No Two Can Be Alike,
2014
Northern Michigan University
No Two Can Be Alike, Harry Whitaker, Leah Piggott, Nicoletta Fraire, Emily Depetro, Casey Pernaski
Poster Sessions
No abstract provided.
Long-Lasting Sensitization Induced By Repeated Risperidone
Treatment In Adolescent Sprague-Dawley Rats: A Possible D2 Receptor Mediated Phenomenon?,
2014
Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
Long-Lasting Sensitization Induced By Repeated Risperidone Treatment In Adolescent Sprague-Dawley Rats: A Possible D2 Receptor Mediated Phenomenon?, Jing Qiao, Jun Gao, Qing Shu, Qinglin Zhang, Gang Hu, Ming Li
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Rationale Risperidone use in children and adolescents for the treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, autism, disruptive behavior, etc.) has increased substantially in recent decades. However, its long-term effect on the brain and behavioral functions is not well understood. Objective The present study investigated how a short-term risperidone treatment in adolescence impacts antipsychotic response in adulthood in the conditioned avoidance response and phencyclidine (PCP)-induced hyperlocomotion tests. Methods Male adolescent Sprague-Dawley rats (postnatal days [P] 40–44 or 43–48) were first treated with risperidone (0.3, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously (sc)) and tested in the conditioned avoidance or PCP (3.2 mg/kg, …
Visual Search And Attention In Blue Jays (Cyanocitta
Cristata): Associative Cuing And Sequential Priming,
2014
Sagami Women's University
Visual Search And Attention In Blue Jays (Cyanocitta Cristata): Associative Cuing And Sequential Priming, Kazuhiro Goto, Alan B. Bond, Marianna Burks, Alan C. Kamil
Alan Bond Publications
Visual search for complex natural targets requires focal attention, either cued by predictive stimulus associations or primed by a representation of the most recently detected target. Because both processes can focus visual attention, cuing and priming were compared in an operant search task to evaluate their relative impacts on performance and to determine the nature of their interaction in combined treatments. Blue jays were trained to search for pairs of alternative targets among distractors. Informative or ambiguous color cues were provided before each trial, and targets were presented either in homogeneous blocked sequences or in constrained random order. Initial task …
Effects Of 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2c Receptor Agonist Mk212 And 2a Receptor Antagonist Mdl100907 On Maternal Behavior In
Postpartum Female Rats,
2014
Southwest University, Chongqing, China
Effects Of 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2c Receptor Agonist Mk212 And 2a Receptor Antagonist Mdl100907 On Maternal Behavior In Postpartum Female Rats, Weihai Chen, Qi Zhang, Wenxin Su, Yu Yang, Jing Qiao, Nan Sui, Ming Li
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Maternal behavior in rats is a highly motivated and well-organized social behavior. Given the known roles of serotonin (5-HT) in emotion, motivation, social behavior, and major depression – and its known interaction with dopamine – it is likely that serotonin also plays a crucial role in this behavior. So far, there are surprisingly few studies focusing on 5-HT in maternal behavior, except for maternal aggression. In the present study,we examined the effects of 5-HT2C receptor agonism and 5-HT2A receptor antagonism on maternal behavior in postpartum female rats.We hypothesized that activation of 5-HT2C receptors and blockade of 5-HT …
Direct And Relational Representation During Transitive List Linking In Pinyon Jays (Gymnorhinus Cyanocephalus),
2014
SESYNC, Annapolis, MD
Direct And Relational Representation During Transitive List Linking In Pinyon Jays (Gymnorhinus Cyanocephalus), Cynthia Wei, Alan Kamil, Alan B. Bond
Alan Bond Publications
The authors used the list-linking procedure (Treichler & Van Tilburg, 1996) to explore the processes by which animals assemble cognitive structures from fragmentary and often contradictory data. Pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) were trained to a high level of accuracy on two implicit transitive lists. They were then given linkage training on the single pair that linked the two lists into a composite, 10-item hierarchy. Following linkage training, the birds were tested on nonadjacent probe pairs drawn both from within (B-D and 2–4) and between (D-1, E-2, B-2, C-3) each original list. Linkage training resulted in a significant transitory disruption in …
Using Otoacoustic Emissions To Evaluate Efferent Auditory Function In Humans,
2014
CUNY Graduate Center
Using Otoacoustic Emissions To Evaluate Efferent Auditory Function In Humans, Simon Henin
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The auditory system continually adapts to changes in the acoustic environment over short periods of time. This fine-tuning of its dynamics is mediated in part by the medial olivocochlear (MOC) bundle, a neural feedback loop which aids in the regulation of cochlear micro-mechanics. The ability to measure the response of the MOC system in humans may provide significant insight into unique cochlear functions, such as its sharp frequency selectivity and wide dynamic range. In humans the efferent system can be investigated non-invasively using otoacoustic emissions (OAEs). However, how OAEs can best be used to evaluate efferent function, the pitfalls associated …
A Pilot Study On The Effects Of Exercise On Depression Symptoms Using Levels Of Neurotransmitters And Eeg As Markers,
2014
Liberty University
A Pilot Study On The Effects Of Exercise On Depression Symptoms Using Levels Of Neurotransmitters And Eeg As Markers, Timothy H. Barclay, Scott Richards, James Schoffstall, Chad Magnuson, Christine Mcphee, Josh Price, Stephen Aita, Audrey Anderson, Dan Johnson, Jerry Price
Faculty Publications and Presentations
Context: The prescribing of exercise by physicians has become a popular practice, yet the effectiveness of exercise on symptoms of depression is difficult to determine due to a lack of randomized controlled trials with clinical populations. Reports also indicate that only a small percentage of physicians advise their patients regarding exercise and confusion still exists as to how much and what types are best. Aims: To understand the mechanisms that make exercise a viable treatment in depression. Settings and Design: This study employed a six‑week, two group, single‑level trial, pre‑ and posttest design using self‑report of symptoms, blood …
An Introduction To Drugs And The Neuroscience Of Behavior,
2014
Northern Michigan University
An Introduction To Drugs And The Neuroscience Of Behavior, Adam J. Prus
Books
This up-to-date text provides an introductory overview of the nervous system actions and behavioral effects of the major classes of psychoactive drugs, using pedagogy unique among pharmacology texts to make the topic approachable.
Understanding The Role Of Nutritional Stress In The Adult And Developing Zebra Finch,
2014
Wayne State University
Understanding The Role Of Nutritional Stress In The Adult And Developing Zebra Finch, Jessica Bayley Thompson
Wayne State University Dissertations
Songbirds are particularly susceptible to stress during the sensitive period for song learning. Thus the developmental stress hypothesis (DSH) proposes that adult song reflects a male's early life environment during this period. Nutritional stress (NS) has been shown to cause deficits in song learning and adult song output that are salient to females. Female song birds consistently prefer control males over those raised under NS, yet the effects NS on females are still unclear. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) has been implicated in this process. However, evidence directly linking HPA functioning to the deficits due to NS have inconsistently shown elevations …
Self-Construal Moderates Testosterone Reactivity To Competitive Outcomes,
2014
Wayne State University
Self-Construal Moderates Testosterone Reactivity To Competitive Outcomes, Keith Welker
Wayne State University Dissertations
Previous research shows that testosterone reactivity to competitive outcomes predicts aggressive behavior in men. However, some studies have failed to find these effects, and it has been suggested that individual differences moderate the relationships between competitive outcomes, testosterone fluctuations, and aggressive behavior. The current research examined whether one individual difference--self-construal--would moderate these effects. In Study 1, participants were assigned to win or lose a competitive video game and engaged in a reactive aggression task. Results indicated that increases in testosterone in response to winning and decreases in response to losing occurred in men with independent, not interdependent, self-construals. These changes …
Changes In Cerebral White Matter, Vascular Risk And Cognition Across The Adult Lifespan,
2014
Wayne State University
Changes In Cerebral White Matter, Vascular Risk And Cognition Across The Adult Lifespan, Andrew Robert Bender
Wayne State University Dissertations
Numerous studies over the past decade have used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to examine associations between age, diffusion and anisotropy measures of cerebral white matter (WM), and cognitive performance. However, few have examined relationships between intra-individual change in DTI measures of WM and cognitive function. It is possible that the extant cross-sectional findings are a poor representation of age-related change in WM and cognition. The present study used latent difference-score modeling (LDM) to assess change over two years in DTI indices fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (DR), axial diffusivity (DA) and mean diffusivity (MD). In addition, we examined the effects …
Grounded Labels From The Behavioral International Economic Development Growth Path Model On Economic Development Patterns From 2002-2012,
2014
Walden University
Grounded Labels From The Behavioral International Economic Development Growth Path Model On Economic Development Patterns From 2002-2012, Kenneth Thomas Davis
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Economic models generally fail to adequately measure positive and negative growth paths in development through agrarian, industry, and service economies. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to design a new model that could accommodate both directions of growth and better measure development paths with particular attention to labors contributions. The theoretical foundation for this study was Walt Whitman Rostow's 5 economic stages of growth classifications. This Study attempted to find the most common economic growth path. While most development models use three to five classifications, this study used nine new classifications giving it a unique and specific look …
The Effects Of Adherence To Asian Values And Extraversion On Cardiovascular Reactivity: A Comparison Between Asian And European Americans,
2014
Pitzer College
The Effects Of Adherence To Asian Values And Extraversion On Cardiovascular Reactivity: A Comparison Between Asian And European Americans, Lindsay K. Yamaoka
Pitzer Senior Theses
This study investigated the effects of personality type and ethnicity on reactivity to stressful stimuli by examining acculturation and adherence to Asian American cultural values as moderators. Twenty-two Asian American and twenty-two European American students performed a mental arithmetic task and a speech task while cardiovascular (CV) reactivity was monitored. Level of extraversion, acculturation, and adherence to Asian American values were assessed. As predicted, Asian Americans exhibited less CV reactivity to stressful stimuli and lower levels of extraversion than European Americans. Support was found for adherence to Asian American values as a moderator of the relationship between level of extraversion …
From Passive Receptacles To Active Contenders: Ovulation And Intrasexual Competition In Human Females,
2014
DePauw University
From Passive Receptacles To Active Contenders: Ovulation And Intrasexual Competition In Human Females, Andres E. Munoz 14
Honor Scholar Theses
Recent evidence has suggested that ovulation in humans might be accompanied by subtle cues. Furthermore, several studies have suggested that women engage in intrasexual competition, or competition with members of the same sex, with the aim of obtaining high quality mates. This competition involves the use of complex strategies including self-promotion and rival derogation. The link between ovulation and intrasexual competition remains largely underexplored, although a few studies have suggested that intrasexual competition might become intensified during ovulation. This paper explores the relationship between ovulatory cue detection and intrasexual competition and outlines two research proposals for future analysis of this …
The Role Of Glucose Transporter 4 During Cognitive Enhancement By Angiotensin Iv,
2014
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Role Of Glucose Transporter 4 During Cognitive Enhancement By Angiotensin Iv, Leslie Ann Sandusky
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized behaviorally by profound cognitive impairment. Currently, there is no cure for this disorder and available therapeutics only slow the progression of cognitive decline in a subset of the AD population Recent research has shifted to upregulation of the insulin signaling pathway as a mechanism to restore cognition in the AD population, as this system is known to be impaired in the AD brain. A possible novel therapeutic for the treatment of cognitive impairment is Angiotensin IV (Ang IV). Ang IV is an endogenous pentapeptide inhibitor of the insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) and …
The Role Of Igf-Ii In Memory Enhancement : Implications For Autism Spectrum Disorders,
2014
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Role Of Igf-Ii In Memory Enhancement : Implications For Autism Spectrum Disorders, Amy S. Kohtz
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Cognitive and memory impairments significantly affect multiple domains in life and play major roles in disease. Identifying critical mechanisms and factors that mediate memory consolidation and enhancement may represent an important approach for increasing cognition in normal adults and preventing or treating cognitive impairments. The expression of the C/EBP- target gene insulin-like growth factor 2, (IGF-II) is required for memory consolidation; furthermore, IGF-II administration during memory consolidation produces memory enhancement, increased memory persistence and prevents forgetting. In this thesis, I investigated the therapeutic potential of IGF-II to promote memory consolidation when administered systemically. In addition, I investigated one particularly interesting …
A Bittersweet Investigation Of Availability And Nutritive Value As Determinants Of Volitional Sucrose Consumption,
2014
Wilfrid Laurier University
A Bittersweet Investigation Of Availability And Nutritive Value As Determinants Of Volitional Sucrose Consumption, Milan D. Valyear
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Rats given ~24 h access to a 4% sucrose solution every 3rd day (E3DA) consume about 100 g more solution than rats with continuous, everyday access (EDA). Under the same EDA-E3DA conditions rats will consume similar amounts of a more concentrated 8 or 16% sucrose solutions (Eikelboom, Hewitt, & Adams, Unpublished). It maybe that with these more concentrated solutions rats hit a satiety limit that prevents a difference between EDA and E3DA consumption from being evident. Experiment 1 was conducted to investigate the effect of adding quinine to 4% and 8% sucrose solutions with the intention of reducing consumption …
Modulation Of Variation By Response-Reward Spatial Proximity,
2014
University of Mary Washington
Modulation Of Variation By Response-Reward Spatial Proximity, Kenneth J. Leising, Chad M. Ruprecht, W. David Stahlman
Psychological Science Articles
There has been a recent surge in the experimental investigation of the control of behavioral variability. Currently, it is understood that variability in behavior is predictably modulated by reinforcement parameters (e.g., a probability of reward delivery and reward magnitude). In two experiments, we investigated how spatial proximity between response and reward locations impacts the production of behavioral variability in both response rate and lever press duration. Rats were trained to lever press on two levers in a standard operant chamber that only differed from one another in their proximity to a food niche (i.e., Near vs. Far); a second experimental …
Long-Term Impacts Of Adolescent Risperidone Treatment On Behavioral Responsiveness To Olanzapine And Clozapine In Adulthood,
2014
Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
Long-Term Impacts Of Adolescent Risperidone Treatment On Behavioral Responsiveness To Olanzapine And Clozapine In Adulthood, Jing Qiao, Qinglin Zhang, Ming Li
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This preclinical study investigated howa short-termrisperidone treatment in adolescence impacts antipsychotic response to olanzapine and clozapine in adulthood. Antipsychotic effect was indexed by a drug's suppressive effect on avoidance responding in a rat conditioned avoidance response (CAR) model. Male adolescent Sprague–Dawley rats were first treated with risperidone (1.0mg/kg, sc) or sterile water and tested in the CAR model for 5 consecutive days from postnatal days P 40 to 44. After they became adults (~P 80–84), they were switched to olanzapine (0.5mg/kg, sc), clozapine (5.0mg/kg, sc) or vehicle treatment and tested for avoidance for 5 days. During the adolescent period, repeated …
Effects Of Vibrotactile Display Position And Shape On Extrapersonal Localization,
2014
Old Dominion University
Effects Of Vibrotactile Display Position And Shape On Extrapersonal Localization, Adam D. Sitz
Psychology Theses & Dissertations
Vibrotactile displays are capable of conveying extrapersonal spatial information to users navigating or operating within a three-dimensional environment (e.g., aircraft pilots). Although vibrotactile displays can be applied to many parts of the body, recent applications have focused on torso-based displays that egocentrically reference distal targets. However, these displays may be poorly suited to convey elevation because of the generally cylindrical shape of the human torso. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relative effectiveness of handheld vibrotactile displays configured either in a cylindrical or spherical-shape as compared to a torso-based display. Due to its shape, the spherical …
