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Articles 34711 - 34740 of 40066

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

A Low Rise Hospital Development On Restored Opencast Fill, W. M. Kilkenny Jun 1988

A Low Rise Hospital Development On Restored Opencast Fill, W. M. Kilkenny

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An extensive low-rise hospital development has taken place since 1982 on a former opencast coal mining site 30 years after working and restoration. The clay and shale fill some 20 metres deep was placed without systematic compaction. Five separate site investigations have been carried out at different times during the last 20 years and a detailed engineering geological mapping exercise was completed in 1977. Drainage works and the main buildings in Scheme 1 and 2 have been monitored during and after construction. Significant settlements have occurred requiring some remedial work. A surcharge and inundation trial has been undertaken prior to …

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Complementing Radiologic Data With Geology – A Case History, Dennis Mcgrane Jun 1988

Complementing Radiologic Data With Geology – A Case History, Dennis Mcgrane

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The goal in characterizing radioactively contaminated soil is to quantify the degree of contamination and its parameters. A cost effective, small scale characterization is done by performing a surface radiological survey with subsurface data coming from boreholes augered in a tight grid pattern. Confidence in the between-hole extrapolations depends on the grid size. However, at the widely contaminated site in Maywood, New Jersey a grid width of 100 feet was the only economical choice. Accurate contamination parameters were determined despite the wide hole spacings once geologists and health physicists learned how local geologic conditions controlled the contamination's location and extent. …

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Disposal Of Phenolic Waters From A Producer Gas Plant, Dorairaja Raghu, Hsin-Neng Hsieh Jun 1988

Disposal Of Phenolic Waters From A Producer Gas Plant, Dorairaja Raghu, Hsin-Neng Hsieh

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Phenolic waters are generated in a producer gas plant in India. Since harmful environmental effects can result even with low concentrations of phenol in water, its disposal poses a problem. Four options for disposal were considered. One of these options considered involves disposal in a earthen pond situated close to a river. In order to avoid river pollution by possible seepage of phenolic waste, geotechnical aspects have to be considered. For each option, cost analysis is performed. This paper d1scusses as to how the final disposal technique is decided taking into account all the relevant aspects of the problem.

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Failure And Reconstruction Of A Waste Containment Pond Slope, Dorairaja Raghu, Robert J. Van Orden Jun 1988

Failure And Reconstruction Of A Waste Containment Pond Slope, Dorairaja Raghu, Robert J. Van Orden

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A portion of a slope of a subsurface waste containment cell failed. It is believed that this failure could be attributed to a sudden drawdown condition caused by the pumping of treated wastewater effluent stored inside the cell prior to construction of the permanent liner. This conclusion seems to be in agreement with the results of a stability analysis conducted utilizing post-failure slope profile data. A discussion of the analysis of the failure and the reconstruction of the slope is presented in this paper.

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Implementation Of Remedial Measures To Contain A Pcb Spill, M. D. Huag, J. Atwater, R. B. Knight, P. Kozicki, A. Lissey Jun 1988

Implementation Of Remedial Measures To Contain A Pcb Spill, M. D. Huag, J. Atwater, R. B. Knight, P. Kozicki, A. Lissey

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A large spill of Polychlorinated Biphenols (PCB's) occurred at Federal Pioneer Limited's Regina Plant in 1976. The City of Regina is underlain by a relatively shallow aquifer which supplies a significant proportion of its drinking water. A remedial measures plan was developed to contain this spill within the boundaries of the site and clean up any contamination which had spread to adjacent property. The remedial measures plan developed involved limiting or reversing the normal downward hydraulic gradient. The three principle measures introduced to accomplish this reversal included the construction of a cutoff wall around the site, installation of a thick …

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A Novel Low Cost Drum Diaphragm Wall For Landslide Control In The Himalaya, R. K. Bhandari Jun 1988

A Novel Low Cost Drum Diaphragm Wall For Landslide Control In The Himalaya, R. K. Bhandari

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Construction of masonry and reinforced cement concrete .retaining walls are common as a measure of landslide control in the Himalayan region. They are usually very expensive and call for import of cement, steel, stones, sand and water from long distances. The paper spotlights a novel technology of constructing anchored drum diaphragm retaining walls which make use of slope waste material itself for wall construction, saving to the tune of 40 per cent in cost. Utilization of slope debris in turn minimizes hazards due to debris flow, rockfalls, etc. and other mass movements.

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Construction Of Hydel Power House In Weak Rocks, K. K. Kapoor, S. C. Patodiya Jun 1988

Construction Of Hydel Power House In Weak Rocks, K. K. Kapoor, S. C. Patodiya

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Geological uncertainties have always played an important role in planning of a hydel power house. This paper presents case study of a power house which was subjected to major revisions in its planning due to inherent instabilities in rock slopes. Initially the power house was planned with service bay and other facilities on its left hand side, but the weak and instable slopes and sliding of large rock masses necessitated its thorough revision by bringing service bay and other facilities to its right hand side along with addition of many new features and flattening of slopes. There were many alternatives …

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Coring Of Soft Soil-Like Rock Material, Marc C. Bétournay, C. Mirza, K. C. Lau Jun 1988

Coring Of Soft Soil-Like Rock Material, Marc C. Bétournay, C. Mirza, K. C. Lau

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A new coring technique is described for the sampling of highly altered rock. This and an innovative field survey method were developed to supply valid and representative data for numerical modelling of openings in this soil-like material. The results were not only reflective of in situ behaviour, but successful enough to be adopted for the sampling and modelling of other highly altered surface crown pillar masses, mining structures in need of better design methods.

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Distress In A Hill And Remedial Measures, N. M. Patel Jun 1988

Distress In A Hill And Remedial Measures, N. M. Patel

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper presents a case study of a hill which developed signs of distress in 1979-80. Retaining and breast walls provided at many locations on the hill had been damaged and laterally shifted, indicating some movement in the hill. It created anxiety since big water tanks were supported on top of the bill. The distress in the bill were attributed to poor drainage of hill water, weaker sections of walls, dumping of loose lateritic material on the slopes, formation of erosion gullies etc. The bill was stabilized by removing these signs of distress with suitable remedial measures which are functioning …

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Failure Of A Transport Tunnel Below A Dolomite Stockpile, B. B. Broms, Y. S. Lau Jun 1988

Failure Of A Transport Tunnel Below A Dolomite Stockpile, B. B. Broms, Y. S. Lau

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The failure of a 3 m x 4 m transport tunnel constructed below a dolomite stockpile has been investigated. It was found that the cracking of the reinforced concrete lining had most likely been caused by lateral distortion (sidesway) of the tunnel. The transverse shears across the tunnel roof and in the residual soil below the stockpile caused by the sloping stockpile were very high. The average shear stress even exceeded the shear strength of the weathered material around the tunnel. It is thus important to consider the transverse shear forces across the roof slab and the horizontal shear stresses …

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Foundation Investigation And Treatment For The Main Dam, Italpu Project, John G. Cabrera Jun 1988

Foundation Investigation And Treatment For The Main Dam, Italpu Project, John G. Cabrera

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

After selection of the site for this major hydroelectric project on the Upper Parana River, initial borings in the river bed revealed an extremely fractured zone near the base of the dense basalt flow on which the main dam would be founded. This zone was later seen to correspond to intersecting faults beneath the river bed, therefore upon dewatering the river channel several exploratory tunnels were driven parallel and perpendicular to the dam axis, foreseeing their incorporation into an elaborate "shear key" system to prevent renewed movements of the shear zones. The tunnel grid was backfilled with concrete through holes …

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Geo-Engineering Problems In The Spillway Foundations And Their Treatment At Guhai Reservoir Project In Gujurat, India, D. M. Pancholi, K. E. Modhwadia, P. H. Vaidya Jun 1988

Geo-Engineering Problems In The Spillway Foundations And Their Treatment At Guhai Reservoir Project In Gujurat, India, D. M. Pancholi, K. E. Modhwadia, P. H. Vaidya

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

During the initial stage of construction of a 23 m high composite dam across the Guhai river, the downstream dipping sedimentary rock sequence of conglomerate, sandstone and shale resting unconformably over quartzite and schist was encountered as a surprise during the excavation of the foundation. Besides, an 8 to 8.5 m wide major fault zone along with three minor faults running across the dam axis were also noticed. Extensive subsurface investigations to study the nature and characteristics of sedimentary rocks, fault zones, etc. met with in the foundations were undertaken concurrently with the construction activity. As a result, the construction …

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Geotechnical Characterization Of Subsoil Deposits At Cairo, Mohamed A. El-Sohby, S. Ossama Mazen Jun 1988

Geotechnical Characterization Of Subsoil Deposits At Cairo, Mohamed A. El-Sohby, S. Ossama Mazen

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

As a result of considering the historical aspects in Cairo subsoil at different stages of its development, soil deposits in the alluvial plain in Cairo area could be identified and classified on their origin into limited number of major types. Their distribution could be produced on maps on which classes of engineering significance are recognized. The boundaries between map units have been drawn separating areas of equal origin and characteristics. Verification of soil profile from field investigation indicated complete agreement with the previous characterization based on theoretical considerations.

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Grouting A Water Tower Foundation In A Carbonate Formation, Dorairaja Raghu, David Antes, Joseph J. Lifrieri Jun 1988

Grouting A Water Tower Foundation In A Carbonate Formation, Dorairaja Raghu, David Antes, Joseph J. Lifrieri

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Grouting the cavities in cavernous carbonate formations is one of the techniques employed to achieve reliable bearing support for structures founded in and on such rock units. For this purpose, conventional exploration methods, such as test borings and geophysical measurements, can be employed to obtain the necessary subsurface data; but, they are usually limited in extent, expensive, time consuming, and can be misleading. These limitations can be overcome by employing percussion probing techniques. A case history is cited wherein percussion probing was successfully employed.

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Johnston City School, Mine Subsidence Or Shallow Foundation Problem?, Alphonse C. Van Besien, Nolan B. Aughenbaugh Jun 1988

Johnston City School, Mine Subsidence Or Shallow Foundation Problem?, Alphonse C. Van Besien, Nolan B. Aughenbaugh

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Johnston City, a small community in southern Illinois, lies above the Herrin (Illinois No. 6) coal seam. The community has experienced sporadic episodes of surface subsidence due to the collapse of underground mines since the 1930's. Although the mining company left a large block of coal beneath the town's elementary school to prevent subsidence damage to the structure, large cracks appeared in the school building in December, 1971. After the building was razed, construction of a new school was initiated in 1974. Approximately six months after the start of construction, new evidence of structural distress was observed in 'the still-uncompleted …

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Prevision Of The Bearing Capacity Of Superficial Foundation On Jointed Rock, Marangos Christos Jun 1988

Prevision Of The Bearing Capacity Of Superficial Foundation On Jointed Rock, Marangos Christos

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The article describes the application, in Greece, of an approximate resolution of the prevision of the superficial foundation bearing capacity of a school building group on jointed granite. The method is based on the mechanics of the discontinuous media. On a sufficient number of a canvas points which is situated on the critical section under the foundation, the developing shear stresses are defined, based on the elastic theory, and they are compared with the variable -into the various directions- shear strength of the jointed rock. The resulted data conduct to the setting of boundaries of plastic zones which allow the …

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Rock Mass Behaviour Assessment For Large Cavern In Rock, A. K. Dube, B. Singh Jun 1988

Rock Mass Behaviour Assessment For Large Cavern In Rock, A. K. Dube, B. Singh

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A large power house cavern (22m x 50m x 250m) is proposed to be excavated for installing a 1000 MW hydroelectric power plant for Tehri Dam Project. The gorge chosen for the dam is very narrow and the topography is rugged and inhospitable. This dampened the process of preconstruction investigations. A number of tunnels were constructed for various project structures in the vicinity of the cavern. This provided an excellent opportunity to study the rock mass behaviour. Tunnel closure and rock loads were monitored with the help of instruments. Deformation moduli were also determined for different rock grades with the …

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Slope Stabilization Measures For Kirkwood Penstock, Early Intake, California, K. D. Weaver, D. J. Gross, L. T. Bauer Jun 1988

Slope Stabilization Measures For Kirkwood Penstock, Early Intake, California, K. D. Weaver, D. J. Gross, L. T. Bauer

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Kirkwood Penstock, located in a deep, steep-sided canyon near .Yosemite National Park, California, is an integral part of the Hetch Hetchy system, which conveys water from the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the city of San Francisco, California. A heavy rainfall approximately 17 years following construction of the facility triggered settlement of the foundation. Measures undertaken to arrest this settlement included consolidation grouting, construction of facilities to divert surface runoff away from the penstock, and installation of a geomembrane to prevent infiltration of rainfall and snow melt in the vicinity of the penstock. No evidence of further settlement has been detected …

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Study Of Some Debris Avalanches In Garwal Himalaya, India, H. C. Nainwal, Y. P. Sundriyal, C. Prasad Jun 1988

Study Of Some Debris Avalanches In Garwal Himalaya, India, H. C. Nainwal, Y. P. Sundriyal, C. Prasad

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This study was carried out in the Alaknanda - Dhauliganga catchment area, located in the north and northeast of Joshimath in the Garfiwal Himalaya. The snow fields, cirques and the related glaciers are located above the altitude approximate 4000 meters, while the river valley have a mean altitude of around 2000 meters. The strategic roads viz. Joshimath-Badrinath and Joshimath-Nitipass pass through this area with a number of villages along with their cultivated land are located along the roads. These roads are often blocked on huge debris avalanches not only damage the road, but also the cultivated land and forests. The …

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Subsidence Movements And Structural Damage Related To An Abandoned Coal Mine, Y. P. Chugh, K. Chandrashekhar, R. J. Missavage Jun 1988

Subsidence Movements And Structural Damage Related To An Abandoned Coal Mine, Y. P. Chugh, K. Chandrashekhar, R. J. Missavage

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An area in southwestern Illinois has been experiencing surface and subsurface movements with associated damage to surface structures. The area is underlain by an abandoned, partially extracted room-and-pillar underground coal mine. Instrumentation included TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry), Inclinometers, Sondex, Tiltplates, and precision land surveys. This paper presents the results of a 16-month cooperative study between the Department of Mining Engineering at SIUC and a local coal company.

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The Great Landslides In The East-Maritza Open-Cast Mines (Bulgaria) – A Theoretical Paradox In The Engineering Geology, Kiril Anguelov Jun 1988

The Great Landslides In The East-Maritza Open-Cast Mines (Bulgaria) – A Theoretical Paradox In The Engineering Geology, Kiril Anguelov

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The exploitation of the opencast mines in the East-Maritza coal basin was proceeded of detailed explorations and analysis of the engineering geological conditions. Nevertheless, one of the greatest landslides in the engineering geological practice occurred within the period of 1966 - 1968. The volume of the sliding masses reached 30 - 75 x 106 m3. These landslides made questionable some of the classic formulations of the soil mechanics and engineering geodynamics, as for instance: - the possibility of formation of sliding surfaces with inclination opposite to the direction of sliding; - the validity of the Coulomb-Navier's law …

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Use Of Geophysical Methods In A Geotechnical Investigation, K. H. Earley, D. Rudenko Jun 1988

Use Of Geophysical Methods In A Geotechnical Investigation, K. H. Earley, D. Rudenko

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes a case study in which a geotechnical investigation encountered complex subsurface conditions requiring geophysical methods to supplement test boring data. Electromagnetic (EM) and seismic refraction methods were used to model subsurface conditions at the site of a proposed three-story office building. The three investigative techniques used in this study all revealed bedrock to be at a shallow depth. The test borings provided vertical resolution while the EM and seismic studies yielded lateral resolution. Good correlation was achieved when comparing the results of each method. The EM and seismic methods in conjunction with a test boring program can …

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A Proposed Procedure For The Identification Of Dispersive Soils, H. J. Von M. Harmse, F. A. Gerber Jun 1988

A Proposed Procedure For The Identification Of Dispersive Soils, H. J. Von M. Harmse, F. A. Gerber

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The piping failure of the Senekal dam and many other small dams in South Africa, despite the use of apparently sound material and good control during construction, emphasizes the need for a method to unambiguously identify dispersive soils. Physical and chemical tests of one hundred and seventy soil samples were evaluated against the double hydrometer method, after removal of free salts. The chemical methods based on characterization of the exchange complex (CEC and ESP) gave consistently more reliable results than the physical tests, such as the pinhole, crumb and sticky point tests and even the double hydrometer test when free …

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Colbond Drains For Rapid Consolidation At Manggar Besar Dam, M. C. Goel, Achmad Zainiko, J. L. Surabaya Jun 1988

Colbond Drains For Rapid Consolidation At Manggar Besar Dam, M. C. Goel, Achmad Zainiko, J. L. Surabaya

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

7. 3m high and 280 m long Manggar Besar homogeneous earthen dam resting on 12. 0 m thick soft silty clay, is under construction to supply water to the city of Balikpapan in Kalimantan island of Indonesia. To accelerate the anticipated 1. 6 m settlement of dam, 30 cm wide strip type drains (Colbond CX 1000) using polyester no-woven fabric are being used 3m centre to centre. It is expected that 70 percent consolidation shall take place within thirteen months of construction by these drains.

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Comprehensive Seepage Assessment: Beaver Dam, Arkansas, J. L. Llopis, C. M. Deaver, D. K. Butler, S. C. Hartung Jun 1988

Comprehensive Seepage Assessment: Beaver Dam, Arkansas, J. L. Llopis, C. M. Deaver, D. K. Butler, S. C. Hartung

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A general philosophy of the role of engineering geology and engineering geophysics in seepage assessment is presented. Practical application of this philosophy is illustrated by a case history. A large dike continues to have anomalous seepage in spite of pre-construction and postconstruction grouting. The dike is founded over a graben of cavernous limestone with about a 200-ft. vertical offset along the bounding fault zones, which are horizontally separated by about 1000 ft. Objectives of the seepage assessment program were to define the geological and hydrological conditions beneath the dike in sufficient detail to allow rational remedial planning. Integration of results …

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Construction Problems With An Earth And Rockfill Dam, Hasan Hejazi Jun 1988

Construction Problems With An Earth And Rockfill Dam, Hasan Hejazi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Earth and rockfill dams became popular in the 1960's primarily because of increased heights of dams, poor foundation conditions that rule out concrete dams, and vast improvements in excavation and vibratory compaction equipment. Such equipment made excavation and processing of rock and placement of rockfill much more economical than in the past. Due to the unique composition and the critical zone construction of earth and rockfill dams, they are subject to different types of problems. Some problems may be discovered and corrected during construction. Such problems cause changes in contract documents and delays in work, as in the case of …

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Deformation Response Of Some Earth And Rock-Fill Dams, T. Ramamurthy, S. L. Jain Jun 1988

Deformation Response Of Some Earth And Rock-Fill Dams, T. Ramamurthy, S. L. Jain

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Vertical compressional data obtained from 10 earth and earth rock fill darns built in India has been analysed for during construction and post-construction response. The performance of these darns has been compared with some darns built in USA wherein the construction practices have been similar. The contributions of various factors, namely height of embankment, gradation and plasticity of soil, and placement conditions of moisture and density have been examined. A major portion of the total compression occurred by the end of construction. These compressions were found to be the functions of the height of the embankment. Both the compressions across …

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Dike Reconstruction Polder Oudendijk, J. A. Van Herpen, J. De Pee Jun 1988

Dike Reconstruction Polder Oudendijk, J. A. Van Herpen, J. De Pee

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Reconstruction of dikes on soft subsoil is a common practice in the Netherlands. However in recent years some slidings of innerslopes have occurred in the execution phase due to very large and rapidly placed replenishments. Therefore investigations have been made for new methods to determine the short term stability of the soil structures. This paper describes the problems experienced during the reconstruction of a polder dike in the western part of the Netherlands, based on which several new methods are tested.

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Failure Of Railway Embankment, J. Christodoulias, H. Giannaros Jun 1988

Failure Of Railway Embankment, J. Christodoulias, H. Giannaros

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This article deals with the failure of a railway embankment in North Peloponese. The geotechnical investigation that followed aimed to specify the causes of the failure. The results of the above investigation are presented, an evaluation of the causes of failure is discussed and the remedial measures which 'have been taken are thoroughly described.

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Field Observation And Finite Element Analysis Of A Subway Excavation, Roberto Azevedo, Luis Anibal Santos Jun 1988

Field Observation And Finite Element Analysis Of A Subway Excavation, Roberto Azevedo, Luis Anibal Santos

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper analyzes a braced excavation executed during the construction of Rio de Janeiro City subway along a street (Catete Street) in which several old and historical buildings existed and should be preserved. The excavation had an average depth of 13 meters and was executed almost ten years ago in a subsoil in which the principal problems were caused by a 6 meters thick loose sand layer, underlaid by a 4 meter thick silty organic clay layer. Several buildings were damaged and had to be repaired. The objective of this paper is to show that even using the incomplete laboratory …

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