, photovoltaics. Recently DC microgrids have also drawn more consideration because of the expanding use of direct current (DC) energy sources, energy storages and loads in power systems. First, as a groundwork, the 1D organic solar cell has been investigated that leads to design 3D organic solar cell. Then design and analysis of a standalone solar PV system with dc microgrid has been proposed to supply power for both DC and AC loads. The …

Predicting Energy And Water Consumption On Dairy Farms Through Statistical Analysis And Machine-Learning Methods, Philip Shine

Theses

With the abolishment of milking quotas across all European Union member states in April 2015, dairy farmers must adjust their farming practises to minimise milk production costs to adequately prepare for potential periods of reduced revenue. Milk production is an intense energy and water consuming process. Coupled with challenging European greenhouse gas reduction targets and legislation regarding the prevention of groundwater pollution and deterioration, increasing the production of milk in Ireland must be met with the sustainable consumption of on-farm energy and direct water resources, to ensure the future monetary and environmental sustainability of Ireland’s dairy industry. Thus, this body …

Nonlinear Stochastic Filtering For Online State Of Charge And Remaining Useful Life Estimation Of Lithium-Ion Battery, Suresh Daravath

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Battery state monitoring is one of the key techniques in Battery Management System (BMS). Accurate estimation can help to improve the system performance and to prolong the battery lifetime. The main challenges for the state online estimation of Li-ion batteries are the flat characteristic of open circuit voltage (OCV) with the function of the state of charge. Hence, the focus of this thesis study is to estimation of the state of charge (SOC) of Li-ion with high accuracy, more robustness. A 2nd order RC equivalent circuit model is adapted to battery model for simulation, mathematical model analysis, and dynamics characteristic …

Novel Technique Of Fabrication Of Porous Copper And Copper Oxide To Improve The Lithium Ion Battery Performance, Raju Prasad Ghimire

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Due to widespread and long-term application, Lithium-ion batteries are considered as promising power sources for portable devices, satellites, medical instruments, computers, electric vehicles and grid application. It started to occupy the market once Sony commercialized in 1991. Rechargeable lithium ion batteries drawing people attention due to their peculiar properties such as high energy density and low self-discharge compared to other alkali metals. However, these widespread and long-term applications still require better batteries in terms of performance, safety and cost, which can be achieved by better utilization of anode materials and/or an optimized design of battery configuration. There are several challenges …

Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Hosting Potential Of Historic Mill Sites In Humboldt County, California, Michael Avcollie

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The adoption of Redwood Coast Energy Authority’s (RCEA’s) Community Choice Energy program in May of 2017 across Humboldt County has sparked interest in locally produced energy from solar photovoltaics (PV). RCEA has a goal of bringing 5 Megawatts (MW) of local, utility-scale, solar PV under contract by 2018 and 15 MW by 2023. Humboldt County’s former mill sites offer features that make them suitable for hosting PV development. This study performed an inventory and analysis of these sites to answer two questions: Can Humboldt County’s former mill sites provide the hosting capacity for15 MW of local, utility-scale solar PV? Which …

Engineering Of Hole Transport And Perovskite Absorber Layers To Achieve High Efficiency And Stable Perovskite Solar Cells, Sally Mabrouk

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer tremendous potential for simple and low-cost solution-based fabrication with high power conversion efficiency, making it a promising renewable energy source alternative to the most common non-renewable energy sources as fossil fuels. The most widely used perovskite for solar cell applications is methylammonium lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3). The two structures for PSC are the regular nip device typically fabricated using Spiro- OMeTAD as a hole transport material (HTM), and the inverted pin device fabricated using PEDOT:PSS as a HTM. They have achieved over 20% power conversion efficiency. However, devices are not reproducible or stable and HTMs are …

Anomaly Inference Based On Heterogeneous Data Sources In An Electrical Distribution System, Yachen Tang

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Harnessing the heterogeneous data sets would improve system observability. While the current metering infrastructure in distribution network has been utilized for the operational purpose to tackle abnormal events, such as weather-related disturbance, the new normal we face today can be at a greater magnitude. Strengthening the inter-dependencies as well as incorporating new crowd-sourced information can enhance operational aspects such as system reconfigurability under extreme conditions. Such resilience is crucial to the recovery of any catastrophic events. In this dissertation, it is focused on the anomaly of potential foul play within an electrical distribution system, both primary and secondary networks as …

Low Power Wide Area Networks (Lpwan): Technology Review And Experimental Study On Mobility Effect, Dhaval Patel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the past decade, we have witnessed explosive growth in the number of low-power embedded and Internet-connected devices, reinforcing the new paradigm, Internet of Things (IoT). IoT devices like smartphones, home security systems, smart electric meters, garage parking indicators, etc., have penetrated deeply into our daily lives. These IoT devices are increasingly attached and operated in mobile objects like unmanned vehicles, trains, airplanes, etc. The low power wide area network (LPWAN), due to its long-range, low-power and low-cost communication capability, is actively considered by academia and industry as the future wireless communication standard for IoT. However, despite the increasing popularity …

Hosting Capacity Optimization In Modern Distribution Grids, Mansoor T. Alturki

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The availability of distributed renewable energy resources and the anticipated increase in new types of loads are changing the way electricity is being produced and supplied to consumers. This shift is moving away from a network delivering power solely from centralized power plants towards a decentralized network which supplements its power production by incorporating local distributed generators (DGs). However, the increased integration of DGs into existing distribution networks is impacting their behavior in terms of voltage profile, reliability, and power quality. To determine the maximum amount of DG that distribution grids can accommodate the concept of hosting capacity is introduced. …

Automated Cfd Optimization To Maximize Wind Farms Performance And Land Use, Rafael Valotta Rodrigues

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this research, a computational system was designed to analyze and optimize the layout of wind farms under variable operational conditions. At first, a wind turbine computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was developed covering the near wake. The near wake flow field was validated against near wake velocity data from the MEXICO experiment. The CFD simulation demonstrated that the tip speed ratio and the pitch angle greatly influence the near wake behavior, affecting the velocity deficit and the turbulence intensity profile in this region. The CFD model was extended to cover the far wake, aiming to become a computational tool …

Contributions To Hybrid Power Systems Incorporating Renewables For Desalination Systems, Nasser Alawhali

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

Renewable energy is one of the most reliable resource that can be used to generate the electricity. It is expected to be the most highly used resource for electricity generation in many countries in the world in the next few decades. Renewable energy resources can be used in several purposes. It can be used for electricity generation, water desalination and mining. Using renewable resources to desalinate the water has several advantages such as reduce the emission, save money and improve the public health. The research described in the thesis focuses on the analysis of using the renewable resources such as …

Energy Management System Of Hybrid Wayside Storage In Urban Railway Traction, Anil Rajpatei

Dissertations and Theses

In a city that never sleeps, NYC, also called the big apple, there is the largest population in the United States with close to 9 million people. In addition, it is the second wealthiest city in the world according to ranking by gross domestic product (GDP). Being such a densely populated city, people cannot only rely on their vehicles as the only source of commute. The alternative is to use mass transit. New York City Transit (NYCT) is the largest mass transit system that offers commuting services via subway or buses. More than half of the population rely on mass …

Electro-Mechanical-Thermal Modeling And Stability Of Pulsed Power Loads On A Dc Network, Joshua Allen Dillon

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Modern military aircraft are developing larger pulsed power loads varying from new weapon technologies to advanced avionics and other electrical equipment. Pulsing power loads emulate a pulse width modulated signal which have non-linear destabilizing effects on the electrical system. Additionally, these devices have thermal properties that can induce electrical stability issues at low and high temperatures and various pulsing load conditions. These non-linear electrical stability issues carry through to the mechanical and thermal systems of the aircraft and can damage components. The MATLAB/Simulink workspace is used to simulate a non-linear model of an aircraft’s electrical-mechanicalthermal (EMT) system. This system includes …

A Bayesian Network Approach To Battery Aging In Electric Vehicle Transportation And Grid Integration, Mehdi Jafari

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Nowadays, batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) are facing a variety of tasks in their connection to the power grid in addition to the main task, driving. All of these tasks play a very significant role in the battery aging, but they are highly variable due to the change in the driver behavior, grid connection availability and weather conditions. The effect of these external factors in the battery degradation have been studied in literature by mostly deterministic and some stochastic approaches, but limited to specific cases.

In this dissertation, first, a large-scale deterministic approach is implemented to evaluate the effect of …

Electrowetting Using A Microfluidic Kelvin Water Dropper, Elias Yazdanshenas, Qiang Tang, Xiaoyu Zhang

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

The Kelvin water dropper is an electrostatic generator that can generate high voltage electricity through water dripping. A conventional Kelvin water dropper converts the gravitational potential energy of water into electricity. Due to its low current output, Kelvin water droppers can only be used in limited cases that demand high voltage. In the present study, microfluidic Kelvin water droppers (MKWDs) were built in house to demonstrate a low-cost but accurately controlled miniature device for high voltage generation. The performance of the MKWDs was characterized using different channel diameters and flow rates. The best performed MKWD was then used to conduct …

Novel Contact Materials For Improved Performance Cdte Solar Cells, Angus Rocket, Robert Collins, Sylvain Marsillac

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This program has explored a number of novel materials for contacts to CdTe solar cells in order to reduce the back contact Schottky barrier to zero and produce an ohmic contact. The project tested a wide range of potential contact materials including TiN, ZrN, CuInSe₂:N, a-Si:H and alloys with C, and FeS₂. Improved contacts were achieved with FeS₂. As part of understanding the operation of the devices and controlling the deposition processes, a number of other important results were obtained. In the process of this project and following its conclusion it led to research …

Probing The Wave Nature Of Light-Matter Interaction, D. E. Boone, C. H. Jackson, A. T. Swecker, J. S. Hergenrather, K. S. Wenger, O. Kokhan, Balša Terzić, I. Melnikov, I. N. Ivanov, E. C. Stevens, G. Scarel

Physics Faculty Publications

The wave-particle duality of light is a controversial topic in modern physics. In this context, this work highlights the ability of the wave-nature of light on its own to account for the conservation of energy in light-matter interaction. Two simple fundamental properties of light as wave are involved: its period and its power P. The power P depends only on the amplitude of the wave’s electric and magnetic fields (Poynting’s vector), and can easily be measured with a power sensor for visible and infrared lasers. The advantage of such a wave-based approach is that it unveils unexpected effects of light’s …

Ball Oscillating Bouncer, Eric Blok, Daniel Altemese, Ryan Nowacki, Maram Qurban

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of this report is to document the need, objectives, marketing and engineering requirements, as well as validate the design of an autonomous control device capable of continuously bouncing a table tennis ball on a paddle. This includes the design of a self correcting system using lightweight materials, and as few sensors and components as possible to achieve a compact, portable design. To accomplish this, the system is designed to react to a ball falling from as short a distance as 10 centimeters above the paddle, meaning all sensor processing, control processing, and motor drives should be able to …

Design Of Shape-Conforming Nosecone For Optimal Fluid Flow From Transonic To Supersonic Range, Anna Tombazzi

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Modern flight vehicles, such as rockets, missiles, and airplanes, experience a force caused by forebody wave drag during the flight. This drag force is induced when the frontal point of each vehicle breaks the pressure wave during flight. Efforts to reduce this wave drag force to improve flight efficiency include modifying the nosecone profile of the flight vehicles to lower the drag force.

This project revolved around creating a design to make the transformation of nosecone shapes from a ¾ Parabolic profile to a ½ Power Series profile possible, mid-flight. Using a novel nosecone assembly, shape memory alloys (SMAs) and …

Wetting Properties Of Structured Interfaces Composed Of Surface-Attached Spherical Nanoparticles, Bishal Bhattarai

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, the effects of the external pressure and surface energy on stability and wetting transition at nanotextured interfaces are studied using molecular dynamics and continuum simulations. The surface roughness of the composite interface is modeled via an array of spherical nanoparticles with controlled wettability. It was found that in the absence of external pressure, the liquid interface is flat and its location relative to the solid substrate is determined by the radius of the particle and the local contact angle. With increasing pressure on the liquid film, its interface becomes more curved and the three-phase contact line is …

Testing Of Recursive And Non-Recursive Algorithms For Real-Time Phasor And Frequency Estimations In Power Systems, Dhruv Sharma

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Steady-state performance of various recursive and non-recursive algorithms are tested in this report according to the test signals given in the IEEE Standard C37.118.1-2011. Phase magnitude and phase angle of the power grid signals have been estimated using Discrete Fourier Transform (non-recursive), Discrete Fourier Transform (recursive), Least Square, and Wavelet Transform Algorithms. Frequency estimation is performed using Discrete Fourier Transform, Weighted Least Square, and Zero Crossing methods. These algorithms are evaluated in LabView software and tested by generating test signals in a Simulink model. Furthermore, Total Vector Error (TVE) is calculated using dynamic test signals as per the IEEE Standard …

Cyber-Based Contingency Analysis And Insurance Implications Of Power Grid, Zhiyuan Yang

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Cybersecurity for power communication infrastructure is a serious subject that has been discussed for a decade since the first North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) critical infrastructure protection (CIP) initiative in 2006. Its credibility on plausibility has been evidenced by attack events in the recent past. Although this is a "very high impact, rare probability" event, the establishment of quantitative measures would help asset owners in making a series of investment decisions. First, this dissertation tackles attackers' strategies based on the current communication architecture between remote IP-based (unmanned) power substations and energy control centers. Hypothetically, the identification of intrusion paths …

Economic Operation Of Typical Microgrids, Yuanzhen Guo

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

A microgrid is a subnetwork of power system that consists of a group of distributed energy sources and loads. It is designed to integrate distributed generation, loads, energy storage devices, converters, and monitoring and protection devices. Generally, a successful microgrid could run both in island mode (off-grid) and in grid-connected mode (on-grid), being able to convert between two modes at any time. With continuous development of the power system, distributed renewable generation unit accounts for an increasing proportion, since microgrid could effectively connect these generation units to the main grid, thereby improving the energy efficiency and the energy structure. Microgrid …

Stability Analysis And Design Of A Tracking Filter For Variable Frequency Applications, Pranav Aramane

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

The work presented in this thesis is a frequency adaptive tracking filter that can be used in exact tracking of power frequencies and rejection of unwanted harmonics introduced during power disturbances. The power synchronization process includes power converters and other equipment that have many non-linear components that introduce unwanted harmonics. This new design is motivated by the requirement of a filter that can filter all the harmonics and exactly track a rapidly varying fundamental frequency with little time delay and phase error. This thesis analyzes the proposed filter mathematically based on Lyapunov theory and simulations are presented to show the …

Distribution System Optimization With Integrated Distributed Generation, Sarmad Khaleel Ibrahim

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

In this dissertation, several volt-var optimization methods have been proposed to improve the expected performance of the distribution system using distributed renewable energy sources and conventional volt-var control equipment: photovoltaic inverter reactive power control for chance-constrained distribution system performance optimisation, integrated distribution system optimization using a chance-constrained formulation, integrated control of distribution system equipment and distributed generation inverters, and coordination of PV inverters and voltage regulators considering generation correlation and voltage quality constraints for loss minimization. Distributed generation sources (DGs) have important benefits, including the use of renewable resources, increased customer participation, and decreased losses. However, as the penetration level …

A Fault Location Algorithm For Unbalanced Distribution System Without Fault Type Information, Yizhe Li

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

Power system faults normally result in system damage, profit loss and consumer dissatisfaction. Consequently, there is a strong demand on precise and fast fault location estimation for power system to minimize the system restoration time.

This paper examines a method to locate short-circuit faults on a distribution system with unbalanced loads without fault type information. Bus impedance matrix technique was harnessed in the fault location estimation algorithm. The system data including line impedances, source impedance and distribution system layout was assumed to be known factors, hence pre-fault bus impedance can be calculated and implemented into the algorithm. Corresponding methods to …

Intelligent Methods For Optimum Online Adaptive Coordination Of Overcurrent Relays, Ke Xu

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

During the operation in a modern power distribution system, some abnormal events may happen, such as over-voltage, faults, under-frequency and overloading, and so on. These abnormal events may cause a power outage in a distribution system or damages on the equipment in a distribution system. Hence these abnormal events should be identified and isolated by protection systems as quickly as possible to make sure we can maintain a stable and reliable distribution system to supply adequate electric power to the largest number of consumers as we can. To sum up, we need stable and reliable protection systems to satisfy this …

Advanced Synchronous Machine Modeling, Yuqi Zhang

Theses and Dissertations--Electrical and Computer Engineering

The synchronous machine is one of the critical components of electric power systems. Modeling of synchronous machines is essential for power systems analyses. Electric machines are often interfaced with power electronic components. This work presents an advanced synchronous machine modeling, which emphasis on the modeling and simulation of systems that contain a mixture of synchronous machines and power electronic components. Such systems can be found in electric drive systems, dc power systems, renewable energy, and conventional synchronous machine excitation. Numerous models and formulations have been used to study synchronous machines in different applications. Herein, a unified derivation of the various …