When 10 Trials Are Better Than 1000: An Evidentiary Perspective On Trial Sampling, 2012 Vanderbilt University Law School
When 10 Trials Are Better Than 1000: An Evidentiary Perspective On Trial Sampling, Edward K. Cheng
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
In many mass tort cases, separately trying all individual claims is impractical, and thus a number of trial courts and commentators have explored the use of statistical sampling as a way of efficiently processing claims. Most discussions on the topic, however, implicitly assume that sampling is a “second best” solution: individual trials are preferred for accuracy, and sampling only justified under extraordinary circumstances. This Essay explores whether this assumption is really true. While intuitively one might think that individual trials would be more accurate at estimating liability than extrapolating from a subset of cases, the Essay offers three ways in …
Muscle Organization In Individuals With And Without Pain And Joint Dysfunction, 2012 University of Missouri-Kansas City
Muscle Organization In Individuals With And Without Pain And Joint Dysfunction, J. C. Nickel, Y. M. Gonzalez, W. D. Mccall, R. Ohrbach, D. B. Marx, H. Liu, L. R. Iwasaki
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
Central nervous system organization of masticatory muscles determines the magnitude of joint and muscle forces. Validated computer-assisted models of neuromuscular organization during biting were used to determine organization in individuals with and without temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Ninety-one individuals (47 women, 44 men) were assigned to one of four diagnostic groups based on the presence (+) or absence (-) of pain (P) and bilateral temporomandibular joint disc displacement (DD). Electromyography and bite-forces were measured during right and left incisor and molar biting. Two three-dimensional models employing neuromuscular objectives of minimization of joint loads (MJL) or muscle effort (MME) simulated biting tasks. …
Learning Interdisciplinary Pedagogies, 2012 University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Learning Interdisciplinary Pedagogies, Alison J. Friedow, Erin E. Blankenship, Jennifer L. Green, Walter Stroup
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
Advocates of interdisciplinary teaching and learning in higher education suggest that interdisciplinary courses “promise a wide range of desirable educational outcomes for students” (Newell 1994: 35). These outcomes include enhanced affective and cognitive abilities, increased understanding of multiple perspectives, greater appreciation for ambiguity, and superior capacities for creative thinking, among others (35). Despite claims about the possibilities interdisciplinary learning offers, we have few examples of how faculty from different disciplines work together to create interdisciplinary classroom environments where such outcomes can occur. In short, more examples of how faculty from different disciplines actually develop, engage, and revise interdisciplinary pedagogies with …
Drosophila Melanogaster Selection For Survival Of Bacillus Cereus Infection: Life History Trait Indirect Responses, 2012 University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Drosophila Melanogaster Selection For Survival Of Bacillus Cereus Infection: Life History Trait Indirect Responses, Junjie Ma, Andrew K. Benson, Stephen D. Kachman, Zhen Hu, Lawrence G. Harshman
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
To study evolved resistance/tolerance in an insect model, we carried out an experimental evolution study using D. melanogaster and the opportunistic pathogen B. cereus as the agent of selection. The selected lines evolved a 3.0- to 3.3-log increase in the concentration of spores required for 50% mortality after 18–24 generations of selection. In the absence of any treatment, selected lines evolved an increase in egg production and delayed development time. The latter response could be interpreted as a cost of evolution. Alternatively, delayed development might have been a target of selection resulting in increased adult fat body function including production …
Prediction In Several Conventional Contexts, 2012 University of Miami
Prediction In Several Conventional Contexts, Bertrand Clarke, Jennifer Clarke
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
We review predictive techniques from several traditional branches of statistics. Starting with prediction based on the normal model and on the empirical distribution function, we proceed to techniques for various forms of regression and classification. Then, we turn to time series, longitudinal data, and survival analysis. Our focus throughout is on the mechanics of prediction more than on the properties of predictors.
Comment On Article By Sancetta, 2012 University of Miami
Comment On Article By Sancetta, Bertrand Clarke
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
This paper makes a landmark contribution in three senses.
First, it provides many results that are fundamentally important in their own right. I refer specifically to Theorems 3 and 8. Theorem 3 treats arbitrary loss functions by breaking the integral into two terms, one It, where a difference of losses is bounded and another, IIt, where a bound on the moments of a difference of losses must be used. (All notation here is the same as the author's unless noted otherwise.) The treatment of these two terms reveals the role of the relative entropy and how the tails of the …
The Dirty “S” Word: Innovative Teaching Techniques For Counselor Educators Facilitating Learning In Statistics And Research, 2012 Eastern Illinois University
The Dirty “S” Word: Innovative Teaching Techniques For Counselor Educators Facilitating Learning In Statistics And Research, Rebecca Tadlock-Marlo, Megan Michalak
Faculty Research & Creative Activity
Innovative pedagogy will be presented and discussed to help make research a less painful class to both teach and learn. Foci include teaching methods, potential assignments, and suggestions for activities to help facilitate a more fluid learning process for counselors. Attendees will explore aspects of helping students overcome their fear of both statistics and research.
Retrospective Evaluation Of Admissions For Chemotherapy-Inducednausea, Vomiting, And Dehydration, 2012 Lehigh Valley
Retrospective Evaluation Of Admissions For Chemotherapy-Inducednausea, Vomiting, And Dehydration, Katelin Van Leer Pharmad, Janine Barnaby Rph, Bcop
Department of Pharmacy
No abstract provided.
Arma-Garch Model Applied To Exchange-Traded Funds, 2012 University of Texas at El Paso
Arma-Garch Model Applied To Exchange-Traded Funds, Rebecca Davis
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
In this paper, time-varying volatility of some of the leading exchange-traded funds are studied. The ARMA mean equation with GARCH errors is used to model the series correlations and the conditional heteroscadesticity in the asset
returns. The conditional distributions of the standardized residuals are assumed to be skew-generalized error distribution. The high kurtosis and fat tail of the returns, were captured in all the data by fitting an ARMA-GARCH model with the conditional distribution of, skew-generalized error distribution.
Furthermore, the sample cross-correlations of these significant exchange-traded funds and the corresponding financial indices they mimic were computed. The empirical conclusion was …
Evaluation Of Repeated Biomarkers: Non-Parametric Comparison Of Areas Under The Receiver Operating Curve Between Correlated Groups Using An Optimal Weighting Scheme, 2012 University of South Florida
Evaluation Of Repeated Biomarkers: Non-Parametric Comparison Of Areas Under The Receiver Operating Curve Between Correlated Groups Using An Optimal Weighting Scheme, Ping Xu
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves are often used to evaluate the prognostic performance of a continuous biomarker. In a previous research, a non-parametric ROC approach was introduced to compare two biomarkers with repeated measurements. An asymptotically normal statistic, which contains the subject-specific weights, was developed to estimate the areas under the ROC curve of biomarkers. Although two weighting schemes were suggested to be optimal when the within subject correlation is 1 or 0 by the previous study, the universal optimal weight was not determined. We modify this asymptotical statistic to compare AUCs between two correlated groups and propose a solution …
Linear Mixed-Effects Models: Applications To The Behavioral Sciences And Adolescent Community Health, 2012 University of South Florida
Linear Mixed-Effects Models: Applications To The Behavioral Sciences And Adolescent Community Health, Lizmarie Gabriela Maldonado
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Linear mixed-effects (LME) modeling is a widely used statistical method for analyzing repeated measures or longitudinal data. Such longitudinal studies typically aim to investigate and describe the trajectory of a desired outcome. Longitudinal data have the advantage over cross-sectional data by providing more accuracy for the model. LME models allow researchers to account for random variation among individuals and between individuals.
In this project, adolescent health was chosen as a topic of research due to the many changes that occur during this crucial time period as a precursor to overall well-being in adult life. Understanding the factors that influence how …
Bayesian Inference On Mixed-Effects Models With Skewed Distributions For Hiv Longitudinal Data, 2012 University of South Florida
Bayesian Inference On Mixed-Effects Models With Skewed Distributions For Hiv Longitudinal Data, Ren Chen
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Statistical models have greatly improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection
and guided for the treatment of AIDS patients and evaluation of antiretroviral (ARV) therapies.
Although various statistical modeling and analysis methods have been applied for estimating the
parameters of HIV dynamics via mixed-effects models, a common assumption of distribution is
normal for random errors and random-effects. This assumption may lack the robustness against
departures from normality so may lead misleading or biased inference. Moreover, some covariates
such as CD4 cell count may be often measured with substantial errors. Bivariate clustered
(correlated) data are also commonly encountered in …
Statistical Estimation Of Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Models: Identifiability, Variation, And Uncertainty With An Illustration Of Chronic Exposure To Dioxin And Dioxin-Like-Compounds., 2012 University of South Florida
Statistical Estimation Of Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Models: Identifiability, Variation, And Uncertainty With An Illustration Of Chronic Exposure To Dioxin And Dioxin-Like-Compounds., Zachary John Thompson
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Assessment of human exposure to environmental chemicals is inherently subject to uncertainty and variability. There are data gaps concerning the inventory, source, duration, and intensity of exposure
as well as knowledge gaps regarding pharmacokinetics in general. These gaps result in uncertainties in exposure assessment.
The uncertainties compound further with variabilities due to population variations regarding stage of life, life style, and susceptibility,
etc. Use of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models promises to reduce the uncertainties and enhance extrapolation between species, between routes, from high to low dose, and from acute to chronic exposure. However, fitting PBPK models is challenging because of …
Statistical Content In Middle Grades Mathematics Textbooks, 2012 University of South Florida
Statistical Content In Middle Grades Mathematics Textbooks, Maria Consuelo (Suzie) Capiral Pickle
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Statistical Content in Middle Grades Mathematics Textbooks
Maria Consuelo (Suzie) Capiral Pickle
Abstract
This study analyzed the treatment and scope of
statistical concepts in four, widely-used, contemporary, middle
grades mathematics textbook series: Glencoe Math Connects,
Prentice Hall Mathematics, Connected Mathematics Project, and
University of Chicago School Mathematics Project. There were
three phases for the data analysis. Phase 1 addressed the location
and sequence of the statistical concepts. Phase 2 focused upon an
examination of the lesson narrative, its components and scope.
Phase 3 analyzed the level of cognitive demand required of the
students to complete the exercises, and the total …
Stochastic Modeling Of Network-Centric Epidemiological Processes, 2012 University of South Florida
Stochastic Modeling Of Network-Centric Epidemiological Processes, Divine Wanduku
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The technological changes and educational expansion have created the heterogeneity in the human species. Clearly, this heterogeneity generates a structure in the population
dynamics, namely: citizen, permanent resident, visitor, and etc. Furthermore, as the heterogeneity in the population increases, the human mobility between meta-populations patches
also increases. Depending on spatial scales, a meta-population patch can be decomposed into sub-patches, for examples: homes, neighborhoods, towns, etc. The dynamics of human
mobility in a heterogeneous and scaled structured population is still its infancy level. We develop and investigate (1) an algorithmic two scale human mobility dynamic model for a meta-population. Moreover,the two …
Statistical Modeling And Analysis Of Breast Cancer And Pancreatic Cancer, 2012 University of South Florida
Statistical Modeling And Analysis Of Breast Cancer And Pancreatic Cancer, Zahra Kottabi
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Abstract
The object of the present study is to apply statistical modeling and estimate the mean of optimism of breast cancer patients as function of attribute variables; delay, education and age for each race of breast cancer patients. Moreover, to investigate the nonlinear association between optimism, education, age and delay with respect to each race and both. Furthermore, to develop differential equations that will characterize the behavior of the pancreatic cancer tumor size as a function of time. Having such differential equations, the mean solution of which once plotted will identify the rate of change of tumor size as a …
Multi-Time Scales Stochastic Dynamic Processes: Modeling, Methods, Algorithms, Analysis, And Applications, 2012 University of South Florida
Multi-Time Scales Stochastic Dynamic Processes: Modeling, Methods, Algorithms, Analysis, And Applications, Jean-Claude Pedjeu
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
By introducing a concept of dynamic process operating under multi-time scales in sciences and engineering, a mathematical model is formulated and it leads to a system of multi-time scale stochastic differential equations. The classical Picard-Lindel\"{o}f successive approximations scheme is expended to the model validation problem, namely, existence and uniqueness of solution process. Naturally, this generates to a problem of finding closed form solutions of both linear and nonlinear multi-time scale stochastic differential equations. To illustrate the scope of ideas and presented results, multi-time scale stochastic models for ecological and epidemiological processes in population dynamic are exhibited. Without loss in generality, …
Stochastic Hybrid Dynamic Systems: Modeling, Estimation And Simulation, 2012 University of South Florida
Stochastic Hybrid Dynamic Systems: Modeling, Estimation And Simulation, Daniel Siu
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Stochastic hybrid dynamic systems that incorporate both continuous and discrete dynamics have been an area of great interest over the recent years. In view of applications, stochastic hybrid dynamic systems have been employed to diverse fields of studies, such as communication networks, air traffic management, and insurance risk models. The aim of the present study is to investigate properties of some classes of stochastic hybrid dynamic systems.
The class of stochastic hybrid dynamic systems investigated has random jumps driven by a non-homogeneous Poisson process and deterministic jumps triggered by hitting the boundary. Its real-valued continuous dynamic between jumps is described …
Quitline Fax Referrals – Increasing Enrollment And Outcomes, 2012 Lehigh Valley Health Network
Quitline Fax Referrals – Increasing Enrollment And Outcomes, Alice Dalla-Palu Mpa, Ctts-M, Cac, Jeanne Fignar Aas, Patricia Lavan Rdh, Ba, Kayshin Chan Mph
Department of Emergency Medicine
No abstract provided.
Probability Of Identification: A Statistical Model For The Validation Of Qualitative Botanical Identification Methods, 2012 Old Dominion University
Probability Of Identification: A Statistical Model For The Validation Of Qualitative Botanical Identification Methods, Robert A. Labudde, James M. Harnly
Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications
A qualitative botanical identification method (BIM) is an analytical procedure that returns a binary result (1 = Identified, 0 = Not Identified). A BIM may be used by a buyer, manufacturer, or regulator to determine whether a botanical material being tested is the same as the target (desired) material, or whether it contains excessive nontarget (undesirable) material. The report describes the development and validation of studies for a BIM based on the proportion of replicates identified, or probability of identification (POI), as the basic observed statistic. The statistical procedures proposed for data analysis follow closely those of the probability of …