Teaching Receptive Identification To Children Who Were Unsuccessful With A Standard Training Program,
2020
Western Michigan University
Teaching Receptive Identification To Children Who Were Unsuccessful With A Standard Training Program, Kaylee R. Tomak
Dissertations
This research strongly suggests that essentially all children with the skill of generalized matching can learn receptive identification, even if they have failed to do so, using the standard least-to-most prompting procedure. The effective alternative procedures were antecedent picture prompting (Stone & Malott, 2010), consequence picture prompting (Carp et al., 2012), and receptive-exclusion training (McIlvane et al., 1984). In addition, these procedures generally produced high levels of maintenance, and they also typically produced a high level of generalization to novel stimulus sets. However, no single alternative procedure was more effective or more efficient across all of the children. In this …
Effects Of And Preference For Fixed Ratio And Time-Based Exchange Production Schedules In A Token System,
2020
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Effects Of And Preference For Fixed Ratio And Time-Based Exchange Production Schedules In A Token System, Sarah Christian Holmes
LSU Master's Theses
Token systems have been implemented to change behavior across species and settings. Token systems involve token-production, exchange-production, and token-exchange schedules. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of fixed-ratio and yoked time exchange-production schedules on 4 preschoolers’ rate of responding on a marble spooning task, mean pause duration between responses, and percentage of session spent engaging in the target task. Following an initial reversal demonstrating a primary reinforcement effect, we used a multielement design to compare exchange-production schedule conditions and a control condition in which participants earned tokens that were not exchangeable. Following the exchange-production schedule comparison, we examined …
Substance Use, Neurocognitive Deficits, And Criminal Recidivism,
2020
CUNY John Jay College
Substance Use, Neurocognitive Deficits, And Criminal Recidivism, Emily H. Kim
Student Theses
Many offenders demonstrate substance use and neurocognitive impairments. Substance use directly impacts executive functioning due to poor impulse control, leading to impaired decision- making. Substance use and neurocognitive deficits also contribute to recidivism. Incarcerated individuals with substance use disorder have higher rates of recidivism, and executive dysfunction has been shown to contribute to recidivism due to low behavioral inhibition skills and deficiency with cognitive flexibility. There is a discontinuity in literature, however, since many studies only investigate either substance use or neurocognitive deficits to predict recidivism. However, it is important to examine the interaction of these factors to predict future …
Student Wellbeing And Open Studio Process In The School Curriculum,
2020
Lesley University
Student Wellbeing And Open Studio Process In The School Curriculum, Maria Kim
Expressive Therapies Dissertations
This study aimed to explore whether Open Studio Process (OSP) increased wellbeing of middle and high school students when facilitated by teachers as a part of the regular art curriculum. It was hypothesized that OSP might increase the sense of wellbeing among middle and high school students as well as facilitating teachers. The research was conducted as a mixed methods study in South Korea where students need preventative interventions for their wellbeing. The researcher trained eight teachers to facilitate OSP and five of them implemented it with their classes for seven sessions. Quantitative data (K-YSR; pre- and posttest) were collected …
Translational Evaluation Of The Effects Of Alternative Reinforcer Preference On Resurgence,
2020
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Translational Evaluation Of The Effects Of Alternative Reinforcer Preference On Resurgence, Madeleine D. Keevy
Theses & Dissertations
We assessed the differential effects of high- and low-preference stimuli as reinforcers during functional communication training (FCT) on resurgence of destructive behavior during extinction using a multielement design with the components signaled by color-coordinated stimuli. In baseline, analog destructive responding resulted in reinforcement in both components. Next, in the treatment phase, the therapist discontinued reinforcement for the analog destructive response and delivered a high-preference reinforcer for a functional communication response (FCR) in the HIGH component and a low-preference reinforcer for the FCR in the LOW component. In the resurgence test, the therapist discontinued reinforcement for both the FCR and analog …
Boundary Conditions Of Observational Learning In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders,
2020
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Boundary Conditions Of Observational Learning In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Andrew Blowers
Theses & Dissertations
Whether a child with autism spectrum disorder will exhibit observational learning may depend on their attention to a part of the observed contingency and the stimulus modalities of the observed contingency. The absence of observational learning due to one or more of these variables would constitute a boundary condition. We held attention constant and used a multiple probe design combined with a repeated acquisition design to tested observational learning across a diverse set of contingencies, which composed of a hidden-edible, hidden-toy, hidden-video, tact, receptive-identification , and intraverbal contingencies. During preteaching, two children with autism spectrum disorder showed observational learning with …
An Evaluation Of A Renewal-Mitigation Procedure For Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior,
2020
University of Nebraska Medical Center
An Evaluation Of A Renewal-Mitigation Procedure For Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior, Sarah D. Haney
Theses & Dissertations
Renewal, the increase in problem behavior during extinction following a context change (e.g., transfer of intervention from clinic to home), may be particularly concerning during interventions for feeding disorders because multiple context changes are often necessary for intervention generality and maintenance (Podlesnik et al., 2017). In the current study, we tested for renewal and evaluated a renewal-mitigation procedure when we transferred the intervention from a therapist to a caregiver, from clinic to the home, and introduced Context A foods. We used an ABA arrangement to evaluate the generality of the renewal effect with 7 children with feeding disorders. Context A …
Sustaining Behavior Reduction By Transitioning The Topography Of The Functional Communication Response During Fct,
2020
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Sustaining Behavior Reduction By Transitioning The Topography Of The Functional Communication Response During Fct, Kayla R. Randall
Theses & Dissertations
Initial rates of destructive behavior tend to be lower when behavior analysts select functional communication responses (FCRs) they can physically guide (e.g., a card-touch FCR). However, destructive behavior may recur at higher rates when FCR materials go missing than when the FCR no longer produces reinforcement. In Experiment 1, we extended prior research by demonstrating less resurgence of target responding when a vocal FCR remained available but no longer produced reinforcement compared to a condition in which neither the alternative response nor reinforcement was available. In contrast to these findings, Experiment 2 replicated other prior research showing that the ability …
Evaluating The Generality And Social Acceptability Of Early Friendship Skills,
2020
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Evaluating The Generality And Social Acceptability Of Early Friendship Skills, Ciobha A. Mckeown
Theses & Dissertations
The development of prosocial skills is considered pivotal to childhood development. The friendship unit of the Preschool Life Skills program teaches early prosocial skills likely to facilitate socially desirable behaviors in young children; however, the friendship unit is the most understudied unit and has produced modest, inconsistent outcomes across children. The current study aimed to evaluate procedures necessary to (a) teach friendship skills to four children, with and without developmental disabilities, in an applied context and (b) promote the use of the skills with a same-aged peer. Teaching five friendship skills in a one-on-one approach and adding tangible reinforcement, if …
The Academic Success And Beyond-Academic Wellbeing Of High Functioning Autistic Boys: A Policy-Professional Care-School-Parent Ecological Perspective,
2020
Stephen F. Austin State University
The Academic Success And Beyond-Academic Wellbeing Of High Functioning Autistic Boys: A Policy-Professional Care-School-Parent Ecological Perspective, Evelyn Sauceda
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
High Functioning Autistic (HFA) boys have significant social, emotional, and cognitive difficulties and unique cognitive abilities that require special support from stakeholders in their ecology (policy makers, care providers, schools, and parents). The quality of such support and its ecological integration are of poor quality. The purpose of this study was to report on the perceptions of parents of HFA boys about their children’s academic and beyond-academic experiences as understood within a policy-care provider-school-parent ecological framework. This study contributes to the limited ecological literature on the topic. This exploratory, qualitative, phenomenological, non-experimental, and cross-sectional research study used a non-probability, purposive, …
Using Object-Choice Tasks To Investigate Sensory Perception In Sunda Pangolins (Manis Javanica),
2020
CUNY Hunter College
Using Object-Choice Tasks To Investigate Sensory Perception In Sunda Pangolins (Manis Javanica), Joshua Dipaola
Theses and Dissertations
Pangolins are one of the most heavily poached, yet least understood mammals in the world. In this study, we used an object-choice task to assess the ecological relevance and use of sensory information in Sunda pangolin foraging behavior. This is the first controlled experiment on pangolin behavior to our knowledge.
Effects Of A Visual Script With Multiple Peer Responses On The Reciprocal Responses Of Preschool-Aged Children During Play,
2020
James Madison University
Effects Of A Visual Script With Multiple Peer Responses On The Reciprocal Responses Of Preschool-Aged Children During Play, Shea Manship
Masters Theses, 2020-current
A primary focus of many early childhood educational settings is the development of appropriate play skills. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using a visual script that included multiple peer responses on the participants’ appropriate reciprocal responses to peers during play time. A concurrent multiple baseline design across participants was used to determine if the use of the visual script would increase the number of appropriate reciprocal responses to peers, and if the average duration of play following successful initiation would increase. The researcher observed two preschool-aged children during free play. During free play, the …
Using Behavioral Skills Training And Video Examples To Teach Undergraduates To Identify The Function Of Behaviors,
2020
James Madison University
Using Behavioral Skills Training And Video Examples To Teach Undergraduates To Identify The Function Of Behaviors, Eliana A. Segal
Masters Theses, 2020-current
This study investigated the relative effectiveness and efficiency of three different training sequences in teaching undergraduate students in psychology and/or special education to identify the function of undesirable behaviors in video examples. The study also evaluated whether the procedures were effective in promoting the generalization from videos of role-played practitioner-child interactions to videos of children displaying undesirable behaviors similar to those depicted in the training videos, but in naturalistic environments. Behavior skills training (BST) and multiple exemplar training were utilized in all three training sequences. The data were supposed to be analyzed through a multiple baseline across participants embedded within …
The Effects Of Training Modality On Acquisition Of Therapeutic Skills Using Behavior Skills Training (Bst): In-Vivo Vs. Tele-Training Modality,
2020
James Madison University
The Effects Of Training Modality On Acquisition Of Therapeutic Skills Using Behavior Skills Training (Bst): In-Vivo Vs. Tele-Training Modality, Sabrena Samuel
Masters Theses, 2020-current
With the small number of Board-Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBA) located outside of the United States, there is a continually increasing demand for applied behavior analysis (ABA) services across the globe. It is critical, therefore, to develop widely accessible, ethically compliant and effective ways to train clinicians to implement ABA procedures and interventions. With advancements in technology, online modalities can be an efficient and effective alternative to train clinicians across a wide range geographically. This study compared the effectiveness of a behavioral skills training (BST) training package used to teach the implementation of the first three phases of the picture exchange …
Using Differential Reinforcement And Stimulus Control To Decrease Child Elopement And Increase Engagement In Play,
2020
James Madison University
Using Differential Reinforcement And Stimulus Control To Decrease Child Elopement And Increase Engagement In Play, Emory C. Bruno
Masters Theses, 2020-current
The purpose of this study was to use a specialized form of differential attention to increase the length of time a child is able to remain within close proximity of an adult during play. The therapist used two sets of skills in the context of play, one for when the child was within close proximity, and the other for when the child was not. The close proximity skills were adapted from Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, an evidence-based therapy designed to create and maintain positive interactions between parent and child. The second skill set consisted of positive play statements and descriptive play …
Analysis Of An Antecedent Prompting Error Correction On Rates Of Disruptive Behaviors And Compliance In Children Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder,
2020
James Madison University
Analysis Of An Antecedent Prompting Error Correction On Rates Of Disruptive Behaviors And Compliance In Children Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Emily Knox
Masters Theses, 2020-current
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose defining characteristics include deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and/or activities (Weiss, Baker, & Butter, 2016). Children diagnosed with ASD frequently engage in disruptive and destructive behaviors that have the function of escaping from work demands. These behaviors impact their ability to contact important instructional material, further impacting their levels of independence. Practitioners typically intervene on these behaviors using interventions that rely heavily on consequence-based interventions. Although there is an abundance of research on effective consequence-based interventions to treat these behaviors, these interventions are often difficult …
The Use Of Digital Millenium Copyright Act To Stifle Speech Through Non-Copyright Related Takedowns,
2020
Seattle University School of Law
The Use Of Digital Millenium Copyright Act To Stifle Speech Through Non-Copyright Related Takedowns, Miller Freeman
Seattle Journal of Technology, Environmental, & Innovation Law
In 1998, Congress passed the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. This law provided new methods of protecting copyright in online media. These protections shift the normal judicial process that would stop the publication of infringing materials to private actors: the online platforms. As a result, online platforms receive notices of infringement and issue takedowns of allegedly copyrighted works without the judicial process which normally considers the purpose of the original notice of infringement. In at least one case, discussed in detail below, this has resulted in a notice and takedown against an individual for reasons not related to the purpose of …
A Comparison Of Technology Based And Non-Technology Based Self-Monitoring Systems Towards Increasing On-Task Behavior In Students With Disabilities,
2020
James Madison University
A Comparison Of Technology Based And Non-Technology Based Self-Monitoring Systems Towards Increasing On-Task Behavior In Students With Disabilities, Cindy Steele May
Masters Theses, 2020-current
The goal of this study is to provide educators, schools systems, behavior analysts and families with a study through single case experimentation to determine if a technology based self-monitoring system is more efficient in increasing on-task behavior for students than a non-technology based self-monitoring system. The researcher will utilize both technology based and non-technology based self-monitoring systems with three middle school students who have an educational eligibility of either autism or an emotional disability. The researcher will collect interobserver agreement with the students as they self-monitor to ensure that each student is utilizing self-monitoring correctly. Both self-monitoring systems will be …
The Impact Of Stress On Diet, Sleep, And Exercise Amongst College Students,
2020
University of Rhode Island
The Impact Of Stress On Diet, Sleep, And Exercise Amongst College Students, Jessica Rizzo
Senior Honors Projects
Stress is something that everyone faces in their lifetime and has an everlasting impact on their health. College students face high levels of stress throughout the semester, but how is that impacting their behavior? I conducted a survey alongside Dr. Melanson, a professor in the Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, to see just how college students are reacting to stress. The survey was circulated to different departments and classes to achieve a widespread collection of data. The survey remained completely anonymous and posed questions about eating, exercise, and sleep habits, along with questions on demographics and stress levels. Our …
Relationships Among Specific Types Of Trait Mindfulness, Need For Cognitive Closure, And Affect,
2020
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Relationships Among Specific Types Of Trait Mindfulness, Need For Cognitive Closure, And Affect, Kelly Parker
Psychological Science Undergraduate Honors Theses
Mindfulness has a multitude of benefits including, but not limited to, increasing one’s positive affect, decreasing stress, lowering blood pressure, protecting against depression and reducing chronic pain. The pre-existing literature on mindfulness unanimously suggests that mindfulness relies on self-regulating functions to improve overall well-being but lacks information regarding which specific emotion-regulating characteristics may play a role in determining mindfulness tendencies. The present research investigated whether or not an individual’s trait mindfulness is correlated with one’s need for cognitive closure (NFC) and how these measures relate to positive and negative affect. A total of 328 participants, recruited from the University of …
