Stimulus–Response Congruency Effects Depend On Quality Of Perceptual Evidence: A Diffusion Model Account,
2023
College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University
Stimulus–Response Congruency Effects Depend On Quality Of Perceptual Evidence: A Diffusion Model Account, Blaine Tomkins
Psychology Faculty Publications
Individuals often need to make quick decisions based on incomplete or “noisy” information. This requires the coordination of attentional, perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral mechanisms. This poses a challenge for isolating the unique effects of each subprocess from behavioral data, which reflect the summation of all subprocesses combined. Sequential sampling models offer a more detailed examination of behavioral data, enabling us to separate decisional and non-decisional processes at play in a task. Participants were required to identify briefly presented shapes while perceptual (duration, size, location) and response features (location-congruent/-incongruent/-neutral) of the task were manipulated. The diffusion model (Ratcliff, 1978) was used …
The Dynamics Of Emotion-Related Impulsivity: An Analysis Of Emotional Control And Daily Emotion-Driven Urges And Actions Via Ecological Momentary Assessment,
2023
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
The Dynamics Of Emotion-Related Impulsivity: An Analysis Of Emotional Control And Daily Emotion-Driven Urges And Actions Via Ecological Momentary Assessment, Jeremy B. Clift
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Emotion-related impulsivity, or the engagement in impulsive reactions specifically in response to emotions, has been identified as a crucial transdiagnostic factor. Mixed evidence from ecological momentary assessments (EMA) underscores a potential discrepancy between the existing measurements of emotion-related impulsivity at trait and state levels. Unlike previous EMA studies examining emotion-related impulsivity through measures of urgency, the current study tested Carver and colleagues’ (2008) reflexive responding to emotion framework by investigating the relationship between emotional control and emotion-related impulsivity. Participants (N = 197) with varying levels of emotional control completed one week of EMA to investigate two central questions. First, we …
What Cognitive Processes Drive Attentional Bias, And How Does Stress Affect Them?,
2023
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
What Cognitive Processes Drive Attentional Bias, And How Does Stress Affect Them?, Colton L. Hunter
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Attentional biases toward or away from emotionally evocative stimuli have been well documented and related to clinical outcomes such as social anxiety. Some work has suggested that stress modulates attentional biases, but there are a number of inconsistencies in this literature regarding the direction of that modulation, highlighting a need to examine moderators of that effect. Sex differences in stress effects could potentially explain this inconsistency, as acute stress can affect males and females differently. It is also possible that stress differentially influences multiple component processes underpinning attentional bias, but these processes have not been well character, and to date …
The Interaction Of Psychopathic Traits And Self-Agency In A Student And Community Sample,
2023
University of Missouri, St. Louis
The Interaction Of Psychopathic Traits And Self-Agency In A Student And Community Sample, Carter B. Wheelock
Undergraduate Research Symposium
The current study aims to explore the relationship between an individual’s psychopathic traits and their experience of agency as previous research has yet to examine the contributions of these constructs in a non-criminal sample. The current study hypothesized that an individual’s total psychopathy and blame externalization subscale scores would have a negative correlation with their scores of self-agency. The participants (N = 73, 63% female), who were university students or nonstudents from the local community, completed online surveys assessing their psychopathic traits and experience of agency via the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) and Sense of Agency Scale (SoAS). Our analysis …
Addicted To The Beloved? - A Comparison Of Craving For And Attention To The Beloved, And Vape Stimuli,
2023
University of Missouri-St. Louis
Addicted To The Beloved? - A Comparison Of Craving For And Attention To The Beloved, And Vape Stimuli, Oluchi Onyegbula, Caitlyn Harriman, Sandra Langeslag
Undergraduate Research Symposium
People who are in love seem to be addicted to their beloved. People who are in love have attentional biases for the beloved and people who are addicted have attentional biases for the substance they are using. This raises the question of how similar craving and attention are for the beloved and an addictive substance. However, there are no studies that directly compared craving and attention to the beloved and addictive stimuli. The aims of the current research were to directly compare subjective emotional experiences and sustained motivated attention for the beloved and vape stimuli, in people who are both …
Music & Synesthesia: An Exploration Of Synesthesia And Its Relation To Musical Perception,
2023
University of the Pacific
Music & Synesthesia: An Exploration Of Synesthesia And Its Relation To Musical Perception, Raquel S. Johnson
Pacific Undergraduate Research and Creativity Conference (PURCC)
This research investigates synesthesia and its impact on musical perception. Synesthesia is the multimodal sensory phenomenon in which the stimulation of one sensory modality generates the experience of a second, otherwise unrelated sense. Discussed topics include: a description of synesthesia and its neurophysiological and perceptual characteristics, the historical conceptualization and documentation of synesthesia beginning with the ancient Greeks, and present-day scientific inquiry. This research explores three varying types of auditory synesthesia - chromesthesia (sound-to-color synesthesia), auditory-tactile synesthesia, and sound-gustatory/sound-olfactory synesthesia - and their multimodal sensory characteristics in relation to music. Prominent neurophysiological hypotheses regarding the existence of synesthesia are examined, …
Perceived Tempo Is Influenced By Embodied Dance Speed And Latin Dance Expertise,
2023
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Perceived Tempo Is Influenced By Embodied Dance Speed And Latin Dance Expertise, Ryan K. Perez, Carolina A. Herrera, Melanie Garcia [email protected], Miguel A. Castaño, Jared W. Leslie
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
Tempo is the speed of a piece of music and is measured in beats per minute (BPM). Tempo perception is subjective and may be influenced by the listener’s musical culture. Even for the same tempo, some dances are faster than others depending on the dance and culture. In the present study, we ask whether the speed of dance movements for a given song influences subjective perception of that song’s tempo among listeners with and without prior experience dancing to Latin music.
Can Reconsolidation Account For The Misinformation Effect?,
2023
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Can Reconsolidation Account For The Misinformation Effect?, Olesya T. Frolova, Gabriel E. Hull
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
A successful replication of Rindal & Zaragoza (2016) would indicate that reconsolidation cannot account for the misinformation effect. Current preliminary data supports the results found by the original study, suggesting that an alternative theory must be explored to explain the misinformation effect. For example, it is possible that the original memory is not altered by the misinformation but competes with the original memory leading to temporary inaccessibility at test. Results from this study could influence law enforcement interview techniques to avoid false testimonies. One limitation of the study is that performance on the test was potentially too good; this will …
The Time Window Of Reconsolidation: A Replication,
2023
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The Time Window Of Reconsolidation: A Replication, Mateo Marquez, Jessica Nguyen
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
Reconsolidation is the process whereby activating a consolidated memory can bring it into a labile state where it can be strengthened, weakened, or updated. Hupbach et al., (2007) showed that memory updating is only found when the reconsolidation process has time to complete. This finding has been argued to be due to other memory processes (Sederberg et al., 2011). Before testing alternative explanations, the result needs to be replicated by an independent lab.
Taking The Social Out Of Social Media: Social Media Induced Loneliness As A Mechanism For Elevated Depression During The Pandemic,
2023
University of Richmond
Taking The Social Out Of Social Media: Social Media Induced Loneliness As A Mechanism For Elevated Depression During The Pandemic, Samara Rosen
Honors Theses
During the COVID-19 pandemic health protocols limited in-person interactions, interrupting the undergraduate experience and prompting students to find virtual ways to connect with their peers. A key goal of this study was to assess whether college students’ social media use was a viable replacement for in-person interactions during the pandemic, reducing risk for psychological difficulties that ordinarily accompany social isolation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate loneliness as a potential mediator underlying the longitudinal relationship between social media use and depression. Self-report data were collected in November 2020 (T1), February 2021 (T2), and May 2021 (T3). The …
Sensitivity To Musical Groove Is Predicted By Sensitivity To Musical Chills, But Not General Musicality,
2023
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Sensitivity To Musical Groove Is Predicted By Sensitivity To Musical Chills, But Not General Musicality, Nicole Datastanyan, Kaela Omengan, Isabella Aceituno [email protected], Solena Mednicoff, Sivan Barashy
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
Previous research suggests that individual differences in musicality may predict groove sensitivity. Groovy music is highly stimulating music that makes listeners want to move while eliciting feelings of pleasure and arousal. Musicality refers to listeners’ affinity to music including musical talent, sophistication, and expertise. Frisson (musical chills) is an intense emotional response to music characterized by goosebumps or a tingling sensation.
Perceiving The Poster: How Suspicion Of Motives May Impact Perceptions Of Potential Allies Engaging In Online Activism,
2023
University of Richmond
Perceiving The Poster: How Suspicion Of Motives May Impact Perceptions Of Potential Allies Engaging In Online Activism, Kathrina Z. Durante
Honors Theses
Social media posts signaling support for various social and racial justice movements have emerged as an important aspect of social media use. However, little research has investigated how these posts and the social media users behind them are perceived by members of disadvantaged groups﹘those the messages are presumably intended to “help.” Though the post’s content and poster’s identity are likely important, the primary aim of this study is to investigate an individual difference variable in the perceiver, specifically disadvantaged group members’ Suspicion of Motives Index (SOMI) scores, which measure a general tendency to perceive White individuals’ attempts at non-prejudice to …
Why Diversity Is Not Enough: Perceptions Of University Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Initiatives Predict Institutional Belonging,
2023
University of Richmond
Why Diversity Is Not Enough: Perceptions Of University Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Initiatives Predict Institutional Belonging, Mckennah Lauber
Honors Theses
Belonging, including feelings of being valued in a larger institutional space, is important to student overall well-being. For students of color attending Primarily White Institutions (PWIs) (and other historically marginalized group members), institutional belonging maybe partially dependent on how they perceive diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives. This study aims to assess individual differences in how DEI initiatives are experienced by students at PWIs in order to better understand how experiences of DEI initiatives on campuses may differentially impact students of color compared to White students. Belonging for students of color was found to be contingent on their perceptions of …
The Effects Of Positive Anticipation On Optimistic Cognitive Bias And Emotional Resilience In Rats,
2023
University of Richmond
The Effects Of Positive Anticipation On Optimistic Cognitive Bias And Emotional Resilience In Rats, Megan Hooper
Honors Theses
The anticipation of positive events and optimism have been shown to improve health and emotional states in rats and humans. The current study is interested in the impact of positive anticipation on optimistic cognitive bias and emotional resilience, as well as neural markers of resilience. Male (n = 12) and female (n = 12) rats were assigned to either unpredictable positive expectancy response (UPER) training or the control (CON) group (n = 6 per group). Optimism was assessed using an ambiguous cue test (ACT) in which the rats were trained to associate a specific visual pattern with a high-value (Froot …
Maladaptive Social Cognitions And Peer Victimization In Elementary-Aged Students,
2023
University of Richmond
Maladaptive Social Cognitions And Peer Victimization In Elementary-Aged Students, Katelyn Szarko
Honors Theses
Among elementary-aged students, peer victimization is common and is associated with psychological maladjustment and poor academic achievement. Students with maladaptive social cognitions, like low social competence and low perceived control, are more likely to be victimized, but having a supportive teacher and/or a positive classroom climate might help to mitigate this association. This study aimed to answer the question of whether teacher support and classroom climate protect against peer victimization for students with maladaptive social cognitions. It was hypothesized that teacher support and classroom climate will separately moderate the link between social competence/perceived control and subsequent peer victimization such that …
The Effect Of Sleep And Emotion On Pattern Separation,
2023
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The Effect Of Sleep And Emotion On Pattern Separation, Sarah Al-Shimary, Alanna Osmanski
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
The relationship between sleep and memory has been a topic of interest in psychology for decades. Prior research demonstrates that the sleep state is an optimal time for memory consolidation to occur, most commonly through a model known as active systems consolidation. A widely accepted view of emotion is that sleep preferentially consolidations emotional over neutral material. Recent meta-analyses of sleep, emotion, and memory have suggested that this effect may not be as robust as we once thought. A new way to investigate the relationship between sleep and memory consolidation of emotional stimuli is with a pattern separation task known …
Does Children’S Openness To Experience And Musicality Influence Perception Of Major And Minor Musical Modes?,
2023
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Does Children’S Openness To Experience And Musicality Influence Perception Of Major And Minor Musical Modes?, Bryanna Grijalva, Natalya Sayegh, Carlos Tamayo, Ryan K. Perez, Sivan Barashy, Solena Mednicoff
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
Previous studies have found a relationship between openness to experience, musical training, and auditory abilities in adults. Openness to experience: one of the major personality traits that encapsulates how open-minded, creative, insightful, and imaginative a person can be. Tonality: the orientation of melodies and harmonies toward a referential pitch class. Musicality: one’s enthusiasm for music and desire to make music.
Investigating The Impact Of Dividing Attention On Auditory And Visual Object Memory,
2023
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Investigating The Impact Of Dividing Attention On Auditory And Visual Object Memory, Sharica Lee, Julius Hernandez, Ryan Tyler Sablan
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
Recently, we found that dividing attention reduced recollection and familiarity for visual objects, but a different pattern emerged for auditory object memory: auditory object recollection was not affected by dividing attention. This could be attributable to differing levels of baseline performance with visual memory far exceeding auditory memory. Thus, we attempted to equate baseline performance in both modalities in order to adequately investigate the previous findings.
General Chemistry Students’ Perceptions Of Remote/Online V. In-Person Education During The Covid-19 Pandemic,
2023
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
General Chemistry Students’ Perceptions Of Remote/Online V. In-Person Education During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Sabeeka Raza, Abigale Ly
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
As a result of the sudden nationwide lockdowns that occurred in March of 2020, many universities rapidly shifted to remote instruction. This complete and rapid transformation of the education system is one that is historically unparalleled. Professors and instructors were forced to adapt their lessons and exams to an online format within a matter of weeks (Rupnow et al., 2020). Students were forced to adjust to a remote learning environment, which was accompanied by the challenges of adopting new learning strategies in an environment isolated from peers and professors (Simon et al., 2020). While many classes have now shifted back …
Plant Sentience: The Burden Of Proof,
2023
The University of Idaho
Plant Sentience: The Burden Of Proof, Jon Mallatt, David G. Robinson, Michael R. Blatt, Andreas Draguhn, Lincoln Taiz
Animal Sentience
Segundo-Ortin & Calvo’s (2023) target article takes a less speculative and more evidence-based approach to plant sentience than did previous works promoting that idea. However, it retains many of the idea’s longstanding difficulties such as starting from a false dichotomy (plants must be either hardwired or sentient), not accepting the full burden of proof for an extraordinary claim, confusingly redefining accepted cognitive terms, implying cell consciousness, not adopting the most parsimonious explanations for plant behaviors, and downplaying all the counterevidence. We advise rectifying these problems before plant sentience can become a full-fledged scientific domain.
