Collaborative Inhibition: A Counterintuitive Phenomenon,
2010
Butler University
Collaborative Inhibition: A Counterintuitive Phenomenon, Lauren Michelle Mcclure
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Recollection is frequently social; people tend to remember with others and when they do, their joint recollection is enhanced (Meudell, Hitch & Kirby, 1992). While one intuitively thinks that collaboration would enhance memory, Weldon, et al. (1997) argued that recalling with others impairs retrieval of "unique items." This collaborative inhibition (CI), occurs when pairs of subjects recall fewer correct "unique" items than others recall in isolation. This is a common result in many studies and has been attributed to both social and cognitive causes. This study examined whether or not collaborative inhibition would disappear if the total possible number of …
Memories For Sexual Encounters: Sexual Attitudes, Personality, Gender, And Evidence For Personal Flashbulb Effects,
2010
Butler University
Memories For Sexual Encounters: Sexual Attitudes, Personality, Gender, And Evidence For Personal Flashbulb Effects, Nicholas Ryan Comotto
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Recollections of first and most recent sex experiences were examined as personal flashbulb memories (FBM) using "open" narrative and probed recall estimates over the course of two studies. Furthermore, dimensions of gender, personality, and sexual attitudes were analyzed for their effects on sexual memory. Although both experiences were rated as equally arousing, the first sexual experience occurred with a longer delay to test and was talked about more than three times as much as the most recent experience. However, memories for most recent sexual experiences were rated as more vivid in study II. Yet, first sexual memories contained more narrative …
The Significance Of Error Type In Text-Based Person Perception,
2010
Stephen F Austin State University
The Significance Of Error Type In Text-Based Person Perception, John W. Harden
Undergraduate Research Conference
Previous research has suggested that errors of spelling can somewhat negatively impact reader perceptions of an author's writing and cognitive abilities (e.g., Kreiner, Schnakenberg, Green, Costello, & McClin 2002; Harden, Johnson, West, & Lancaster 2009). Past research, however, has not take into account the differences inherent in certain error types. The current research sought to extend upon previous findings with the inclusion of a new error type. The new error type is referred to as an error of orthography, and is operationally defined as an error of spelling that might impact the context of the sentence to which it belongs …
Eyewitness Accuracy: Can Conformity Negatively Influence Testimony Reliability?,
2010
Stephen F Austin State University
Eyewitness Accuracy: Can Conformity Negatively Influence Testimony Reliability?, Monica Rhodes
Undergraduate Research Conference
No abstract provided.
Indlovukazi Yase-Afrika (Zulu Queen): A Curriculum For Young Women’S Empowerment In Kwa-Zulu Natal,
2010
SIT Study Abroad
Indlovukazi Yase-Afrika (Zulu Queen): A Curriculum For Young Women’S Empowerment In Kwa-Zulu Natal, Judith Merzbach
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
Fifteen years into a democratic society, fifteen years after the abolition of a governmental structure that purposefully marginalized a majority of citizens, South African women are still living as a marginalized majority. While the position of women holding symbolic and representational positions remains changed for the better, the role of women in civil society has made little progress. Since the end of apartheid, the number of cases of sexual assault and rape against women continues to increase, painting a bleak picture regarding the protection of women. Young women also find themselves the victims of HIV/AIDS at an incredibly unbalanced rate …
Locus Of Control And The Age Difference In Free Recall From Episodic Memory,
2010
Montclair State University
Locus Of Control And The Age Difference In Free Recall From Episodic Memory, Paul Amrhein, Judith K. Bond, Derek Hamilton
Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The authors investigated the relation of locus of control (LOC) to age differences in free-recall memory performance. Older and younger participants completed P. C. Duttweiler's (1984) Internal Control Index (ICI) and subsequently performed free-recall memory tasks. Compared with the younger participants, the older participants exhibited poorer recall with more intrusions and uncorrected repetition errors as well as reduced categorical clustering. For the older participants with less internal LOC, recall proportion and item-pair associative recall clustering were lower than for the older participants with more internal LOC. By contrast, the younger participants did not exhibit any LOC effects in their recall …
A Phenomenological Study Of Racialized Experiences Of Asian Adopt Adoptees,
2010
University of Denver
A Phenomenological Study Of Racialized Experiences Of Asian Adopt Adoptees, Cindi Kim
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the nature and meaning of racial and ethnic identity as described by adult Asian adoptees who were transracially and internationally adopted. Particular focus of the study examined the racialization experiences and the relationships between racial and ethnic identity and socialization, and identified key influences on self-perception. The intent of this study was to gain insight into how this particular social group negotiated racial issues during different stages of development, while maintaining a sense of self. This study's approach took a narrative form, as participants described the essence of their experience contributing to their racial and ethnic identity …
An Erp Investigation Of Hand-Based Bias On Visual Attention,
2010
University of Denver
An Erp Investigation Of Hand-Based Bias On Visual Attention, John Philip Garza
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Recent behavioral studies have investigated the importance of hand and arm position in visual attentional processes. Reed et al. (2006) found facilitated (faster) detection for targets that appear in the space near the hand, relative to targets appearing on the opposite side of a monitor display. The current study aimed to explore the potential bottom-up and top-down neural sources underlying this hand-bias effect on attention with ERP. Using a standard, non-predictive visual cuing paradigm, we examined early (N1, P1) and later (P3) ERP components in response target presentations in three conditions: with the non-responding hand resting on the table (Resting), …
Listen Carefully: The Risk Of Error In Spoken Medication Orders,
2010
Cleveland State University
Listen Carefully: The Risk Of Error In Spoken Medication Orders, Conor T. Mclennan
Psychology Faculty Publications
Clinicians and patients often confuse drug names that sound alike. We conducted auditory perception experiments in the United States to assess the impact of similarity, familiarity, background noise and other factors on clinicians' (physicians, family pharmacists, nurses) and laypersons' ability to identify spoken drug names. We found that accuracy increased significantly as the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio increased, as subjective familiarity with the name increased and as the national prescribing frequency of the name increased. For clinicians only, similarity to other drug names reduced identification accuracy, especially when the neighboring names were frequently prescribed. When one name was substituted for another, …
Delgadina: From Romance To Corrido On The Us-Mexico Border,
2010
Santa Clara University
Delgadina: From Romance To Corrido On The Us-Mexico Border, Sara Soledad Garcia
Teacher Education
This study examines in its context one variant of the Spanish romance of Delgadina transmuted into a Mexican corrido. Acknowledging the studies by Beatriz Mariscal and the feminist interpretations of Maria Henera-Sobek, this study is a departure from past critical work in that it attempts to examine the cognitive effect on both singers and listeners of the modern corrido form and the continuity of the tale and the theme of incest. Memory systems generated through popular song are examined as they relate to Delgadina's purpose as a tale, in terms of its social and moral message and impact. Interviews were …
Priming God-Related Concepts Increases Anxiety And Task Persistence,
2010
Gettysburg College
Priming God-Related Concepts Increases Anxiety And Task Persistence, Tina M. Toburen, Brian P. Meier
Psychology Faculty Publications
Research on the relationship between religiosity and anxiety has been mixed, with some studies revealing a positive relation and other studies revealing a negative relation. The current research used an experimental design, perhaps for the first time, to examine anxiety and task persistence during a stressful situation. Christians and Atheists/Agnostics/Others were primed with God-related or neutral (non-God related) concepts before completing an unsolvable anagram task described as a measure of verbal intelligence. The results revealed that the God-related primes increased both task persistence and anxiousness, which suggests that experimentally induced God-related thoughts caused participants to persist longer on a stressful …
Crossing The ‘Uncanny Valley’: Adaptation To Cartoon Faces Can Influence Perception Of Human Faces,
2010
Harvard University
Crossing The ‘Uncanny Valley’: Adaptation To Cartoon Faces Can Influence Perception Of Human Faces, Haiwen Chen, Richard Russell, Ken Nakayama, Margaret Livingstone
Psychology Faculty Publications
In this study we assessed whether there is a single face space common to both human and cartoon faces by testing whether adaptation to cartoon faces can affect perception of human faces. Participants were shown Japanese animation cartoon videos containing faces with abnormally large eyes. The use of animated videos eliminated the possibility of position-dependent retinotopic adaptation (because the faces appear at many different locations) and more closely simulated naturalistic exposure. Adaptation to cartoon faces with large eyes significantly shifted preferences for human faces toward larger eyes, consistent with a common, non-retinotopic representation for both cartoon and human faces. This …
Narcissism, Relationship Satisfaction, And Emotional Intelligence Among Female College Students,
2010
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Narcissism, Relationship Satisfaction, And Emotional Intelligence Among Female College Students, Chelsea Link, William Bailey
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
Emotional intelligence and narcissism have an influence on the overall relationship satisfaction people have with their significant others. Researchers have reported that as emotional intelligence increases, so does relationship satisfaction. However, researchers have also reported that as narcissism increases, relationship satisfaction decreases. No previous study has examined all three concepts together, which is the purpose of this study. Female college students (N = 169) were given a questionnaire comprised of measures to assess emotional intelligence, narcissism, and relationship satisfaction. Correlation analysis determined there was a weak relationship between emotional intelligence and narcissism (r = 0.28). Regression analysis found no relationship …
A New Perspective On Visual Word Processing Efficiency,
2010
Wright State University - Main Campus
A New Perspective On Visual Word Processing Efficiency, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend
Psychology Faculty Publications
As a fundamental part of our daily lives, visual word processing has received much attention in the psychological literature. Despite the well established perceptual advantages of word and pseudoword context using accuracy, a comparable effect using response times has been elusive. Some researchers continue to question whether the advantage due to word context is perceptual. We use the capacity coefficient, a well established, response time based measure of efficiency to provide evidence of word processing as a particularly efficient perceptual process to complement those results from the accuracy domain.
Effect Of Apology Focus On Perceptions Of Sincerity, Apology Acceptance And Forgiveness,
2010
Edith Cowan University
Effect Of Apology Focus On Perceptions Of Sincerity, Apology Acceptance And Forgiveness, Sophie M. Beesley
Theses : Honours
The restorative justice process involves bringing the offender, their families, the victim and other stakeholders together, to discuss a particular offence and the impact on all those involved (Braithwaite, 2002). The intention of the restorative justice approach is to repair harm and restore relationships through forgiveness and reconciliation (Braithwaite, 2002). One way of achieving forgiveness is through an apology, and it is asserted by researchers that forgiving is significantly increased by an apology if the victim perceives that the apology is sincere, however, the indicators victims used to perceive the wrongdoer as truly sorry were unclear (Allan, Allan, Kaminer, & …
Stability And Accuracy Of Long-Term Memory For Musical Tempo,
2010
Edith Cowan University
Stability And Accuracy Of Long-Term Memory For Musical Tempo, Avril Fairclough
Theses : Honours
While prior research inconclusively demonstrates how musical information is stored in long-term memory, a recent study by Hay (2009) found that interference reduced long-term memory for musical pitch. The present study extended this research to musical tempo and examined whether the stability and accuracy of long-term memory for tempo would be reduced as a result of interference from altered familiar songs. The independent variable was the tempo of excerpts from well-known pop songs, which were presented in either the original form or with the tempo increased or decreased by 10%. Participants with no formal musical training listened to a series …
Investigation Of Working Memory Across Behavioral And Executive Function Variables In Adolescents With Emotional Disturbance,
2010
Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine
Investigation Of Working Memory Across Behavioral And Executive Function Variables In Adolescents With Emotional Disturbance, Eleazar Cruz Eusebio
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
Newer insights into working memory may have important implications for understanding varying cognitive abilities in adolescents and their corresponding degrees of success and efforts to accomplish real-world goals. It is important to investigate the construct of working memory in relation to academic, behavioral, and emotional success at school for students classified with an Emotionally Disturbance (ED). In the educational system, students are classified as ED, based upon IDEA regulations present within a multiplicity of these cognitive, behavioral, socio-emotional, and academic difficulties. The associated cognitive deficits often involve poor working memory skills thought to be related to frontal lobe processes. Considering …
Cosmetic Surgery Pictures: Does Type Of Picture Affect Acceptance Of Cosmetic Surgery And/Or Body Image?,
2010
University of North Florida
Cosmetic Surgery Pictures: Does Type Of Picture Affect Acceptance Of Cosmetic Surgery And/Or Body Image?, Lindsay Nicole Fuzzell
UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The researcher investigates the effect of viewing positive and negative cosmetic surgery images, with short descriptive scenarios, on acceptance of cosmetic surgery. Two hundred ninety-nine participants were assigned to view one of three conditions: positive before/after cosmetic surgery pictures and an accompanying scenario, negative pictures and scenario, or no pictures or scenario (control), followed by the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS, Henderson-King & Henderson-King, 2005), the Body Parts Satisfaction Scale (Berscheid, Walster, & Bohrstedt, 1973), and the Physical Self Description Questionnaire (Marsh, Richards, Johnson, Roche, & Tremayne, 1994). There was a significant relationship between ACSS Intrapersonal subscale and picture/scenario …
Status Is Fine For The In-Group But Out-Group Members Watch Out: Examining An Optimal Model Of Face Processing Using Eye-Tracking,
2010
University of Northern Iowa
Status Is Fine For The In-Group But Out-Group Members Watch Out: Examining An Optimal Model Of Face Processing Using Eye-Tracking, J. Daniel Mccarthy
Dissertations and Theses @ UNI
Face recognition is an important factor in everyday social interaction. Bruce and Young's (1986) model of face processing has been largely accepted as a model for face processing, however, it fails to account for differential processing based on race. MacLin and MacLin (in press) propose the presence of a cognitive gating mechanism (CGM) that suggests different processing strategies are used for in-group and out-group members. To date, the model has only been examined using novel stimuli. The present research examined the model using famous and nonfamous African-American and Caucasian faces to determine if the CGM adequately explains the recognition of …
