Does Training Multiple Alternative Responses Mitigate Resurgence?,
2018
Florida Institute of Technology
Does Training Multiple Alternative Responses Mitigate Resurgence?, Kelsey Purcell
Theses and Dissertations
Resurgence is a type of treatment relapse that occurs when an extinguished behavior reappears once a more recently reinforced behavior is placed on extinction. Resurgence of problem behavior often occurs when treatment-integrity errors are made during the implementation of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA). Training multiple alternative responses shows a promise in mitigating resurgence of problem behavior compared to training only a single response. The current study used laboratory methods to systematically replicate previous studies comparing the effects of more typical-DRA training with serial-DRA training on the magnitude of resurgence. Extensions included children as participants, topographically different target and …
An Evaluation Of Static Versus Dynamic Instructional Stimuli On Generalization Of Action Tacts,
2018
Florida Institute of Technology
An Evaluation Of Static Versus Dynamic Instructional Stimuli On Generalization Of Action Tacts, Shana Renee Fentress
Theses and Dissertations
Researchers have noted that children with autism have difficulty generalizing responses to stimuli outside of those used in training. Some studies have analyzed ways to promote generalization such as using concurrent training or using stimuli that would be most similar to those found in the natural environment. Little research, however, has investigated strategies for promoting generalization of action tacts. The current study investigated two different types of stimulus delivery forms: static (i.e., pictures), which are typically used during instruction, and dynamic (i.e., videos), which may provide stimulation closer to that which a child would encounter in a natural setting. Findings …
Towards Predicting Risky Behavior Among Veterans With Ptsd By Analyzing Gesture Patterns,
2018
Marquette University
Towards Predicting Risky Behavior Among Veterans With Ptsd By Analyzing Gesture Patterns, Tanvir Roushan
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Risky behavior including violence and aggression, self-injury, anger outburst, domestic violence along with self-injury, sexual abuse, rule breaking, use of drugs and alcohol, suicide etc. are alarming issues among US military veterans who return from combat zone deployment in Iraq and Afghanistan. Veterans are exposed to trauma in war zones which affect most of them with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other metal health problems to some degree. Studies have shown that veterans have much higher rates of PTSD than civilians and are more likely to engage in risky behavior. One of the form of displaying and engaging in risky …
The Effects Of Rapport Building On Performance And Discretionary Effort,
2018
Florida Institute of Technology
The Effects Of Rapport Building On Performance And Discretionary Effort, Scott Michael Curry
Theses and Dissertations
A common concern among business professionals is that rapport building or positive relationships in the workplace can enhance organizational outcomes and employee satisfaction. However, limited research has systematically tested and evaluated the effects of rapport on performance or discretionary effort. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of rapport building on performance and discretionary effort in comparison to no rapport building in an analogue setting. Participants in the present study consisted of 48 undergraduate students who were placed into either the rapport or non-rapport group. Participants completed a check-processing task to evaluate performance and were …
What Makes A Good Judge?,
2018
Technological University Dublin
What Makes A Good Judge?, Brian M. Barry
Reports
This article overviews research demonstrating the factors beyond the law that can affect judicial decision-making.
Cinematherapy With Inside Out: A Theoretical And Practical Guide,
2018
University of Denver
Cinematherapy With Inside Out: A Theoretical And Practical Guide, Jessica Rosenfeld
Graduate School of Professional Psychology: Doctoral Papers and Masters Projects
Since its release in 2015, the Disney/Pixar film "Inside Out" has received widespread critical and commercial acclaim. Despite the film's basis in established psychological theories, little has been published regarding its clinical applicability, particularly for adolescent and adult clients in traditional talk therapy. Through the use of cinematherapy, a deeper examination of the film is offered, and suggestions for treatment use are provided. Via the lens of modern psychodynamic (Intersubjectivity) and behavioral (ACT) techniques, this paper offers diverse options for integrating "Inside Out" in psychotherapy and proves that it contains clinical applicability for a wide range of practitioners.
Pornography Use: The Lesser Of Two Evils For Religious Emerging Adults,
2018
Liberty University
Pornography Use: The Lesser Of Two Evils For Religious Emerging Adults, Lea A. Garcia
Doctoral Dissertations and Projects
Pornography use has become the norm instead of the exception among emerging adults (18 – 26-year-olds) and has been found to be associated with increased sexual permissiveness and sexual shame outcomes among the general population, but does the same hold true for religious emerging adults who maintain a moral opposition to viewing pornography? Within the context of recent developmental theory research among emerging adults, this study examined associations between pornography use, sexual permissiveness, and sexual shame. This research hypothesized that religiosity and age would moderate the relationships between pornography use and sexual permissiveness, and pornography use and sexual shame. The …
Obligatory Parental Investment,
2018
Singapore Management University
Obligatory Parental Investment, Courtney K. Kheng, Jose C. Yong, Norman P. Li
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Obligatory parental investment refers to the amount of time, energy, and resource expenditures that organisms are minimally required to make in order to ensure offspring survival. Throughout evolutionary history, offspring survival has posed a main adaptive challenge. In some species, this selection pressure has resulted in sex-differentiated forms of parental investment. This chapter describes obligatory parental investment, explores asymmetries in obligatory parental investment between males and females, describes examples of such differences across a range of species, and briefly highlights the implications of such differences in terms of human sexual strategies and conflicts.
Quantity Versus Quality Of Offspring,
2018
Singapore Management University
Quantity Versus Quality Of Offspring, Nadhilla Velda Melia, Norman P. Li
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Organisms continually face trade-offs for how to allocate limited energy and resources. One of the key trade-offs involves the quantity versus the quality of offspring. On the one hand, if organisms invest heavily in their offspring to better their developmental and survival outcomes, they tend to only have enough resources to produce a small number of “high-quality” offspring. On the other hand, if organisms make little parental investment per child, they can produce a large number of “low-quality” offspring – although each child has a lower chance of survival, there is a higher probability that at least some offspring will …
The Role Of Bilingual Interactional Contexts In Predicting Interindividual Variability In Executive Functions: A Latent Variable Analysis,
2018
Singapore Management University
The Role Of Bilingual Interactional Contexts In Predicting Interindividual Variability In Executive Functions: A Latent Variable Analysis, Andree Hartanto
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Despite a huge number of studies examining bilingual advantages in executive functions (EFs), the research findings with regards to the relations between bilingualism and EFs are mostly inconsistent and mixed. In order to shed light on these inconsistent findings, the current research aimed to tackle on both conceptual and methodological limitations that are prevalent in previous studies, namely: (a) failure to consider bilingual experiences in assessing bilingual advantages, and (b) task impurity due to substantial influence of non-EFs processes on EFs task performance. Based on Adaptive Control Hypothesis and Control Process Model of Code-switching, a theory-driven multisession study coupled with …
Parents Supporting Their Adolescents’ Independent Remedial Math Practice: The Effects Of A Multi-Component Intervention Package On Math Academic Performance,
2018
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Parents Supporting Their Adolescents’ Independent Remedial Math Practice: The Effects Of A Multi-Component Intervention Package On Math Academic Performance, Mackenzie Sommerhalder
College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
This dissertation examined the effects of high school students’ independent, remedial, home-based math practice while receiving parent support on math computation fluency. The multi-component intervention package encompassed both home-based remedial practice and parent support. Teacher interviews, normative assessments, and a performance-deficit analysis were conducted to identify high-school students who displayed math academic skill deficits. Next, identification and analysis of individual skills (e.g., multiplication, division) to be targeted for intervention occurred for each participant included in the study. A multiple-baseline across participants design was used to examine teaching high school students to choose effective instructional components for math computation and subsequently …
What Motivates Children To Respond? Functional Analysis And Intervention Of Math Computation Fluency,
2018
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
What Motivates Children To Respond? Functional Analysis And Intervention Of Math Computation Fluency, Catherine Rose Lark
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
An abundance of research exists supporting the use of functional analyses to assess and treat problem behavior. In contrast, little research has been conducted on the application of functional analysis (FA) procedures to academic behaviors. The current study attempted to fill this research gap by conducting an FA of academic responding for five elementary students with low math fluency. Sessions were conducted using both a traditional reinforcement schedule of a fixed ratio of one (FR-1) as well as a more practical reinforcement schedule of a fixed ratio of ten (FR-10) to examine the effects of the reinforcement schedule on the …
Improving Conversation Skills In A Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Textual Prompts And Front-To-Back Fading,
2018
James Madison University
Improving Conversation Skills In A Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Textual Prompts And Front-To-Back Fading, Emily Knox
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
A central characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are deficits in social communication, which often results in delays in speech and impairments in communication skills. The present study’s goal was to improve the quality of conversation skills in a seven-year-old diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. A multiple baseline across behaviors probe design was used to teach the child appropriate responses in three conversation scripts about topics of interest of the child. The scripts were presented to the child using visual text prompts that were faded out using a front-to-back fading procedure. When the child met criteria for reinforcement, it was …
Evaluating And Mitigating The Relapse Of Undesirable Caregiver Behavior,
2018
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Evaluating And Mitigating The Relapse Of Undesirable Caregiver Behavior, Daniel R. Mitteer
Theses & Dissertations
The success of behavioral treatments like functional communication training depends on their continued implementation outside of the clinical context, where failures in caregiver treatment adherence can lead to the relapse of destructive behavior (St. Peter Pipkin, Vollmer, & Sloman, 2010). In Chapter 2, we developed a laboratory model for evaluating the relapse of undesirable caregiver behavior (e.g., delivering reinforcers following destructive behavior) in which we used an adult confederate who engaged in destructive behavior to simulate a treatment-adherence challenge. Undesirable caregiver behavior relapsed in three of four treatment-adherence challenges despite a behavior analyst using behavioral skills training (BST) to teach …
A Comparison Of Function- And Nonfunction-Based Extinction For Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior,
2018
University of Nebraska Medical Center
A Comparison Of Function- And Nonfunction-Based Extinction For Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior, Caitlin Kirkwood
Theses & Dissertations
Previous literature supports the use of a functional analysis to prescribe treatment for children with feeding disorders (Bachmeyer et al., 2009; Piazza, Fisher, et al., 2003). Nevertheless, clinicians often train caregivers to use healthy contingencies, independent of whether those contingencies are function based. We do not know, however, whether including nonfunction-based contingencies differentially affects inappropriate mealtime behavior. In the current study, we observed that caregivers of 3 children with feeding disorders provided escape from bites and drinks and attention following inappropriate mealtime behavior. Results of a functional analysis showed escape from bites or drinks, but not attention, reinforced inappropriate mealtime …
An Alternative To Escape Extinction: The Effects Of The Wait Out Procedure On Noncompliance,
2018
James Madison University
An Alternative To Escape Extinction: The Effects Of The Wait Out Procedure On Noncompliance, Rachel Rolando
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
The purpose of this research was to replicate a study by Ward, Parker, and Perdikaris (2017), which focused on a reactive substitute to conventional forms of escape extinction for primarily escape-maintained noncompliance behavior through using a wait out procedure, as well as to add to the literature for reactive procedures aimed to decrease noncompliant behaviors for students with disabilities in a school setting. This experiment included a multielement graphical design that contained partial-interval data of noncompliance behavior in baseline, and in two interventions to determine if there was a change in noncompliance behavior following the introduction of each intervention; the …
The Effects Of Alcohol Priming And Alcohol-Related Cues On Subsequent Alcohol Preferences,
2018
James Madison University
The Effects Of Alcohol Priming And Alcohol-Related Cues On Subsequent Alcohol Preferences, Kathleen R. Owens
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of alcohol priming and alcohol-related cues on subsequent alcohol preferences. Researchers assigned randomly 35 university students to 1 of 3 conditions: alcohol delivered in a red disposable plastic cup (AC; alcohol cue; n = 12), alcohol delivered in a cafeteria cup (AN; neutral cue; n = 11), or alcohol placebo (P; n = 12) delivered in a red disposable plastic cup. Participants consumed their assigned beverages, and then completed the Multiple Choice Procedure (MCP), a procedure that allows participants to make discrete choices between a standard alcoholic beverage and …
Applied Behavior Analysis Function Based Procedures Contribute To Parent Child Interaction Therapy Child Outcomes,
2018
James Madison University
Applied Behavior Analysis Function Based Procedures Contribute To Parent Child Interaction Therapy Child Outcomes, Melissa Grant
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Developmental disabilities affect nearly one in six children in the United States; up to 30 % of these individuals have problem behaviors causing stressors in both the child and their caregiver’s lives. These problem behaviors have various topographical and functional forms, such as property destruction, aggression, tantrums, self-injurious behavior, and many others. If these behaviors are not nipped in the bud during younger years they have the capability to bring about academic failure, alienation from typical peers and other adults, and in the longer term, substance abuse issues, and a decrease in functioning skills within their communities. Evidence-based practices are …
Using Response Card Technology To Reduce Disruptive Behavior In The College Classroom,
2018
Rollins College
Using Response Card Technology To Reduce Disruptive Behavior In The College Classroom, Meera Aggarwal
Thesis Projects
The purpose of this experiment was to determine if response-card technology would decrease disruptive behavior (e.g., texting, surfing the Internet, sleeping) in the college classroom. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, a graduate classroom of 14 students from a small liberal arts college in the southeast participated. An alternating-treatments design was implemented comparing baseline (standard lecture) to Nearpod™ (an online question-feedback platform) and response cards. Results indicated neither intervention had a meaningful effect on disruptive behavior; however, the majority of students indicated a preference for Nearpod™. In Experiment 2, three participants were selected from an undergraduate class for observation. …
The Greatest Basketball Player Of All Time: Lebron Vs. Jordan,
2018
Liberty University
The Greatest Basketball Player Of All Time: Lebron Vs. Jordan, Austin Jacobson
Senior Honors Theses
LeBron James is one of the greatest athletes of this generation. I am seeking to determine what he needs to do to surpass Michael Jordan as the greatest of all time. Considering individual statistics, team success, and personal achievements as well as factors such as political and racial activism and involvement, media coverage (including social media), and generational difference, I am hoping to show what is left to accomplish for LeBron to reach and surpass Jordan.
