An Analysis Of The Role Of Reactivity In The Observer Effect,
2017
Florida Institute of Technology
An Analysis Of The Role Of Reactivity In The Observer Effect, Allison Hughes King
Theses and Dissertations
Peer observations, which consist of employees observing and scoring their coworkers’ performance of some targeted behavior(s), are often an important component of behavioral safety interventions. Research on peer observations has demonstrated that individuals improve their performance of a task as a result of observing and evaluating their coworkers perform that task, a phenomenon known as the observer effect. Most of the research has demonstrated this effect when the observers were aware that their performance of the task was also being observed, suggesting that reactivity may play an important role. The current study examined this by evaluating the impact that observing …
Assessing The Combined Effects Of Resurgence And Renewal,
2017
Florida Institute of Technology
Assessing The Combined Effects Of Resurgence And Renewal, Madeleine Keevy
Theses and Dissertations
Resurgence and renewal are laboratory models of treatment relapse revealing the effects of treatment integrity errors and context change on problem behavior eliminated through treatment with differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA). This study used translational methods to assess the effects of context change after DRA (renewal) with and without extinction in the form of treatment integrity errors (resurgence) on relapse in children with autism. In Phase 1 and in Context A, we trained an arbitrary target response. In Phase 2 and in Context B, we extinguished the target response and reinforced an alternative response. Phase 3 tested for relapse …
The Effect Of Safety Coaching On The Accuracy Of Safety Observations And Feedback,
2017
Florida Institute of Technology
The Effect Of Safety Coaching On The Accuracy Of Safety Observations And Feedback, Nicholas Matey
Theses and Dissertations
Behavior-based safety (BBS) is an effective approach to decreasing workplace incidents and injuries. BBS typically consists of a peer observation and data collection process, and a feedback process. Accurate observations are required to provide accurate feedback, and accurate feedback is essential for acquisition and performance improvement. This study alternated observation only and required feedback phases during peer observations to examine whether requiring observers to provide immediate feedback following an observation affects the accuracy of the observation itself. Four participants were included in the study and the conditions were evaluated using a counterbalanced ABAB design. Results suggested that requiring observers to …
Effects Of Rich And Lean Treatment Contexts On Renewal,
2017
Florida Institute of Technology
Effects Of Rich And Lean Treatment Contexts On Renewal, Sandhya Rajagopal
Theses and Dissertations
Relapse of problem behavior following behavioral intervention can occur for many reasons, including a change in setting after treatment. Reappearance of a previously extinguished behavior due to a context change is termed renewal. Laboratory models have demonstrated renewal by training a target behavior in one stimulus context, extinguishing the behavior in another context, and testing for relapse in the training context, where the behavior remains in extinction. Basic-research studies of relapse have also shown that conditions of the treatment environment, such as reinforcement schedules, can affect the amount of relapse observed. Assuming that quality of the treatment context could have …
Feedback And Effort: A Translational Study,
2017
Florida Institute of Technology
Feedback And Effort: A Translational Study, Andressa Arana Sleiman
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate an arrangement to establish feedback as more preferred when delivered after higher effort responding rather than lower effort responding. The study took place in the laboratory settings to simulate a working environment. Participants had to complete a mock medical data entry task, and after either one or 20 responses they received feedback. Participants in this study were 16 undergraduate students. The main dependent variable was the percentage of preference change in paired stimulus preference assessments for two categories of stimuli; shapes that signaled which condition they were in and managers that …
Motivational Effects Of Goal Orientation,
2017
Kennesaw State University
Motivational Effects Of Goal Orientation, Charles N. Elliott, Paul A. Story
The Kennesaw Journal of Undergraduate Research
According to achievement goal theory, individuals set mastery or performance goals to accomplish challenging tasks. In addition, they can either approach or avoid the goal they are achieving. Mastery goals show positive correlation to intrinsic motivation while performance goals are linked to extrinsic motivation. Goal setting also affects motivation for completing tasks and perception of self-efficacious behavior while performing tasks. Receiving feedback has been positively correlated with success in learning and intrinsic motivation. The present research manipulates goal orientation through the accomplishment of a word find in an online experimental setting to test the effect on feedback, intrinsic motivation, choice, …
Best Integrated Writing 2017 - Complete Edition,
2017
Wright State University
Best Integrated Writing 2017 - Complete Edition
Best Integrated Writing
Best Integrated Writing includes excellent student writing from Integrated Writing courses taught at Wright State University. The journal is published annually by the Wright State University Department of English Language and Literatures.
Mediators’ Self-Perception Of Their Work And Practice: Content And Lexical Analysis,
2017
University of Luxembourg, ECCS, Institute of LifeLong Learning & Guidance ; CNAM-INETOP, CRTD, Paris, France
Mediators’ Self-Perception Of Their Work And Practice: Content And Lexical Analysis, Anne Pignault, Raymond Meyers, Claude Houssemand
The Qualitative Report
Mediation is increasingly used in various areas of society. Yet few studies have shed light on the unique work of mediators and their perception of the “mediator effect” on the process. The purpose of this qualitative study is to gather and compare mediators’ views about their work through feedback on their practices and to understand what they perceive as the bases for reaching a favorable outcome. This article presents the results of a content analysis of interviews with 13 mediators from different countries and cultures. The analysis grouped professional discourses into four areas: the process of the mediation meeting, mediation …
Self-Management As A Class-Wide Intervention: An Evaluation Of The “Self & Match” System Embedded Within A Dependent Group Contingency,
2017
Western Michigan University
Self-Management As A Class-Wide Intervention: An Evaluation Of The “Self & Match” System Embedded Within A Dependent Group Contingency, Andrew J. Bulla
Dissertations
The U.S. Department of Education (2015) indicated that about 95% of students with special education eligibility receive some form of education in the general education setting. Students with disabilities tend to engage in more disruptive behaviors than their non-disabled peers (e.g., Murphy, Beadle-Brown, Wing, Gould, Shah, & Homes, 2005). If teachers are spending more time managing disruptive behaviors, time allocated to instruction is lost. Self-management is one evidence-based intervention that has shown consistent effects on increasing on-task behavior and decreasing disruptive behaviors. Although feasible at the individual level, previous research has identified that class-wide self-management interventions may be efficacious but …
Student Censorship In The Social Work Classrooms,
2017
California State University, San Bernardino
Student Censorship In The Social Work Classrooms, Lisa Kozlowski
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
Through the evolution of the field of social work, a divide in its ideologies has emerged and certain political and ideological groups such as the religious and conservatives have become underrepresented. As a result, over the years the liberal philosophies have emerged as the dominant group. This has led to a decrease in diversity within the field. Recognition of biases in the field of social work is difficult. Through a qualitative analysis method, this study was meant to explore if social work students feel they are free to share openly in the classroom, and if they are accepting of all …
Effects Of Low Dose Mixtures Of 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone And Cocaine On Locomotor Activity And Brain Monoamine Content In Sprague-Dawley Rats,
2017
Western Michigan University
Effects Of Low Dose Mixtures Of 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone And Cocaine On Locomotor Activity And Brain Monoamine Content In Sprague-Dawley Rats, Robert J. Kohler
Masters Theses
Synthetic cathinones, known as “bath salts” on the illicit drug market, pose a significant and growing public health concern. 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), one of several popular constituents of the illicit bath salts, produces similar pharmacological actions to cocaine, albeit with greater potency. The present study sought to characterize behavioral and neurochemical effects of repeated exposure to MDPV alone and in combination with cocaine. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 1 mg/kg MDPV, 5 mg/kg cocaine, 1 mg/kg MDPV + 5 mg/kg cocaine, or saline. Locomotor activity was assessed for one hour immediately before and one hour …
A Comparison Of Simultaneous And Delayed Conditioning Of Visual Stimuli In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder,
2017
Florida Institute of Technology
A Comparison Of Simultaneous And Delayed Conditioning Of Visual Stimuli In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Stephanie Wathen
Theses and Dissertations
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder and related disabilities often do not respond to social reinforcers, such as praise, in a manner that is consistent with typically developing peers. Conditioning procedures are commonly used to establish new reinforcers with this population; however, there are few published studies examining conditioning procedures with this population. This study compared the effectiveness of simultaneous and delayed conditioning to establish conditioned reinforcers in three children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The conditioning procedures involved pairing a neutral stimulus (a picture card) with an unconditioned reinforcer using a response-stimulus conditioning procedure. Conditioning trials occurred following simple responses, such …
Expanding Stereotype Content Beyond Warmth And Competence,
2017
Portland State University
Expanding Stereotype Content Beyond Warmth And Competence, Lauren S. Park
Student Research Symposium
Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, and Xu’s (2002) stereotype content model (SCM) has emerged as one of the most influential models of person perception in contemporary scholarship, and the organizational literature has begun to use this model for diversity management (Lyons et al., 2016; Martinez, White, Shapiro, & Hebl, 2016). However, data we have collected indicate that this two-factor solution may not be sufficient for all groups. Furthermore, the factor structure of the SCM items has never been examined empirically. The construct of morality, though largely ignored in contemporary Western psychology, has been proven to be the most important basis on which …
Facilitating Transitions Through The Use Of Multimodal Intervention For A Child With Autism,
2017
James Madison University
Facilitating Transitions Through The Use Of Multimodal Intervention For A Child With Autism, Alexis E. Anderson
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have difficulty adapting to changes in routine, to the extent that they can struggle while transitioning out of one activity and into another. The inability to transition independently from one activity to the next can lead to negative behaviors, strained teacher-student relationships, and a loss of educational time in the classroom. The present study aimed to increase a six year old child’s independence while decreasing his problem behaviors observed during his transitions throughout the day at an autism clinic. A multimodal intervention along with a modified multimodal intervention was used to increase independence while …
The Effect Of In Vivo Coaching On Therapist Behavior Management Skills,
2017
James Madison University
The Effect Of In Vivo Coaching On Therapist Behavior Management Skills, Leslie E. Brittain
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Autism Spectrum Disorders impacts one in every 68 children, costing the United States between $11.5 billion to $60.9 billion per year. Among the multiple impairments that Autism causes, behavioral deficits are at the forefront of the disability and require intensive interventions such as applied behavior analysis (ABA) in order to manage. If a direct and intensive intervention is not put into place, problem behaviors can impact the individual both socially and academically. Behavior technicians, parents, and classroom assistants can all be trained as therapists and can provide services under supervision that provide significant gains in a client’s behavioral functioning. Therapists …
Feedback Delivery Timing & Behavior Skills Training: Training University Students To Perform Dtt,
2017
James Madison University
Feedback Delivery Timing & Behavior Skills Training: Training University Students To Perform Dtt, Matthew Taylor
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Behavior Skills Training (BST) has been a common, efficient, and successful training strategy for teaching individuals to perform discrete trial teaching (DTT) although there is not much established information about the separate effects of its training components. Research on modeling and feedback alone as well as within BST, however, suggest that they may be the most significant contributors towards producing behavior change along with the regular recommendation that feedback is best delivered immediately after the occurrence of target behavior for reinforcement. Yet studies that have employed feedback before the occurrence of target behavior have observed no adverse or detrimental effects …
Explaining Unintended Consequences Of Differential Reinforcement Of Alternative Behavior Procedures Using Behavioral Momentum Theory,
2017
James Madison University
Explaining Unintended Consequences Of Differential Reinforcement Of Alternative Behavior Procedures Using Behavioral Momentum Theory, Meghan C. Herr
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Behavioral momentum theory is a model that aids in the explanation of why behaviors that undergo popular intervention procedures, such as differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) and noncontingent reinforcement (NCR), have been found to increase in persistence and become more resistant to change, even with a reduction in frequency. The present study utilized a multiple concurrent schedule with a boy with autism who was non-verbal to increase his usage of an augmentative communication device to appropriately request for attention. Using the device was reinforced both in a context associated with reinforcement for inappropriate requests as well as in a …
Functional Analysis And Treatment Of Self-Injurious Feather Plucking In A Black Vulture (Coragyps Atratus),
2017
Rollins College
Functional Analysis And Treatment Of Self-Injurious Feather Plucking In A Black Vulture (Coragyps Atratus), Kristen L. Morris
Thesis Projects
Feather plucking (FP) is a maladaptive behavior observed in captive avian species. This self-injurious behavior results in damage to and removal of feathers and skin tissue, resulting in animal welfare and financial consequences. The etiology and maintenance of FP have been hypothesized through medical and environmental processes, yet a definitive solution has not been found. The current study investigated the environmental variables maintaining the FP of a Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus), as well as evaluated a function-based treatment for this behavior. The behavior was found to be maintained by positive reinforcement in the form of contingent attention. Treatment …
Investigating Trust And Trust Recovery In Human-Robot Interactions,
2017
Augustana College - Rock Island
Investigating Trust And Trust Recovery In Human-Robot Interactions, Abigail L. Thomson
Celebration of Learning
As artificial intelligence and robotics continue to advance and be used in increasingly different functions and situations, it is important to look at how these new technologies will be used. An important factor in how a new resource will be used is how much it is trusted. This experiment was conducted to examine people’s trust in a robotic assistant when completing a task, how mistakes affect this trust, and if the levels of trust exhibited with a robot assistant were significantly different than if the assistant were human. The task was to watch a computer simulation of the three-cup monte …
A Look Into Lookism: An Evaluation Of Discrimination Based On Physical Attractiveness,
2017
Utah State University
A Look Into Lookism: An Evaluation Of Discrimination Based On Physical Attractiveness, Cherea Hammer
Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects
Discrimination in employment on the basis of race, sex, national origin, religion, and other federally protected categories is well recognized as a social problem and anti-discrimination legislation works to limit the impact of discrimination on marginalized populations. However, most people do not consider discrimination based on physical appearance. “Lookism” captures the idea that an individual can be discriminated against based on their physical appearance or physical attractiveness and can also be called physical attractiveness discrimination. In recent years, the prevalence of the issue of physical attractiveness discrimination has been brought to the attention of professionals dealing with employment and has …
