Architectural Engineering Commons^™

Implications Of Human Performance And Perception Under Tonal Noise Conditions On Indoor Noise Criteria, Lily M. Wang, Erica E. Ryherd

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

This research investigated differences in task performance and perception under six non-time-varying ventilation-type background noise spectra with differing tonality. The results were related to five indoor noise criteria systems: Noise Criteria (NC), Balanced Noise Criteria (NCB), Room Criteria (RC), Room Criteria Mark II (RC-Mark II), and the A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level (L_Aeq). These criteria systems are commonly used in the U.S. building industry, but concerns exist over whether they are appropriate for all noise situations. Thirty test subjects completed three types of performance tasks (typing, reasoning, and math) and answered questions about their perception of the indoor …

Predicting The Seismic Behavior Of The Dywidag Ductile Connector (Ddc) Precast Concrete System, Elizabeth Mary Kenyon

Master's Theses

Structural engineering is heavily dependent on the use of computers. When creating a building model using structural analysis software, it is required that the designer have an understanding of the system behavior and the modeling program capabilities.

Some engineers in the Southern California region are taking steps towards incorporating the Dywidag ductile connector (DDC) and super hybrid systems into building practice due to the advantages found in these systems’ construction methods and seismic performance.

As the DDC and super hybrid systems reach industry, the design engineer will need to model these systems using structural analysis programs. This report describes two …

Four Research Projects, One “Green” Theme, Edmond P. Saliklis

Architectural Engineering

The purpose of this paper is to suggest ways that faculty can motivate students to do research through the timely and important issue of sustainable or “green” materials in architectural engineering. This paper will briefly describe four research projects undertaken by seniors in our architectural engineering department. Following these descriptions will be a series of pros and cons that the author has detected while mentoring these projects. Suggestions for best practices will then be presented as well as a discussion of how we assessed these projects. Finally, one of the research projects will be highlighted, with the goal of demonstrating …

Researchers And Practitioners: A Dual Track Path To Tenure That Works, Allen Estes, Brent Nuttall, Cole C. Mcdaniel

Architectural Engineering

The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) has published the Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge (BOK) for the 21st Century and has produced a draft version of the follow-on BOK II, both which attempt to define the knowledge, skills and attitudes required of a civil engineer. A section of that document addresses who should teach this body of knowledge. It concludes that civil engineering faculty must be scholars, effective teachers, practitioners, and role models. In most universities, practitioners are included on the faculty as adjunct professors. They are paid less and are not viewed as full-fledged partners. The Architectural Engineering …

Exceed Teaching Workshop: Tenth Year Anniversary, Allen Estes, Ronald Welch, Stephen J. Ressler, Norman Dennis, Debra Larson, Carol Considine, Tonya Nilsson, Jim O'Brien, Thomas A. Lenox

Architectural Engineering

In response to the need for faculty training, the American Society of Civil Engineers developed and funded the ExCEEd (Excellence in Civil Engineering Education) Teaching Workshop that is today – the summer of 2008 – celebrating its tenth year of existence. For the past decade, nineteen ExCEEd Teaching Workshops (ETW) have been held at the United States Military Academy, the University of Arkansas, and Northern Arizona University, with two more workshops scheduled for this summer for a total of 21 offerings. ETW has realized 449 graduates from 203 different U.S. and international colleges and universities. This paper summarizes the content …

Arch Building For Kids: What Did They Learn? What Did We Learn?, Edmond P. Saliklis

Architectural Engineering

This paper will describe a teaching module that several senior architectural engineering students developed as their senior project. The teaching module targeted 5th or 6th grade students with the goal of creating an engineering outreach program that demonstrated a structural mechanics concept in a fun and interesting manner. The purpose of this paper is to describe the rationale behind the teaching module, and to document the changes we made to the module as we assessed its impact over several trial runs.

Frame It - Thoughts On Education, Reducing Carbon And Vapour, Joseph Little, Robbie Cousins

Articles

Joseph Little believes timber frame can be the backbone of a new generation of low-carbon, energy-efficient housing, and be used as an intelligent response to Climate Change and fuel prices. But he tells Robbie Cousins that timber frame manufacturers, suppliers and architects need to gear-up and work more closely together if the true potential of this vision is to be realised.

Joseph Little’s chief bugbear is poor construction standards & details on site and the core of this issue is how the knowledge set of architects and builders and how standards are controlled. The seeds of this idea may have …

Brunswick Me: De-Militarizing The Bnas, Anne Holland, Brett Richardson, Richard Barringer

Planning

Closure of the Brunswick Naval Air Station in 2011 will have profound economic impacts on the entire mid-coast Maine region of Maine, with an estimated loss of 6,500 jobs and $330 million annual income. Throughout the Base Realignment and Closure process, Brunswick, the region, and the State of Maine followed federal rules and developed the federally-funded Brunswick Local Redevelopment Authority (BLRA) to plan for reuse of the 3300 acre base. In its planning process, the BLRA adhered to a number of well thought-out Guiding Principles, including the use of extensive public participation and the consideration of “smart growth” principles and …

Effects Of Ionic Strength, Temperature, And Ph On Degradation Of Selected Antibiotics, Keith A. Loftin, Craig D. Adams, Michael T. Meyer, Rao Surampalli

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Aqueous degradation rates, which include hydrolysis and epimerization, for chlorretracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TET), lincomycin (LNC), sulfachlorpyridazine (SCP), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfathiazole (STZ), trimethoprim (TRM), and tylosin a (TYL) were studied as a function of ionic strength (0.0015, 0.050, or 0.084 mg/L as Na2HPO4), temperature (7, 22, and 35°C), and pH (2, 5, 7, 9, and 11). Multiple linear regression revealed that ionic strength did not significantly affect (α = 0.05) degradation rates for all compounds, but temperature and pH affected rates for CTC, OTC, and TET significand (α = 0.05). Degradation also was observed for TYL at pH 2 …

Simplicity, Scale, And Surprise: Evaluating Structural Form, Edmond P. Saliklis, Michael Bauer, David P. Billington

Architectural Engineering

Aesthetic and ethical issues of building design are presented here to encourage meaningful discussion among today’s architectural engineering students and practitioners. The evaluative aesthetic ideas of scale, simplicity, and surprise are applied to two important structures designed by Fazlur R. Khan. Khan’s profound understanding of load flow in his buildings influenced his aesthetic ideas. Furthermore, his aesthetic ideas were intimately intertwined with his ethical ideas about structural logic and the role of structure in architecture. We explore these ideas and present new insights as well. Our goal is to encourage a public discourse within our profession on the topic of …

Review Of Design Guidelines For Frp Confinement Of Reinforced Concrete Columns Of Noncircular Cross Sections, Silvia Rocca, Nestore Galati, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Current international design guidelines provide predictive design equations for the strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) columns of both circular and prismatic cross sections by means of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) confinement and subjected to pure axial loading. Extensive studies (experimental and analytical) have been conducted on columns with circular cross sections, and limited studies have been conducted on members with noncircular cross sections. in fact, the majority of available research work has been on small-scale, plain concrete specimens. in this review paper, four design guidelines are introduced, and a comparative study is presented. This study is based on the increment of …

Porchscapes: Between Neighborhood Watershed And Home, Community Design Center

Community Design Center Project Reports

Located on the Ozark Plateau, this 43-unit housing development is a LEED-ND (Neighborhood Development) pilot project to be built for $60/sf plus $2.3 million in infrastructure costs. The studio objective is to design a demonstration project that combines affordability with best environmental practices as designated by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC). Porchscapes is a pioneering Low Impact Development (LID) project funded under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Section 319 Program for Nonpoint Source Pollution. LID manages stormwater runoff through ecological engineering technologies. A contiguous network of rainwater gardens, bioswales, infiltration trenches, sediment filter strips, green streets, and wet meadows …

Ua1c2/10 Cedar House Photo Collection, Wku Archives

WKU Archives Collection Inventories

Images of the Cedar House also known as the Faculty House.

Kinetics And Reaction Products Of Ozone And Surface-Bound Squalene, J. R. Wells, Glenn Morrison, Beverly K. Coleman

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Because of the high occupant density in aircraft, the surface chemistry of ozone and squalene, an important component of skin oil, was evaluated. a reaction probability of 45±14) x 10 -5 was determined for the reaction of squalene (2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22- tetracosahexaene) with ozone (50 parts per billion (ppb)) on a glass plate surface using the Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) Automation and Control System (FACS). to more clearly define part of squalene's indoor environment degradation mechanism, gas-phase and surface-bound products of the squalene+O3 reaction were also investigated. Emitted products were captured in solution, derivatized with O-(2,3,4,5,6pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine (PFBHA), and analyzed …

Extension Of The Poiseuille Formula For Shear-Thickening Materials And Application To Self-Compacting Concrete, Dimitri Feys, Ronny Verhoeven, Geert De Schutter

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In Practice, While Placing Concrete in a Formwork by Pumping, the Pressure Generated by the Pump is Not Controlled. in Order to Enhance the Safety on the Worksite, and in View of the Current Economic and Ecologic Arguments, It Would Be Useful to Dispose of an Equation Able to Predict Pressure Losses based on the Rheological Properties of the Concrete and the Pipe Configuration. This Paper Describes the Derivation of an Extended Version of the Poiseuille Formula, for Shear-Thickening Materials with a Yields Stress, Described by the Modified Bingham Equation. This Formula is Applied to Flow-Tests with Self-Compacting Concrete. the …

Evaluation Of A Virtual Refrigerant Charge Sensor, Woohyun Kim, James E. Braun, Haorong Li

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

This paper presents a thorough evaluation of a method for determining refrigerant charge that employs low-cost, non-invasive measurements (i.e., surface mounted temperature measurements). The method could be used as part of a protocol for verified service providers (VSPs) in AC diagnostic tune-up or refrigerant charge, air flow (RCA) verification programs. Ultimately, the method could be embedded within a portable virtual refrigerant charge gauge for a technician’s use or permanently installed on the AC unit. The accuracy of the virtual refrigerant charge sensor method is evaluated in this paper using laboratory data for a number of different systems and over a …

Sustainable Lunar Habitat Protection Against Damage By Meteoroid Impacts, William P. Schonberg, Robin Putzar, Frank Schaefer

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Sustainability is a key consideration in the design and establishment of human habitats on the Moon (and on Mars as well). One hazard faced by such habitats is the damage that can be caused by the impact of a meteoroid on a critical habitat structure or structural component. in this paper we discuss various approaches to meteoroid shielding for lunar habitats, focusing on approaches that use resources mined or extracted from the moon. Advantages and disadvantages of these various techniques are also presented and discussed. the Moon's mineralogy is highlighted, and suggestions are presented for materials that can be used …

Modeling The Fate Of Pharmaceuticals And Personal Care Products In Sewage Treatment Plants, Craig D. Adams

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Chemical fate models can be used to estimate the transformation reactions and the partitioning behavior of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in sewage treatment plants (STPs). Modeling the fate of PPCPs in a STP requires parameters such as rate constants or partition coefficients that are often unique to a specific STP, and that may exhibit significant temporal variability. Chemical fate models provide both a valuable test of our understanding of the fundamental underlying mechanisms regarding the fate of PPCPs in STPs, as well as a means of providing both qualitative and quantitative estimates for PPCP removal. This paper is …

Forecasting Model For Air Taxi, Commercial Airline, And Automobile Demand In The United States, Hojong Baik, Antonio A. Trani, Nicolas Hinze, Howard Swingle, Senanu Ashiabor, Anand Seshadri

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A nationwide model predicts the annual county-to-county person roundtrips for air taxi, commercial airline, and automobile at 1-year intervals through 2030. the transportation systems analysis model (TSAM) uses the four-step transportation systems modeling process to calculate trip generation, trip distribution, and mode choice for each county origin-destination pair. Network assignment is formulated for commercial airline and air taxi demand. TSAM classifies trip rates by trip purpose, household income group, and type of metropolitan statistical area from which the round-trip started. a graphical user interface with geographic information systems capability is included in the model. Potential applications of the model are …

Demand-Based Optimal Control To Save Energy: A Case-Study In A Medical Center, Ik-Seong Joo, Li Song, Mingsheng Liu, Mike Carico

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Continuous Commissioning^® (CC^®) strategies include reducing simultaneous heating and cooling, scheduling the facility’s occupancy needs, utilizing free cooling, and minimizing excessive supply air and outside air. Most significantly, this demandbased control energy conservation strategy can facilitate mechanical system performance at near optimal conditions through the gradual advancement of control systems and the ability of upstream systems reading the status of downstream systems.

This paper demonstrates demand-based temperature, pressure and economizer control by the mathematical optimization methodology illustrated by a case-study, implemented with actual systems in a 1.2 million square foot medical center. Based on the optimization results, …

Tilt-Up Building Seismic Design - Precast Or Cast-In Place?, Joe Steinbicker, John Lawson

Architectural Engineering

Tilt-up buildings have been successfully designed and constructed throughout the United States for over fifty years. Today, the tiltup method of construction is used extensively to build all types of buildings, currently at a rate of 300,000,000 square feet of tilt-up concrete panels constructed in the United States each year. Recently, with the adoption of the 2006 edition of the International Building Code (IBC) in conjunction with the ASCE 7-05 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures , there has developed some confusion over what building type should tilt-up construction be classified for the purposes of seismic design – …

Optimal Control In Three-Deck Multi-Zone Air-Handling Units: A Case-Study, Ik-Seong Joo, Li Song, Mingsheng Liu, Barry Douglas

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

A multi-zone air-handling unit was popular several decades ago due to the convenience of small sized modular units, which were inexpensive to install and easily maintained in a mechanical room. The cost and convenience proved to be of little benefit as the units perform poorly from an energy usage perspective. A “three-deck” multi-zone unit is a hybrid of its kind, and it can be very efficient when controlled properly. In theory, there will not be simultaneous heating and cooling if its heating damper is controlled separately from the control of the cooling damper. When the zone load is neutral (not …

Proposal For Using A Studio Format To Enhance Institutional Advancement, Shannon Chance

Articles

Universities today need to become quicker on their toes. They must continually scan the environment and seize emerging opportunities – and institutional advancement must lead this effort. An unfortunate number of institutional advancement operations are ill equipped for the task at hand. Many suffer from high staff turnover and overly hierarchical systems that refl ect excessive fragmentation and compartmentalization. They inadvertently perpetuate stifl ing and unnecessary bureaucracy. Organizing advancement efforts around the metaphor of the design studio or creative workshop promises to (a) pool talent, (b) cultivate collaboration, and (c) align diverse but related interests in order to promote fruitful …

Unlv Magazine, Cate Weeks, Erin O'Donnell, Shane Bevell, Barbara Cloud, Joy Drohan, Adam Baer, Holly Ivy De Vore, Gian Galassi, Eric Leake

UNLV Magazine

No abstract provided.

Thinking Outside The Box: New Approaches To Very Large Flexible Diaphragms, John W. Lawson

Architectural Engineering

This paper discusses the past design practices of flexible diaphragms, the current trend to very large diaphragms, and the new tools available to properly evaluate and engineer these large roof systems. Higher shear demands are accommodated by higher plywood/OSB and steel deck shear capacities accepted by the IBe. A new collective chord technique is presented to more accurately reflect large diaphragm behavior. In addition, these very large diaphragms have significant lateral deflection issues that can now be evaluated in the IBC. The new AF&PA deflection equations for wood diaphragms are presented as well as a technique to compute deflections of …

Round-Robin Testing Of A Dewpoint Potentiameter Versus Filter Paper To Determine Total Suction, Thomas M. Petry, Cheng Ping Jiang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Expansive clays exhibit high potential for volume change when changes in soil moisture occur. It has been estimated that the annual cost of damage to facilities built on expansive clay in the United States exceeds $9 billion. the use of soil suction measurements to predict potential clay volume changes has shown significant promise, yet the currently utilized method to determine soil suction, the filter paper method, has serious drawbacks. First, the test takes approximately 8 days to complete, making it less than practical for broad use by practicing engineers. Second, and more troublesome, the filter paper test is difficult to …

Foundations For Seismic Loads, Vijay K. Puri, Shamsher Prakash

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Design of foundations in earthquake prone areas needs special considerations. Shallow foundations may experience a reduction in bearing capacity and increase in settlement and tilt due to seismic loading. the reduction in bearing capacity depends on the nature and type of soil and ground acceleration parameters. in the case of piles, the soil-pile behavior under earthquake loading is generally non-linear. the nonlinearity must be accounted for by defining soil-pile stiffness in terms of strain dependent soil modulus. Several behavioral and design aspects of shallow foundations and pile groups subjected to earthquakes have been critically reviewed. Copyright ASCE 2007.

Investigations Of Multi-Channel Auralization Technique For Various Orchestra Arrangements, With Phase-Shifted String Sections, Michelle C Vigeant, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

An orchestra can be simulated in room acoustics computer modelling using a variety of methods, ranging from a single omni-directional source to individual sources of all instruments.  This study utilizes the method of individual sources for each instrument, but with reduced source representation for the string sections.  The anechoic recordings used in this investigation are five-channel recordings, which capture the source directivity of the individual instruments.  For each string section, the individual anechoic recordings were phase shifted several times, up to 23 ms, and combined to create a single recording for use in the simulations.  An orchestra was simulated in …

Scattered Responses From Suspended Reflector Panels With Rounded Edges, Jonathan Rathsam, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Sound reflections from most finite surfaces, such as overhead reflector panels, include a component known as edge diffraction. Edge diffraction is the scattered energy required to maintain a continuous sound field despite the discontinuity in acoustical impedance presented by the scatterer. Edge diffraction can interfere with primary scattered energy to produce comb filtering at receiver locations. Several decades ago, the effect of changing the edge profile of loudspeaker boxes was investigated with the goal of producing a smoother frequency response. By rounding the edges of loudspeaker boxes, the edge diffraction could be decreased noticeably [H. F. Olson, J. Aud. Eng. …

Scattered Responses From Suspended Reflector Panels With Rounded Edges, Jonathan Rathsam, Lily M. Wang

Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction: Faculty Publications

Sound reflections from most finite surfaces, such as overhead reflector panels, include a component known as edge diffraction. Edge diffraction is the scattered energy required to maintain a continuous sound field despite the discontinuity in acoustical impedance presented by the scatterer. Edge diffraction can interfere with primary scattered energy to produce comb filtering at receiver locations. Several decades ago, the effect of changing the edge profile of loudspeaker boxes was investigated with the goal of producing a smoother frequency response. By rounding the edges of loudspeaker boxes, the edge diffraction could be decreased noticeably [H. F. Olson, J. Aud. Eng. …