Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Design And Calibration Of Submerged Open Channel Flow Measurement Structures: Part 1 - Submerged Flow, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt, Keith O. Eggleston

Reports

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Submergence In Flow Measuring Flumes, Gaylord V. V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt

Reports

Submerged flow exists in a measuring flume when a change in flow depth downstream from the flume causes a change in flow depth upstream for any particular constant value of discharge. When a change in tailwater depth does not affect the upstream depth, free flow exists. To evaluate the discharge under free-flow conditions, it is necessary to measure only a flow depth upstream from the contracted section (throat) of the flume, whereas two flow depths must be measured to evaluate the discharge under submerged-flow conditions. The two flow depths normally measured when submerged flow exists consist of the same upstream …

Subcritical Flow Over Highway Embankments, Gaylord V. V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt

Reports

Introduction: At Utah State University, considerable effort has been devoted to the analysis of submerged flow at open channel constrictions. A method of analyzing subcritical (submerged) flow has been developed for flumes. Because of previous findings, it was felt that this method of analyzing submerged flow could be applied to highway embankments. A highway embankment, when overtopped by flood waters, is a form of broad-crested weir. Being a weir, the flood discharge over the embankment is only a function of the upstream depth for free flow conditions. This paper will present a method for determining the discharge under submerged flow …

Brief Abstracts Of Some Papers On Seeding Agents, Jay D. Schiffman, Joel E. Fletcher

Reports

During the preparation of a work plan for a study of the atmospheric water resources in Utah, a number of publications were studied which presented information pertaining to agents used to modify weather. These publications have been compiled to eliminate repetition of this laborious task. Brief abstracts of these papers were prepared to help investigators determine whether or not they wish to see the original publications.

A Procedure For Determining The Feasibility Of Planned Conjunctive Use Of Surface And Ground Water, Barry C. Saunders

Reports

Improved management of water resources is one means for alleviating deficiencies in water supply. One promising management technique is integration of ground water and surface water supplies and storage unites, or planned conjunctive use. In order to assess the value of this technique in relations to a particular area or basin, it is necessary to look at the economic, hydrologic, and legal system as a whole. A planning procedure is developed which will enable feasibility to be determined at a minimum cost.

The procedure consists of determining legal constraints, estimating benefits which will accrue to additional water, estimating the quantity …

Application Of An Electronic Analog Computer For The Simulation Of Hydrologic Events On A Southwest Watershed, J. Paul Riley, Duane G. Chadwick

Reports

The hydrologic characteristics of watersheds in semiarid regions are dependent upon many variable and often interrelated factors. A quantitative knowledge of these factors and of their relative influence upon the system as a whole is needed in order to improve the efficiency of watershed management in these areas. In an attempt to develop a comprehensive simulation model of a semiarid watershed, research workers in the Agricultural Research Service considered the electronic quently signed with Utah State University. Analog modeling concepts are based upon the development of basic relationships which describe the various processes which occur within the surface hydrologic system …

Application Of An Electronic Analog Computer To The Problems Of River Basin Hydrology, J. Paul Riley, Duane G. Chadwick

Reports

As demands upon available water supplies increase, there is an accompanying increase in the need to assess the downstream consequences resulting from chances at specific locations within a hydrologic system. This problem was approached by electronic analog simulation of the hydrologic system. The complexity of a hydrologic model depends to a large extent upon the magnitude of the time and spatial increments utilized in the model. The increment size selected depends upon the types of problems to be solved. Three models are described, and in each succeeding model the definition in terms of time and/or space is improved. While the …

The Reliability Of Usu Telemetered Precipitation Data: 1. The Counter Precision Factor For 8 Inch By 36 Inch Gages, George W. Reynolds, Duane G. Chadwick

Reports

The telemetered precipitation data are read out as frequency or period numbers by an electronic counter. These counts are to be converted to inches of precipitation. The readout electronic count is within 1 count of the transmitted count.

This study applies only to the 8" x 36" cans

Using the frequency count readout gives a precision of +-.02" to +-.05 of water equivalence and varies between .02" and .04" when there is between 10" and 30" of water equivalence in the can.

Period counts give more precise measurements, ranging between +-.01" and +-.03" of precipitation over the whole scale. It …

Influences Of Exposure On Pan Evaporation In A Mountainous Area, Eugene L. Peck

Reports

The effects of exposure on pan evaporation rates were studied at the Davis County Experimental Watershed near Farmington, Utah, by operating a network of 12 class A evaporation stations on the watershed during the summer months of 1962 through 1966. Standard Weather Bureau observations on a daily basis were obtained from a total of 17 different sites representing widely idverse topography with a vertical range of 4, 630 feet. Deviations from mean relations with elevation on monthly values of observed meteorological factors were found to be related to the type of exposure. Dewpoint observations on different slopes were found to …

The Structure Of Turbulence In An Open Channel With Large Spherical Roughness Elements, Farooq Nazir

Reports

The present status of knowledge of turbulent flow is inadequate, especially in the case of rough open channels, for the formulation of a general theory. It is believed that more experimental data and the subsequent interpretation of these data are necessary before a workable theory can be formulated. Hence, a description of the turbulence present in a rough open channel can be valuable. For this study an artificially roughened bed 48 feet in length was placed in a channel 8 feet wide and 6 feet deep. Measurements were made of the following properties of turbulence at three different slopes: 1. …

Engineering For The Human Environment, Frank E. Moss

Reports

President's Introduction: The environment of man has been the subject of intensive studies in recent years as the dangers of pollution became increasingly evident. The atmostphere we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, all are endangered by defilement. Thre resolution of the conflict can came only through a asystematic reordering of the national way of life so that man himself will not fall victim to the wastes of his civilization. For forty years Utah State University has been vitally concerned with the problems of pollution. Utah State surveys and studies have revealed the effects of pollutants on …

Administrative Budget Needs 1967-69, Utah Water Research Laboratory

Reports

No abstract provided.

Proceedings Of A Symposium: Pollution Control Of Industrial Wastewaters, Calvin K. Sudweeks, Lynn M. Thatcher, Elmo Morgan, Franklin J. Agardy, R. E. Pailthorp, John C. Merrell Jr.

Reports

No abstract provided.

Groundwater Development In Arid Basins, Dean F. Peterson Jr., Harold E. Thomas, J H. Feth, P. H. Mcgauhey, James H. Milligan, Wayne D. Criddle, Judge Lewis Jones, Dallin W. Jensen, Calvin G. Clyde, Bartell C. Jensen, C. E. Jacob, Jay R. Bingham, E. O. Larson

Reports

Summary: Groundwater development frequently provides a means whereby tremendous new economic opportunities are opened up. If supplies are overdrawn (mined) the ensuing regional economy may be able to affort replacements from more costly sources. In the United States the Salt River Valley of Arizona and the valleys of California provide examples. Two cases are treated in this paper, Israel and West Pakistan. In Israel, besides furnishing more than half of the basic source of water suppply, groundwater development provides opportunity for both quantity and quality management, which makes possible use of surface supplies and reclaimed sewage as firm rather than …

Frequency And Magnitudes Of Monthly And Annual Flow Rates (As Determined By (A) A Normal Distribution (B) By Ranking (C) A Gamma Distribution And (D) By A Log Normal Distribution), Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

Background of Program: In developing a water resources atlas for the State of Utah it was necessary to determine the characterisitcs of stream flows within the State. The variations of stream flow for any given month from year to year as well as the variations from month to month throughout the year are important characterisitcs which are determined by analyzing the streamflow records to determine their probability distributions. The program which is descirbed in the following pages was written to determine the monthly as well as annual runoff amounts which might be expected for any number of specified levels of …

Frequency Analyses And Probable Storage Requirements By Frequency Mass Curve Methods, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

Background of Program: In devloping a water resources atlas for the State of Utah, numerous stream flow records were analyzed to determine their flow characteristics. The objective was to present the results in a format which is well adapted for use by water resources planners in preliminary designs to obtain optimum benefits from the water resources. The program described in this booklet was written to determine the probable amounds of storage required in order to meet specified levels of sustained demand for water. The method used not only gives information concerning amounts of storage but also information concerning the probably …

Finite Difference Solutions To Free-Surface Flow Through Nonhomogeneous Porous Media, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Feasibility Study Of A Capacitance-Type Electronic Sediment-Sensing Device, C. Earl Israelsen, Duane G. Chadwick

Reports

Difficulties caused by sediment carried in natural streams have existed since earliest times. Although instruments and techniques for measuring stream discharge have existed for many years, only recently have attempts been made to measure sediment carried by the streams. The earliest observations of sediment discharge in the United States were made by Captain Talcott in the Mississippi River in 1838 (1). More or less continuous samples of sediment from the Rio Grande have been collected by the United States Geological Survey since 1879, and from the Colorado River Basin since 1925. Studies of sediment transport are seriously hampered by the …

Reliability Of Can-Type Precipitation Gage Measurements, C Earl Israelsen

Reports

A comprehensive review of literature was made of studies conducted since 1952 pertaining to the accuracy of can-type precipitation gage measurements. Brief discussions are given of the results of some of them, and conclusions are drawn. Topics discussed include raingage comparisons, accuracy of precipitation measurements, precipitation gage errors, and precipitation measurements in mountains. A bibliography is included

Consecutive Streamflow Averages For 90 Utah Stations, A. Leon Huber

Reports

No abstract provided.

Mathematical Simulation Of Small Watershed Hydrologic Phenomena, V. V. Dhruva Narayana, Jay M. Bagley

Reports

In many hydrologic investigations concerning small watersheds, data and observations are totally inadequate to provide a basis for outflow hydrographs. Consequently, a variety of empirical approaches have been developed which have limited rational validity. Hydrograph synthesis offers a reasonable approach to predicting the outflow hydrograph characteristics. In order to synthesize a hydrograph, it is necessary to mathematically describe the physical behavior of the dynamic processes involved in the hydrologic phenomena. Hydrograph synthesis may be considered to comprise (a) hydrographs (actual or simulated) of precipitation, (b) hydrographs of abstractions such as interception, infiltration, and depressional storage, (c) routing or translating the …

Using Remote Infrared Sensors To Detect Changes In Moisture Conditions On Natural Watersheds, Ralph D. Briscoe, Frank W. Haws

Reports

Foreword: This report summarizes the results of laboratory measurements of the infrared reflectance of selected living plants typical of the natural watersheds in northern Utah. Data indicate that the IR reflectance decreases as the moisture content of the soil decreases and the moisture tension in the soil increases. Additional data will be collected in the field to confirm the results and to further tests the feasibility of using IR reflectance of vegetation as an indicator of soil moisture conditions on the watershed. Mr. Briscoe, Research Physicist, has been responsible for the gathering of laboratory data and has written the manuscript …

Highway Construction In Windblown Silts Of Western Kentucky, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

It has been shown that engineering experience and performance histories of earthwork structures and foundations in distinctive physiographic regions provide valuable insights applicable to the planning and construction of future projects. Geologic information further categorizes earth materials on the basis of parent material and geologic processes which modify the rock and soil masses. A knowledge of the resulting topographic expression or landforms and reference to geologic and soils information contained in surveys, reports, and maps is particularly useful in the early stages of planning and site selection. When sufficient information is available, regional units may be recognized for the purpose …

Skid Testing With An Automobile, Rolands L. Rizenbergs, Hugh A. Ward

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A study was conducted to evaluate the theoretical and practical aspects of using an automobile as a testing device for measurement of pavement slipperiness. Every parameter and significant event in the excursion history of a skidding automobile was measured and recorded. The resultant skid-resistance values, twenty-five in all, were compared and correlated. As a result of the study, the measurement of time in the velocity increment between 30 mph to 20 mph was selected as an interim standard test. A number of experiments were also conducted to aid in the interpretation of test results and to establish control tolerances for …

Matrix Computer Analysis Of Curvilinear Grid Systems, David Leon Fenton

Doctoral Dissertations

"A general equilibrium-stiffness method of matrix structural analysis was adapted and applied to the solution of the member end forces and moments of each of the members in a curvilinear structural grid system. A structural system of this nature is commonly used as the supporting framework for a "steel-framed dome", in addition to being a basic structural component in many aerospace applications. An integral part of the development of the analysis was the development of a computer program to perform the many complex operations required to obtain the solution. The engineer, by supplying the appropriate structural data and load data …

Some Effects Of Nickel On The Microbial Population Of Activated Sludge, Virgil Eugene Carr

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of nickel on the microbial population of activated sludge, to establish a relationship between effluent quality and changes in microbial population, and to determine the fate of nickel applied. Five one liter fill and draw activated sludge units were fed settled domestic sewage and received constant daily nickel doses of 1-10 mg/l, and a 50 mg/l slug dose applied after 27-30 days of operation. The parameters used were the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the effluent and membrane filtered effluent, mixed liquor and effluent total suspended solids, mixed liquor volatile …

The Influence Of A Fixed Failure Plane On The Direct Shear Test, Kenneth Hodges Bell

Masters Theses

"The analysis of the direct or box shear test for determining the shear strength of a soil makes use of the assumption that the failure plane coincides with the plane of separation between the two halves of the box. Hvorsley, Roscoe, Hansen and others have theorized and experimentally shown that this is not always the case. The stress distributions on the failure plane, however it may be oriented, are not as uniform as generally assumed. This investigation was carried out to compare direct shear tests run on granular, air dry material where the failure was allowed to take place naturally …

The Measurement Of Explosively Induced Stresses In Rock-Like Materials With A Capacitive Transducer, Vincent Paul Crane

Masters Theses

"A capacitive transducer was developed for measuring the free surface motion in Hydrostone blocks loaded by an explosive plane wave generator approximately one foot from the specimen. The charge to specimen distance was adjusted to produce a single spall, the position of the fracture being noted on the recovered specimen. The longitudinal wave velocity in each specimen was determined by the ultrasonic pulse technique before each shot. From the above measurements the stress, strain and strain rate at the point of fracture were determined. An attempt was made to determine the actual fracture time with imbedded [sic] conductive graphite rods, …

Quality Of Surface And Subsurface Water In A Missouri Carbonate Karst Terrain (Dry Fork, Norman, And Benton Creek Watersheds), James Chi Huang

Masters Theses

"Little is known about the effect of carbonate karst terrain on water quality in the United States. Karst topography occurs over a large portion of Missouri and over a significant part of other midwestern states. The objectives of this study were the determination of the quality of surface and subsurface water in carbonate karst terrain and the investigation and evaluation of the effect of rainfall and runoff on water quality in the Meramec Spring area, east of Rolla, Missouri, during both the dry and wet seasons over the period of one year. Water samples were collected at a large number …

A Study Of The Compressibility Of Silty Soils., Marvin L. Byington

Masters Theses

"This study has been conducted to determine the applicability of the Terzaghi Theory of Consolidation and to determine the compressibility of silt soils with varying clay content. A pure silt was extracted from the Lebanon Silt Loam and mixed with varying amounts of the Onyx Cave Illite-Chlorite Clay. The compressibility of these mixtures was determined and an attempt made to apply the Terzaghi Theory in the analysis. It was found that the compressibility of soils high in silt content is very low. It was also found that the Terzaghi Theory may be applied to mixtures of 15 percent or more …