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Articles 34681 - 34710 of 40071

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Caisson Load Test And Instrumentation Program – Sohio Corporate Headquarters, Barry R. Christopher, Clyde N. Baker Jr. Jun 1988

Caisson Load Test And Instrumentation Program – Sohio Corporate Headquarters, Barry R. Christopher, Clyde N. Baker Jr.

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Sohio Corporate Headquarters building foundations in Cleveland, Ohio are relatively unique, involving as they do some of the deepest caissons on record, combined with a socket friction design. This paper reports the performance of a full-scale load test and the results of instrumentation programs performed to evaluate the design and performance of 240-ft (73 m) deep rock socket caissons at the Sohio Corporate Headquarters building project. The load test was carried out to 2.5 times the theoretical design capacity and the results are reviewed in terms of both total capacity and the individual design parameters, such as socket friction. …

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Case Histories In Seismic Response Analysis, W. D. Liam Finn Jun 1988

Case Histories In Seismic Response Analysis, W. D. Liam Finn

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The reliability and utility of dynamic response analysis in geotechnical engineering is explored by a series of case histories. A detailed study of the seismic response of Mexico City sites during the 1985 earthquake shows clearly the limitations of present methods for estimating the appropriate input motions for analysis and the necessity of using a suite of representative input motions. Analyses of seismic soil-structure interaction are conducted on centrifuged models subjected to simulated earthquake loading. Finally the seismic response of a tailings dam is investigated using nonlinear dynamic effective stress analysis.

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Collapsing Peak Up Of A Large Highway Steel Pipe-Arch, Minh Phong Luong Jun 1988

Collapsing Peak Up Of A Large Highway Steel Pipe-Arch, Minh Phong Luong

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This case history reports the collapse of a large highway steel pipe-arch (8.12 m rise - 10.95 m span), occurring just when backfilling reached the top of the arch. No fill was placed on top as backfilling proceeded; the arch raised, thereby flattening side radius. It shows that stability in a soil-structure interaction system requires not only adequate design of the structure barrel, it also presumes a well engineered backfill. Performance of the flexible steel pipe-arch in retaining its shape and structural integrity depends greatly on placement and compaction of the envelope of earth surrounding the structure and distributing its …

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Common-Sense Foundation Design, Sven Hansbo Jun 1988

Common-Sense Foundation Design, Sven Hansbo

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In this paper, two case records are presented as an illustration of the advantages of using what one might call "common sense" foundation design. The first case is an illustrative example of the detrimental effects on older buildings that can be caused by traditional piling in non-cohesive soil. The possibilities of avoiding damage by application of a less rigid foundation design method are discussed. Thus, having access to more sophisticated soil investigation methods than those originally used, it can be shown that a mixed foundation, partly on settlement reducing piles and partly on shallow footings would have been possible. The …

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Correlation Between The Actual And Predicted Settlements Of Structures At Nsukka, Nigeria, H. O. Chukweze Jun 1988

Correlation Between The Actual And Predicted Settlements Of Structures At Nsukka, Nigeria, H. O. Chukweze

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The paper compares the measured and calculated settlements of two buildings and one concrete water tank founded on the red-weathered soils of Nsukka, Nigeria. Prior to actual construction of the structures the three sites were investigated, soil samples were collected and tested in the laboratory and the data collected were used to predict the total and differential settlements of the structures. Then permanent concrete slabs were established as bases at each of the three sites for observing other points. The theodolite was used at each of the sites to monitor the movements of each of the structures, starting from the …

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Damage To Masonry Structures In The Historic Center Of Arezzo (Tuscany, Italy) Following The Excavation Of A Sewer Tunnel, A. Ghinelli, G. Vannucchi Jun 1988

Damage To Masonry Structures In The Historic Center Of Arezzo (Tuscany, Italy) Following The Excavation Of A Sewer Tunnel, A. Ghinelli, G. Vannucchi

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The work carried out in the 1983-84 period for the building of a sewer line at a shallow depth in the historic center of Arezzo (Tuscany - Italy) caused serious damage to many of the masonry structures. For a depth of 6-7 m., the foundation underground is made of a thick deposit of eterogeneous soils, mainly clayey silt of medium or soft consistency, including elements of gravel, boulders and organic sediment. The tunnel has a circular section, its external diameter being 1.90 m, cover 3.40 - 5.20 m, and the work was carried out using a shield. The method of …

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Design And Construction Of Anchored And Strutted Sheet Pile Walls In Soft Clay, Bengt B. Broms Jun 1988

Design And Construction Of Anchored And Strutted Sheet Pile Walls In Soft Clay, Bengt B. Broms

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The design and construction of anchored and strutted sheet pile walls in soft clay are reviewed in the paper based on experience gained mainly in Singapore during the last 10 years where mainly strutted sheet pile walls and contiguous bored piles are used. It is important to consider in the design also the high lateral earth pressures on the sheet piles below the bottom of the excavation when the depth of the excavation is large compared with the shear strength of the clay. The strut loads and the maximum bending moment in the sheet piles can be considerable higher than …

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Design And Field Monitoring Of 70 Foot High Tied Anchor Retaining Wall, Nolasco P. Angeles, Ulrich W. Stoil Jun 1988

Design And Field Monitoring Of 70 Foot High Tied Anchor Retaining Wall, Nolasco P. Angeles, Ulrich W. Stoil

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Temporary tied anchor retaining walls have been used extensively where deep excavations are required. However, permanent tied anchor retaining walls to provide lateral support along one side of a multi-story building are seldom utilized. The wall was monitored for deflection and tie load changes during and after construction. A partial detensioning program was instituted in order to maintain the design stresses.

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Design, Construction And Performance Of A Deep Excavation In Soft Clay, Richard Riker, David Dailer Jun 1988

Design, Construction And Performance Of A Deep Excavation In Soft Clay, Richard Riker, David Dailer

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A deep internally braced excavation in soft clay was performed for a pump station at a sewage treatment plant in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The design was influenced by the limited site area; potential for bearing capacity failure and/or hydrostatic blowout in the bottom of the excavation; and the necessity to limit ground deformation outside the excavation to protect existing structures and utilities. A performance specification and design was prepared by the owner's engineer. The design included minimum earth and hydrostatic lateral loading conditions to be used by the contractor, a minimum depth of penetration for the earth support system, and a …

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Distress To Structures On Loose Ash And Cinder Fills, Moustafa A. Gouda, I. Wayne Lippincott, D. Raghu Jun 1988

Distress To Structures On Loose Ash And Cinder Fills, Moustafa A. Gouda, I. Wayne Lippincott, D. Raghu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Logan Section of the City of Philadelphia, that encompasses 17 city blocks and includes 997 "row type" dwellings, was constructed in the early 1900s. It is reported that settlement of these structures has continued since their construction. In 1986, a Geotechnical Investigation, commissioned by the City of Philadelphia, revealed that a total of two to three feet of settlement, with as much as one to two feet of differential settlement, has taken place. Recent measurements indicated that settlement is still in progress. This settlement has resulted in severe structural damage and, in some cases, collapse of the buildings. One …

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Foundation Failure Of The St. Thomas Church, New Delhi, Devendra Sharma Jun 1988

Foundation Failure Of The St. Thomas Church, New Delhi, Devendra Sharma

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The St. Thomas Church was built in 1933 in New Delhi. By oversight it was founded on a graveyard having graves at two levels. The comparatively heavy rains of 1958 and 1964 showed wide spread damage by differential settlement and tilting of tower. During the investigations in 1959 by the Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, the earlier history of the site and church was examined. It was found that excessive damage had occurred in 1943 also and underpinning of foundations and buttressing of walls was done to arrest it. Collapse of graves below the foundations was the reason for damage …

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Full- Scale Load Test Of Caisson On Chicago Hardpan, Stephen A. Bucher, Raymond J. Krizek, Dimitrios K. Atmatzidis Jun 1988

Full- Scale Load Test Of Caisson On Chicago Hardpan, Stephen A. Bucher, Raymond J. Krizek, Dimitrios K. Atmatzidis

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The results of a full-scale load test on a belled caisson bearing on hardpan in the downtown Chicago area are presented herein and are discussed in terms of current design practice and the results of other pertinent full-scale tests and a small-scale model test. Current specifications for allowable bearing pressures are shown to be conservative, and previously established settlement limits required to mobilize side resistance are reconfirmed. The settlement measured during the test is in good agreement with that predicted by use of pressuremeter test data. The confinement of the bell in a hard clay layer appears to be beneficial …

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Large Horizontal Displacements Of Houses In Rotterdam, G. Hannink, A. F. Van Tol Jun 1988

Large Horizontal Displacements Of Houses In Rotterdam, G. Hannink, A. F. Van Tol

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In 1983 it was established that six blocks of terrace houses in Rotterdam had undergone large horizontal displacements. These displacements were caused by insufficient stability of the adjacent quay and as a result one of the blocks had moved as much as 2.5 m since 1958. The foundation piles of the houses were not designed to resist any horizontal loading. As a result of these large horizontal movements the piles had deflected to such an extent that complete failure was feared. This paper describes the remedial measures that were taken to improve the stability of the quay and foundations of …

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Model Test Of Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall, A. S. Stipho Jun 1988

Model Test Of Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall, A. S. Stipho

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Reinforced Earth techniques are fast growing procedures within geotechnical engineering practice. The ease and flexibility of the techniques make them widely accepted. In the last two decades, considerable advances have been realized in utilization of concepts in retaining structures. The analysis and design procedures for earth reinforced retaining walls had been exercised within Rankin and Mohr Coulomb theory. An earth retaining model wall was designed according to Mohr Coulomb theory with minimum factor of safety. The wall was constructed in the laboratory in much the same way as the large walls in the fields. The wall was then brought to …

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Partial Underpinning A Five-Storey Building, Phung Duc Long, Nguyen Van Quang, Bo Berggren Jun 1988

Partial Underpinning A Five-Storey Building, Phung Duc Long, Nguyen Van Quang, Bo Berggren

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Partial underpinning is often not accepted because of dangerous damage that may be caused by the redistribution of stresses in the superstructure. A five-storey building was partially underpinned successfully. To give stability to the building only a small number of piles, about 70% fewer than with the conventional method, were used. The results observed have proved the success of the partial underpinning.

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Reconstruction Of The Settlement History Of Building, G. Hannink Jun 1988

Reconstruction Of The Settlement History Of Building, G. Hannink

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Although it is a well-known fact that buildings can settle, it is often not known how much settlement has occurred since the construction. Three case studies in the Netherlands are presented which deal with the following questions: has the settlement process stopped or is it continuing and if so, what settlements can still be expected in the future? All three cases show large settlements of up to a maximum of 0.8 m since construction. This paper shows how the magnitude of the settlement since the construction can be reconstructed by analysing settlement data, covering only a relatively short period of …

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Repair And Rehabilitation Of A Residential Building At Nile River In Cairo, Sayed Abdel-Salam, Mohsen Mashhour Jun 1988

Repair And Rehabilitation Of A Residential Building At Nile River In Cairo, Sayed Abdel-Salam, Mohsen Mashhour

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Five floors were added to a six storey building during its construction without carrying out necessary structural calculations. When such calculations were later performed they revealed that both the spread footing foundation and many columns were unsafe. The contact pressure beneath footings exceeded the allowable soil pressure. The repair method described in this paper depended on disregarding the spread footing foundation and constructing a new deep foundation system for the existing building. This consisted of end bearing bored piles drilled and cast in the voids between the footings using a special low rise rig. The piles were connected to a …

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The Effects Of Mining Subsidence On A Motorway Bridge, C. J. F. P. Jones Jun 1988

The Effects Of Mining Subsidence On A Motorway Bridge, C. J. F. P. Jones

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Mining subsidence causes ground movements which are imposed on any structure in the area of influence. Bridges are particularly susceptible to subsidence, which frequently causes damage and occasionally collapse. Special bridge designs have been developed to cater for mining subsidence. This paper provides details of the performance of such a structure subjected to significant ground strain.

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Axial Load Capacities Of Steel Pipe Piles In Sand, Roy E. Olson, Khalil Al-Shafei Jun 1988

Axial Load Capacities Of Steel Pipe Piles In Sand, Roy E. Olson, Khalil Al-Shafei

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The 1986 API method was used to predict the capacities of steel pipe piles, in predominantly cohesionless soils, for thirty three axial load tests. The ratio of calculated to measured capacities (QC/QM) was found to range from 0.15 to 3.0 with a mean QC/QM of 0.74. Reconsideration of the soil properties in terms of standard penetration resistances, made it possible to reduce the scatter to the range of 0.65 to 1.23 with a mean value of 0.93. The large errors previously existing for short piles were eliminated. Analyses were equally accurate for piles in compression and tension. The factor of …

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Driven Pile Foundation In Coral Sand, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Waddah Akili Jun 1988

Driven Pile Foundation In Coral Sand, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Waddah Akili

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Tubular steel piles, 1.42 meter in diameter, were driven into coral and coral contaminated sands to support marine structures on the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. The paper describes the design evolution process, highlights the pile test program conducted on site to verify design and compares pile design penetration with actual penetration lengths. Despite corrections introduced to the design using site-specific load tests; the final design overestimated capacities in over 50 per cent of the total piles driven. The unpredictable and erratic pile behaviour observed during pile driving ascertains the need for more appropriate pile design and installation methodology …

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Prediction And Performance Of Piles Under Static And Dynamic Loads, Shamsher Prakash, Karunakar Sreerama, Sally Prakash Jun 1988

Prediction And Performance Of Piles Under Static And Dynamic Loads, Shamsher Prakash, Karunakar Sreerama, Sally Prakash

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Pile driving changes the soil properties for use in analysis of piles under lateral static and dynamic loads. In this study, the analytical predictions of pile group use soil and pile data obtained from tests on a single pile. The group predictions are compared with field and laboratory test results for both static and dynamic lateral response. A reasonably good agreement is found between the computed and measured dynamic response.

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Simulation Of Drilled Pier Behavior Under Three-Dimensional Loading, M. M. Zaman, I. Houssamy Jun 1988

Simulation Of Drilled Pier Behavior Under Three-Dimensional Loading, M. M. Zaman, I. Houssamy

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element procedure is presented for analysis of drilled (concrete) piers. The procedure allows for tensile cracking and compressive crushing of concrete, nonlinear behavior of soil, and simultaneous application of axial and lateral loads. The procedure is employed to investigate the ultimate capacity of a 45° under reamed pier. The predicted results are compared with the field test conducted on a similar pier. Also, distribution of displacements and stresses in the soil-pier system and crack pattern in the pier are presented and discussed.

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Preface, Shamsher Prakash Jun 1988

Preface, Shamsher Prakash

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Conference Snapshots, Multiple Participants Jun 1988

Conference Snapshots, Multiple Participants

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Construction Of A Double Tunnel With Ground Windows, Helmut Meissner, Günter Borm Jun 1988

Construction Of A Double Tunnel With Ground Windows, Helmut Meissner, Günter Borm

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A double tunnel of 6.3 m height has been driven in loess underground of low friction and relatively large capillary cohesion. To attain a tunnel climate corresponding to natural underground conditions, earth windows were provided along the side walls of the tunnel. The portal was supported by steel profiles, anchors and a shotcrete layer. The stability of the retaining construction was ensured by two independent methods. A preexcavation of the tunnel was found to be necessary. The works were performed simultaneously with excavation of the hillside facing the portal. The tunnel lining consists of reinforced shotcrete. The bearing behaviour of …

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Deformation Behavior Of Wilford Hall Hospital Mat, Lawrence D. Johnson Jun 1988

Deformation Behavior Of Wilford Hall Hospital Mat, Lawrence D. Johnson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The vertical deformation behavior of the 3.5-ft thick mat supporting an 11-story addition to the Wilford Hall Hospital complex near San Antonio, Texas was investigated to determine the mode of deformation and to develop a procedure for estimating the effective stiffness of the foundation soil. The observed distortion pattern is dish-shaped and consistent with that of a plate on a semi-infinite elastic foundation. Measured displacements are consistent with displacements calculated by a plate on elastic foundation finite element program using effective elastic soil moduli between 2,943 and 4,000 kips /square foot and poisson's ratio 0.3. An equation was derived for …

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Drainage Walling As Excavation Support, Bernhard Wietek Jun 1988

Drainage Walling As Excavation Support, Bernhard Wietek

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In practice there are different processes which are used to support excavations and to maintain the groundwater level in excavations which go down to this level. In urban areas the diaphragm wall is frequently used to protect the excavation and as underground water packing against groundwater flowing in from the side. In addition, the lowering of groundwater is necessary using a well point within the excavation. A new foundation trench sheeting has been developed by the author of this paper. This new method is an improvement on the diaphragm wall by which not only is the earth shored up, but …

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Dynamic Compaction – An Unusual Application, Byongmu Song, Michel Gambin Jun 1988

Dynamic Compaction – An Unusual Application, Byongmu Song, Michel Gambin

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The site for the U.S. Air Force 750-bed medical contingency complex which is located approximately 10 miles west of Pusan, Korea is geotechnically adverse. Approximately 30 feet of saturated loose fine sand overlies about 180 feet of Pleistocene fluvial and marine sediments. The upper 90 feet of Pleistocene sediments are in a state of under-consolidation, and moisture contents are generally higher than the liquid limits with SPT N values of about three. 30 feet of loose sand was densified by dynamic compaction and the test results indicated that foundation performance satisfied the contract specifications. A considerable economy, in both cost …

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Performance Of Prefabricated Drains In Soft Soils, R. David Charles Jun 1988

Performance Of Prefabricated Drains In Soft Soils, R. David Charles

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The use of vertical drains to accelerate the consolidation of soft soils has become a cost effective alternative to the use of pile foundations at many sites. This paper presents a case history of the use of vertical drains to accelerate the consolidation of 20 to 25 feet of low shear strength, highly compressible soils, under embankments of 12 to 25 feet in height. Two separate vertical drain installations at the project site allowed the use of a shallow foundation system for approximately one-half of the foundations. This resulted in a significant savings in foundation costs and allowed an ambitious …

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The Performance Behaviour Of A Grain Silo Foundation In Jeddah Supported On Stone Columns, D. L. Jones, G. J. Macdonald, M. H. Golder Jun 1988

The Performance Behaviour Of A Grain Silo Foundation In Jeddah Supported On Stone Columns, D. L. Jones, G. J. Macdonald, M. H. Golder

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes the ground treatment carried out and the subsequent load settlement behaviour of a grain silo in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Predicted performance based on the results of both SPT and cone penetration tests are compared with actual behaviour. The prediction based on the SPT results is poor, with the cone penetration analyses giving a significant improvement. A knowledge of cone resistance and hence modulus values for the full depth of influence of the silo would have further refined the prediction.

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