Ethical Risks Of Frontier Science And Technology: An Escalating Threat,
2024
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Ethical Risks Of Frontier Science And Technology: An Escalating Threat, Xiao Lu, Huihui Liu, Rui Li, Jiaofeng Pan
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Science and technology (S&T) are not only powerful tools for development, but also a source of risk. The new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are accelerating in current times. It deeply influences and fundamentally reshapes human production and life, which can raise a range of known and unknown ethical risks, involving individual rights and interests, social stability, national security, as well as sustainable development of mankind. This study summarizes the characteristics of ethical risks in frontier S&T, including the dependence on related fields, high uncertainty, social reconstruction, and ultimate challenge. Considering the risks in various fields, …
Artificial Intelligence Foundation Model Risk Identification And Governance Model From Esg Perspective,
2024
AI Safety and Trustworthy Center, Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai 200232, China
Artificial Intelligence Foundation Model Risk Identification And Governance Model From Esg Perspective, Jincheng Shi, Guoyu Wang, Yingchun Wang
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
The application ecology of artificial intelligence foundation model is rapidly expanding. The environment, society, and governance are facing new challenges and opportunities. Exploring the construction of a governance framework for the development risks of foundation model has important theoretical value and practical significance for promoting the healthy and sustainable development of artificial intelligence. Based on the theories of ESG and artificial intelligence governance, this study analyzes the development benefits and typical risks of foundation model from the perspective of ESG and then constructs a risk governance framework and implementation strategies for artificial intelligence foundation models. This study shows that a …
Participatory Ethical Regulations: Risk Challenges Of Artificial Intelligence Era And Construction Of Governance Logic,
2024
Department of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Chinese Association of Development Strategy Studies, Beijing 100190, China
Participatory Ethical Regulations: Risk Challenges Of Artificial Intelligence Era And Construction Of Governance Logic, Chenggang Zhang, Lu Pan
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Participatory ethical norms emphasize the involvement of diverse stakeholders, aiming to construct a more comprehensive and balanced ethical governance framework. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is leading society through unprecedented transformations, significantly impacting ethical perspectives, social governance models, and the symbiotic relationship between humans and technology. The participatory ethical norms, characterized by multi-stakeholder participation, interactivity, and openness, represent a crucial pathway for addressing the challenges posed by the rapid development of AI technology. Constructing an AI governance framework based on participatory ethical norms provides solutions for the sustainable, fair, and transparent development of AI from multiple aspects …
Ethical Risks And Challenges Of Chatgpt Applications In Education,
2024
School of Government, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China
Ethical Risks And Challenges Of Chatgpt Applications In Education, Jingbo Fan, Hui Liang
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
ChatGPT is a typical application in the field of natural language processing, with the potential to empower and revolutionize education. It can serve not only as a digital tutor for students but also as a virtual assistant for teachers, driving the transformation of student learning methods and teaching paradigms. Additionally, ChatGPT shows a wide range of applications in the research field. However, while bringing opportunities for educational development, ChatGPT also poses ethical risks and challenges to educational equity. Firstly, ChatGPT may exacerbate the digital divide, leading to unequal educational opportunities. Secondly, it presents risks such as knowledge alienation, algorithmic black-box …
Optimization For Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Ecological Security Barrier System,
2024
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
Optimization For Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Ecological Security Barrier System, Bojie Fu, Yanxu Liu, Wenwu Zhao, Xiaoming Feng, Shiliang Liu, Chiyuan Miao, Xuhui Wang, Chunyang He, Changjia Li, Aizhong Ye, Zhongmin Hu, Zhifeng Liu, Dingyang Zhou
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
The ecological security barrier system is a composite system to maintain ecological security and sustainable development within and outside the region. This system enables the maintenance of the structure and function of the ecosystem in the ecological security barrier region relatively shielded from or minimally impacted by external environmental threats, so that forms a multilevel and orderly stable pattern. Over the period from 2000 to 2020, the ecosystem water conservation function was on the rise, and the soil conservation function, net ecosystem productivity, and habitat quality were generally stable in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Comparing the previous three national parks and …
Building Modern City And Urban Science,
2024
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100835, China
Building Modern City And Urban Science, Guangtao Wang, Fen Li, Xiang Liu, Yufei Gao
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
China is in a new stage of development of Chinese-style modernization, and the construction of modern cities plays a leading role in the process of modernization. Urban science is an important direction that urban researchers has been exploring, and the construction of modern cities needs the guidance of China’s urban science theory. On the basis of summarizing the basic characteristics of urban science, this study draws on the frontier progress of urban science both domestically and internationally, this study proposes definitions of China’s urban science, and constructs a theoretical framework with four dimensions, namely, ideological guidance, theoretical evidence-based approach, practical …
Sci-Tech System Reform Requires A New Paradigm: Theoretical Exploration,
2024
Bureau of Academic Divisions, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Sci-Tech System Reform Requires A New Paradigm: Theoretical Exploration, Yuehong Zhang
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee has comprehensively promoted the reform of the sci-tech management system, and has made significant progress. Nevertheless, facing the recent massive transformation in science and technology, China not only requires intensifying and deepening the sci-tech reform, but also demands profound reflections on its current reform mode and further exploration of a new reform paradigm compatible with China’s endeavor for a world power of science and technology. This study analyzes the challenges of China’s sci-tech transformation and the bottleneck of the problem-oriented repair paradigm for sci-tech reform, …
Building A New Paradigm For Sci-Tech System Reform: Practice Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences,
2024
Bureau of Academic Divisions, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Building A New Paradigm For Sci-Tech System Reform: Practice Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Yuehong Zhang, Fang Jiang, Xue Wang, Guang Chen, Xiaoning Li
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Facing the immense challenges of sci-tech transformation, the national urgent needs for building a world power of science and technology, and the strong inertia of its institutional development, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has practiced the new reform paradigm, and launched a prudent and resolute, partial and systematic, unified and diverse exploration of sci-tech reform. Firstly, based on the structural paradigm theory proposed by the preceding work, this study introduces CAS’ endeavor to clarify the vision of “seizing the commanding heights of science and technology”, shape multiple structural tensions, and build dual-track reform framework. Secondly, it presents the practice that …
Disciplinary Policy Research On Science Development Strategies For Crewed Lunar Exploration,
2024
Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Disciplinary Policy Research On Science Development Strategies For Crewed Lunar Exploration, Wei Yang, Yuyang He, Jinting Kang, Ruiyi Chen, Huihong Cheng, Li Sun, Pan Deng, Yong Wei, Yangting Lin, Xianhua Li
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
In order to better serve China’s crewed lunar exploration, this study researched and analyzed the current status of lunar exploration and planetary science research in China and the United States. Additionally, we conducted interviews and a questionnaire survey with experts in planetary science and deep-space exploration, and formed the following four policy recommendations: 1) Strengthening the layout and management of the disciplines of lunar and planetary sciences, and setting up a long-term and stable funding mechanism; 2) Improving the system of talent cultivation, and encouraging young talents to participate in deep-space exploration missions; 3) Strengthening the protection of original ideas, …
Reflections On Strengthening Digital Public Goods Institutions To Promote Construction Of Open Source Innovation Ecosystem,
2024
Institute of Strategic Studies, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200052, China
Reflections On Strengthening Digital Public Goods Institutions To Promote Construction Of Open Source Innovation Ecosystem, Chao Zhang, Ze Feng, Kaihua Chen, Qigang Zhu
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
The digital public goods institutions are important foundations for promoting the development of an open source innovation ecosystem, which helps to break the key limitations faced by China’s open source innovation ecosystem, such as the lack of unity in technology routes and concentration of R&D power. Based on discussing the significance of improving digital public goods institutions, this study reviews the experience of major countries in the world in building digital public goods institutions and analyzes the prominent problems faced by the construction of China’s digital public goods institutions. This study points out that China’s open source innovation ecosystem faces …
Overview On Autonomous Machine Computing,
2024
Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen 518129, China
Overview On Autonomous Machine Computing, Shaoshan Liu, Yiming Gan, Yinhe Han
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Autonomous machine computing, an innovative blend of algorithms, software, and cutting-edge computing hardware, is poised to be the next major paradigm shift in the global economy, following personal, mobile, and cloud computing. This study delves into the research and commercialization of the robotics industry, underscoring the critical importance of establishing a comprehensive autonomous machine computing ecosystem. This study argues that autonomous machine computing necessitates a complete ecosystem that encompasses applications, programming languages, and the foundational hardware architectures, and presents a comprehensive review of significant research contributions across these areas. Moreover, the study explores the synergy between autonomous machine computing and …
Benefits And Challenges Of Constructing Low-Altitude Air Route Network Infrastructure For Developing Low-Altitude Economy,
2024
State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Low-Altitude Geographic Information and Route, Civil Aviation Administration of China, Beijing 100101, China
Benefits And Challenges Of Constructing Low-Altitude Air Route Network Infrastructure For Developing Low-Altitude Economy, Xiaohan Liao, Chenchen Xu, Huping Ye
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Low-altitude airspace is a resource that needs to be fully explored, and the low-altitude economy is a new type of economic activity resulted from low-altitude airspace exploration and utilization. As the primary players of low-altitude flight activities, the commercialization and wide applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are promoting the prosperity of the low-altitude economy. A low-altitude air route network is an effective means to ensure the safe and efficient operations of a large number of UAVs, and it is also a new key infrastructure hosting low-altitude traffic. The history shows that the investment on public transport infrastructure as a …
Prospect And Problem Analysis Of Industry Data Application In Livestock And Poultry Breeding,
2024
CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; Zhongke Jieyun (Beijing) Information Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 101499, China
Prospect And Problem Analysis Of Industry Data Application In Livestock And Poultry Breeding, Yiran Chen, Zhuqing Xiong, Jiaogen Zhou, Quan Wang, Jiancheng Shu, Yinfa Yan, Lanlin Yang, Zemeng Feng, Benhai Xiong, Yulong Yin
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Livestock and poultry breeding is a pillar industry in China. The massive data in livestock and poultry breeding is a valuable resource. The market-oriented utilization of livestock and poultry breeding data plays an important role in improving industry standards, increasing industry profits, and driving the development of the entire industry chain. Currently, based on the demand for marketization of livestock and poultry breeding data, the application of new generation information technologies such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things in the process of livestock and poultry breeding to collect breeding process data, after de-sensitization and de-classification, through cloud computing, …
Thoughts On Status Quo And Approaches Of Scientists Engaging In Science Popularization In The New Era,
2024
China Research Institute for Science Popularization, Beijing 100081, China
Thoughts On Status Quo And Approaches Of Scientists Engaging In Science Popularization In The New Era, Dapeng Wang, Rongli Huang, Ling Chen
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Science popularization is the foundation for achieving innovation development. On July 20, 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping answered the letter from 20 academician representatives of “Science & China”, hoping them “continue to make new contributions to high-level self-reliance of science and technology and Chinese style modernization”. Scientists, represented by academicians, should play an even greater role in the macro-science-popularization strategy of the new era, and they are the fountainhead of science popularization. This study, based on the discussion of the value and meaning of scientists engaging in science popularization, summarizes the status quo and format of scientists engaging in science …
Policy Overview (August–September, 2024),
2024
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Policy Overview (August–September, 2024)
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
No abstract provided.
Publication Of Annual Check Of Press Cards In Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences,
2024
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Publication Of Annual Check Of Press Cards In Bulletin Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
No abstract provided.
Navigating The Landscape: Perceptions, Motivations, And The Journey Of Data Professionals In Implementing Data Processes And Procedures,
2024
University of Missouri-St. Louis
Navigating The Landscape: Perceptions, Motivations, And The Journey Of Data Professionals In Implementing Data Processes And Procedures, Willie Rivers
Dissertations
This explanatory study investigates the motivations behind data professionals' willingness or resistance to implementing data policies and procedures, utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior and Psychological Ownership as frameworks. Through interviews with 21 data professionals, the research explains how factors such as perceived control, ownership, and attitudes towards data processes influence their motivation. The study tests key propositions, including the impact of perceived time burdens, bureaucratic procedures, and organizational expectations on data governance engagement. The findings underscore the critical role of control and access to information in motivating the adoption of data policies, providing insights for organizations aiming to enhance …
Promoting Industrial Innovation Through Sci-Tech Finance Under New Situation,
2024
School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Promoting Industrial Innovation Through Sci-Tech Finance Under New Situation, Tian Miao, Mai Wang
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
In the face of new missions in the new era, China’s science and technology finance system has become a key engine for driving innovation and achieving economic transformation. The study reviews the current development status of science and technology finance in China, summarizes policy experiences from developed countries and regions, and introduces commonly used financial instruments in the field. It finds that there are still certain weaknesses in how science and technology finance supports enterprise innovation. Against the backdrop of intensified global technological competition, rapid development of artificial intelligence, and the ongoing implementation of the dual carbon strategy, future reforms …
Policy Overview (August–September, 2025),
2024
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Policy Overview (August–September, 2025)
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
No abstract provided.
Key Technology Foresight And Policy Recommendation For Information Technology Enabling Smart Justice,
2024
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
Key Technology Foresight And Policy Recommendation For Information Technology Enabling Smart Justice, Yirong Wu, Shuo Liu
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Fair justice is the last line of defense for maintaining social fairness and justice, and promoting the construction of smart justice is an important means to improve the efficiency and fairness of judicial work. Currently, China’s smart judiciary is in a critical stage of upgrading its intelligence in areas such as investigation, trial, supervision, and judicial execution, empowered by information technology. The application of information technology in national governance faces order dilemmas and security risks, with the establishment of corresponding laws and regulations demonstrating noticeable lag. Designating to meet the demand of information technology supporting the construction of smart justice …
