Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons^™

Neighborhood Environment And Poor Maternal Glycemic Control-Associated Complications Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Leela V. Thomas, Claudine T. Jurkovitz, Zugui Zhang, Mitchell R. Fawcett, M. James Lenhard

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Risk of complications due to gestational diabetes mellitus is increasing in the U.S., particularly among individuals from racial minorities. Research has focused largely on clinical interventions to prevent complications, rarely on individuals' residential environments. This retrospective cohort study aims to examine the association between individuals' neighborhoods and complications of gestational diabetes mellitus.

METHODS: Demographic and clinical data were extracted from electronic health records and linked to American Community Survey data from the U.S. Census Bureau for 2,047 individuals who had 2,164 deliveries in 2014-2018. Data were analyzed in 2021-2022 using Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi-square test for bivariate …

Project Dig Summary Report, Tracy Boehm Barrett, University Of Montana Rural Institute

Health and Wellness

People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are commonly overlooked in society because of a combination of social, economic, political, and cultural barriers. Due to such constraints, they also experience a wide range of health and community disparities that result in negative impact on their quality of life and well-being (Mpofu et al., 2020; Akyurek & Bumin, 2017). While many community-based organizations provide a variety of supports for people with disabilities, far less common are those providing therapeutic horticulture (TH) programs within the scope of their services. This report provides information about and recommendations for TH as an increased practice …

Mda Foundation: What A Difference A Smile Makes, Anne Berquist

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

The 2023 round of scholarships awarded by the MDA Foundation totaled $31,000, more than twice the amount awarded in 2022. As a recipient of the MDA Foundation's Dr. George L. Bletsas Scholarship, Maya Scott, now a dental student, is dedicated to advocating for underserved minorities. Scott's journey into dentistry was shaped by her personal experiences with dental care and her desire to address health disparities. Growing up in challenging circumstances, orthodontic treatment transformed her smile and ignited her interest in dentistry. Her scholarship facilitates participation in dental missions and eases living expenses. With aspirations for general dentistry in underserved areas, …

Assessment Of Salivary Cadmium Levels And Breast Density In The Marin Women's Study, Michaela F. George, Shayne Paff, Jenyse Rojo, Mark Powell, Christopher Benz, Karl Pope, Karla Kerlikowske, John Shepard, Matthew Willis, Rochelle Ereman, Leeann Prebil

Global Public Health | Faculty Scholarship

Background: We aimed to determine if salivary cadmium (Cd) levels had any association with breast density, hoping to establish a less invasive cost-effective method of stratifying Cd burden as an environmental breast cancer risk factor.

Methods: Salivary Cd levels were quantified from the Marin Women's Study, a Marin County, California population composite. Volumetric compositional breast density (BDsxa) data were measured by single x-ray absorptiometry techniques. Digital screening mammography was performed by the San Francisco Mammography Registry. Radiologists reviewed mammograms and assigned a Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System score. Early morning salivary Cd samples were assayed. Association analyses were then …

Ethnic Minorities And Family Health History: An Autoethnography Of Guyanese Americans And Kidney Disease, Dhaneesha R. Bahadur

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Exploring family health histories (FHHs) has emerged in recent years as an inexpensive genomic tool in public health. Families and clinicians can also use them to uncover family histories and experiences, which could inform better lifestyle choices to prevent or delay the onset of diseases. Exploring family health histories focuses on an individual’s genetic makeup and considers differences in lifestyle and environment. Despite national campaigns, it is an underutilized tool that could lead to engagement in effective strategies and better health outcomes. One important and serious condition that families should be more aware of is chronic kidney disease (CKD). One …

Association Between Community Social Vulnerability And Preventable Hospitalizations, Rachel Hogg-Graham, Joseph A. Benitez, Mary E. Lacy, Joshua Bush, Juan Lang, Haritomane Nikolaou, Emily R. Clear, J. M. Mccullough, Teresa M. Waters

Public Health and Population Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Preventable hospitalizations are common and costly events that burden patients and our health care system. While research suggests that these events are strongly linked to ambulatory care access, emerging evidence suggests they may also be sensitive to a patient’s social, environmental, and economic conditions. This study examines the association between variations in social vulnerability and preventable hospitalization rates. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of county-level preventable hospitalization rates for 33 states linked with data from the 2020 Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). Preventable hospitalizations were 40% higher in the most vulnerable counties compared with the least vulnerable. Adjusted regression results confirm …

Effectiveness Of Antibiotic Stewardship For Healthcare Providers At Urgent Care Clinics, Helen T. Adewole

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine; however, the overuse in urgent care and primary care significantly contributes to the global burden of infections resistant to available antimicrobial medicines. Approximately 30% of the antimicrobials prescribed in acute care settings are unnecessary. Patient demand for antibiotics has seemingly skyrocketed following the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Practitioners must be knowledgeable about antibiotic stewardship initiatives, such as the wait-and-see approach, to reduce antibiotic overuse and improve the trajectory of antibiotic resistance and patient health outcomes. The gap in practice was the limited awareness of scientific evidence-based tools to partner with patients and improve antibiotic prescription patterns. …

Human Zoo Healthcare At The 1904 World’S Fair, Angel Blake

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Human Zoo Healthcare at the 1904 World’s Fair

Were precautions taken or put into place for the Human Zoo performers at the 1904 World’s Fair? This topic has been overlooked and understudied by historians, there are few articles written and we do not know the true death toll which shows the racism towards these indigenous peoples. The research for this project was conducted at the State Historical Society of Missouri, the St. Louis Mercantile Library, Newspapers.com, Archives.com, St. Louis Public Library, and the Missouri Historical Society, including research on primary sources such as official World’s Fair committee meeting minutes, hospital …

Prognosis Of Covid-19 On Workers With History Of Asthma: An Evidence-Based Case Report, Parmitasari Parmitasari, Dewi Yunia Fitriani, Indah S. Widyahening

Occupational and Environmental Medicine Journal of Indonesia

Background. As the COVID-19 pandemic occurs, those with asthma were thought to have an increased risk of infection. Question arisen whether special preparation for severe clinical outcomes might be needed for remote site workers. Method. A literature search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus and ProQuest databases, as well as hand searched. The inclusion criteria were systematic review, cohort study, retrospective study, cross sectional study, COVID-19, asthma, and ICU. Then, they were critically appraised based on Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford University, Critical Appraisal for Prognostic Studies and Systematic Reviews. Result. Three systematic review studies and three retrospective cohort studies were …

Factors Affecting Superoxide Dismutase Activity In Railway Workers In Jakarta, Indonesia, Vera Winata, Muhammad Ilyas, Aria Kekalih, Suryo Wibowo, Muchtaruddin Mansyur

Occupational and Environmental Medicine Journal of Indonesia

Introduction. Railway workers are exposed to many occupational health risk factors that may cause oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity is one of the response biomarkers of oxidative stress.

Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July-October 2021. Eighty-four participants were included in this study. Data about participants’ characteristics, physical activity intensity as measured by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) version 2, and stress levels as measured by Holmes-Rahe Stress Inventory were collected using Google Forms. The physical examination yielded data on blood pressure, ear condition, and waist circumference. Blood Superoxide dismutase activity and HbA1c levels were determined using …

The Association Between Mental Workload And Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain Among Operators Of An On Shore Oil And Gas Company In South Sumatera, Ardi Artanto, Suryo Wibowo, Nuri Purwito Adi

Occupational and Environmental Medicine Journal of Indonesia

Background: Work location influences the proportion of operators with low back pain (LBP) at a South Sumatera onshore oil and gas company. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nonspecific chronic LBP among the company's operators, as well as the association between quantitative and qualitative mental workload and nonspecific chronic LBP.

Methods: This study was cross-sectional in design, with 96 samples collected through purposive sampling. Questionnaires and physical examinations were used to collect data.

Results: Nonspecific chronic LBP was found in 32.3 percent of people. According to the multivariate analysis, moderate-heavy qualitative mental workload (OR: 5.14; 95 percent CI: …

Psychosocial Factors In The Workplace, Suryo Wibowo

Occupational and Environmental Medicine Journal of Indonesia

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The Effectiveness Of Education Through Web-Based Seminar In Increasing Knowledge About The Early Detection And Reporting Of Occupational Diseases, Keyne Christa Monintja, Dewi Sumaryani Soemarko, Dewi Yunia Fitriani, Herqutanto Herqutanto, Suryo Wibowo

Occupational and Environmental Medicine Journal of Indonesia

Background: In 2022, the Indonesian Occupational Medicine Association (IOMA) collaborated with oil and gas companies and conducted a web-based seminar (webinar) to enable participants to recognize occupational disease earlier and enhance reporting in companies. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the webinar in increasing the intended knowledge.

Method: The webinar was separated into three batches, with different participants per batch. Using a one-group pretest-posttest design, we utilized secondary data from IOMA. The effectiveness of the webinar was determined by participants' satisfaction and knowledge as measured by pre-test and post-test. After performing item analysis, we removed poor discriminating items in …

Analysis Of Knowledge Of Hospital Manager About Occupational Tuberculosis And Associated Factors, Aditya Agung Prasetyo, Suryo Wibowo, Muhammad Ilyas, Ahmad Fuady, Feni Fitriani Taufik

Occupational and Environmental Medicine Journal of Indonesia

Introduction.Knowledge of hospital managers about occupational tuberculosis can affect occupational tuberculosis services in the hospital. This study aims was to identify associated factors with knowledge of hospital manager about occupational tuberculosis in order to improve occupational tuberculosis services in hospitals as seen in the four management functions.

Method.Concurrent embedded mixed approaches are used in this cross-sectional study. Focus group discussions (FGD) are used in qualitative research, whereas questionnaires are used in quantitative research. The questionnaire was evaluated using the difficulty level and discriminating index tests. The ten questions were examined both univariate and bivariate. Thematic analysis was used …

Validity And Reliability Of The Indonesian Version Of Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (Enss) As A Job-Stress Assessment Tool For Nurses, Hasto Harsono, Herqutanto Herqutanto, Suryo Wibowo, Aria Kekalih, Astrid Sulistomo

Occupational and Environmental Medicine Journal of Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Background: Job stress is a serious health problem in the 21st century because of its high incidence and impact. Nurses are known as a profession that has high risks of stress, has distinctive characteristics, and hence requires a work stress assessment instrument that suits its peculiarities. The Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) is a nurse-specific stress assessment instrument that has high validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96) and is widely used in many countries but is not yet available in Indonesian. This study aims to obtain the Indonesian version of ENSS and evaluate its reliability and validity.

Method: …

A Case Study To Investigate Factors Influencing The Santa Clara County Getting To Zero Initiative’S Collective Impact Model, Harit Agroia, Rebecca Reno, Jenette Spezeski, Leyla Mousli, Richard Sarabia, Erin Starzyk

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

Our objective was to explore how factors, such as backbone organization changes and COVID-19, affected a collective impact (CI) initiative’s progression through the five CI phases and its components of success. We conducted a case study using semistructured interviews with 17 representatives from the action committee, community-based organization, and health department between January and February 2023 in Santa Clara County, California. Participants were asked how internal and external factors affected their engagement and experiences with the CI initiative. We analyzed the data using structural and holistic coding. Results showed that the initiative’s progression was impacted by intersecting factors; overall findings …

Self-Efficacy, Grit, And Rural Career Aspirations Among Early Career Nurses: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study, Daniel Terry, Blake Peck, Ed Baker, David Schmitz

Public Health and Population Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background Global nursing workforce shortage represents an impediment to the delivery of safe, evidence-based healthcare. Despite collective efforts, a consistent stream of nurses leaving the profession remains, particularly within the first five years of practice, which is exacerbated in rural communities. The aim of the study was to compare self-efficacy, grit, and rural career aspirations among nursing graduates between their second and fourth year of their nursing profession.

Methods As part of a longitudinal investigation, a repeated cross-sectional design was utilised. Participants included, 117 (response rate 52.2%) who completed an online questionnaire 18–24 months after graduating, and 32 participants (response …

Barriers To Care For Children With Cerebral Palsy In The Rural State Of Maine: A Mixed-Methods Study, Rayne L. Whitten, Anya K. Cutler, Alexa K. Craig

Journal of Maine Medical Center

Introduction: Guidelines on orthopedic hip surveillance in children with cerebral palsy have been published to minimize the effects of cerebral palsy and maximize quality of life. Researchers aimed to identify barriers to cerebral palsy care and to assess adherence to national hip-surveillance guidelines among a small subset of children with cerebral palsy who live in a rural state.

Methods: Parents of children with cerebral palsy were interviewed, and thematic analyses were performed on the recorded transcripts. Patient-specific data about imaging and demographics were manually extracted from the electronic health record to perform a mixed-methods analysis.

Results: Twenty-one parents were interviewed, …

A Life-Threatening Emergency Exacerbated By Untreated Mental Illness In A Low-Barrier Health Center, Brendan J. Prast, Byron Marshall

Journal of Maine Medical Center

Introduction: We report on a patient with untreated severe mental illness who presented with a life-threatening emergency: retained products of conception and hemorrhage.

Clinical Findings: A female patient experiencing homelessness developed life-threatening hemorrhage. Her mental illness impaired effective communication and treatment.

Clinical Course: The patient presented with fatigue, vaginal bleeding, and known retained products of conception. Her active mental illness complicated the situation as it limited effective communication and treatment due to delusions. She requested only treatment for an infectious cause of her symptoms. She refused most interventions and had a self-directed discharge from the hospital. Throughout this process, we …

A Conceptual Analysis Of Sbirt Implementation Alongside The Continuum Of Prep Awareness: Domains Of Fit And Feasibility., Lesley M. Harris, Kerr C. Jelani, Blake D. Skidmore, Smita Ghare, Andrea Reyes-Vega, Vania Remenik-Zarauz, Harideep Samanapally, Rana U. Anwar, Rishikesh Rijal, Kendall Bryant, Martin T. Hall, Shirish Barve

Faculty Scholarship

Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is a supplementary intervention that can be incorporated into the Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Care Continuum, complementing initiatives and endeavors focused on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention in clinical care and community-based work. Referencing the Transtheoretical Model of Change and the PrEP Awareness Continuum, this conceptual analysis highlights how SBIRT amplifies ongoing HIV prevention initiatives and presents a distinct chance to address identified gaps. SBIRT's mechanisms show promise of fit and feasibility through (a) implementing universal Screening (S), (b) administering a Brief Intervention (BI) grounded in motivational interviewing aimed at assisting individuals in …