The Effects Of Exaggerated Social Comparison Feedback On Work Performance,
2020
Florida Institute of Technology
The Effects Of Exaggerated Social Comparison Feedback On Work Performance, Michael Patrick Cusick
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exaggerated social comparison feedback on work performance in an analogue setting. Following their first 15-minute session working on a simulated money transfer task, participants in the two experimental conditions received objective feedback, but one group received rank feedback understating their performance, while the other group received overstated rank feedback. Participants then performed the task again to evaluate potential changes in performance based on this feedback. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted to measure differences in the number of correctly completed money transfers, percent of correctly completed money transfers, …
An Assessment Protocol For Tolerating Medical Procedures: Evaluating Operant And Physiological Behaviors,
2020
Florida Institute of Technology
An Assessment Protocol For Tolerating Medical Procedures: Evaluating Operant And Physiological Behaviors, Ansley Catherine Hodges
Theses and Dissertations
All individuals, regardless of age, race, gender, or diagnosis, must learn to tolerate and/or participate in routine medical procedures (e.g., wellness exams, dental cleaning, blood draws). For some individuals, tolerating medical procedures can be a particularly onerous task. Specifically, individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience more frequent difficulties with treatment adherence. With this population, a variety of techniques have been empirically demonstrated to increase cooperation with medical routines. However, no studies have reported changes in physiological behavior throughout training, and only a few studies have reported data on problem behavior. Several studies used graduated exposure or a hierarchy of the …
Assessment And Function-Based Treatment Of Elopement In Children With Autism,
2020
Florida Institute of Technology
Assessment And Function-Based Treatment Of Elopement In Children With Autism, Marissa Elizabeth Kamlowsky
Theses and Dissertations
Elopement is a dangerous behavior exhibited by some individuals with autism, and accurately identifying the function of elopement is important to develop successful treatments. Functional analyses for elopement have been developed to mimic contingencies appearing in the natural environment; however, some of these analyses are limited by the required retrieval component. The current study replicated previous research which used a latency-based functional analysis that eliminates the retrieval component in order to safely and more precisely identify the function of elopement. In addition, we extended previous latency-based research by evaluating a treatment to reduce elopement. Specifically, we evaluated latency-based functional analyses …
Exploring The Effects Of Task Priority On Attention Allocation And Trust Towards Imperfect Automation: A Flight Simulator Study,
2020
Old Dominion University
Exploring The Effects Of Task Priority On Attention Allocation And Trust Towards Imperfect Automation: A Flight Simulator Study, Tetsuya Sato
Psychology Theses & Dissertations
The present study examined the effect of task priority and task load on attention allocation and automation trust in a multitasking flight simulator platform. Previous research demonstrated that, participants made less fixations and reported lower levels of trust towards the automation in the secondary monitoring under higher load on the primary tracking task (e.g., Karpinsky et al., 2018). The results suggested that participants perceived behaviors of the automated system less accurately due to less attention allocated to monitoring of the system, leading to decreased trust towards it. One potential explanation of the effect is that participants might have prioritized the …
Migrant Dreams, Egyptian Workers In The Gulf States,
2020
The British University in Egypt (BUE)
Migrant Dreams, Egyptian Workers In The Gulf States, Rania M Rafik Khalil
English Language and Literature
Migrant Dreams is about the hopes and aspirations on which migrant workers thrive to achieve their goals. The first version of this book was published in 2017 in Arabic with the title Hatta yantahi al-naft (Until the End of Oil). Based on over a decade of fieldwork, observations and conversations, Samuli Schielke gives a detailed overview of the life of low-income Egyptian migrant laborers who relocated to the Arab Gulf States on temporary contracts, returned, then migrated again. The book focuses mostly on the story of Tawfik, an intelligent Egyptian young man from rural backgrounds who is compelled to achieve …
How To Make Critical Decisions Amid Covid-19 Pressures,
2020
Singapore Management University
How To Make Critical Decisions Amid Covid-19 Pressures, David Chan
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Time pressure and ambivalence are common when people make decisions in a crisis. Understanding the psychological dynamics helps us slow down to make better decisions.
Drinking To Cope: Effects Of Anxiety On Generation Of Self-Regulation Strategies,
2020
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Drinking To Cope: Effects Of Anxiety On Generation Of Self-Regulation Strategies, Lauren Hurd
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This study sought to utilize motivational and self-regulatory processes, specifically the principle of emotional transfer (PET), to elucidate mechanisms underlying the transition from casual alcohol use to dependence in young adults with elevated anxiety. Utilizing a script-driven imagery procedure, the proposed study examined the effects of manipulated state anxiety on 1) the amount, content, and commitment to freely generated anxiety reduction strategies, and 2) the level of craving for alcohol. Young adult college students (N = 69; ages 18-24; 76.8% women) were randomly assigned to either the high (n = 35) or low (n = 34) anxiety condition. After script …
Teaching Children With Autism To Make Independent Requests Using An Echoic-To-Mand Procedure,
2020
Western Michigan University
Teaching Children With Autism To Make Independent Requests Using An Echoic-To-Mand Procedure, Michael L. Tomak
Dissertations
Mands are a vital skill for the development of a child’s communicative repertoire and are typically a major focus of early intensive behavior interventions (EIBI). Naturalistic teaching is more efficient than Discrete-Trial Training (DTT) for teaching mands (Jennet, Harris, & Delmolino, 2008); and therefore, the present study used crucial components from naturalistic teaching to teach mands in a discrete-trial format, using an echoic-to-mand procedure. This intervention increased the children’s independent vocal requests. Initially, they learned to mand for items in sight and eventually for those out of sight.
Teaching Receptive Identification To Children Who Were Unsuccessful With A Standard Training Program,
2020
Western Michigan University
Teaching Receptive Identification To Children Who Were Unsuccessful With A Standard Training Program, Kaylee R. Tomak
Dissertations
This research strongly suggests that essentially all children with the skill of generalized matching can learn receptive identification, even if they have failed to do so, using the standard least-to-most prompting procedure. The effective alternative procedures were antecedent picture prompting (Stone & Malott, 2010), consequence picture prompting (Carp et al., 2012), and receptive-exclusion training (McIlvane et al., 1984). In addition, these procedures generally produced high levels of maintenance, and they also typically produced a high level of generalization to novel stimulus sets. However, no single alternative procedure was more effective or more efficient across all of the children. In this …
Development Of An Aba Tool Kit For Audiologists To Increase Hearing Aid Wear Time In Individuals With Autism,
2020
CUNY Graduate Center
Development Of An Aba Tool Kit For Audiologists To Increase Hearing Aid Wear Time In Individuals With Autism, Lindsay Brown
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
When working with individuals with the dual-diagnosis of hearing loss and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), audiologists are often faced with unique challenges and must adapt their approach in order to more effectively address the needs of these individuals. Currently, there is only a small body of research focused on the special considerations required for appropriately fitting and utilizing amplification for children with the dual-diagnosis of hearing loss and ASD. Subsequently, recommendations and strategies for clinicians to implement when faced with these common challenges, specifically of hearing aid compliance and appropriate hearing aid wear time, are lacking. It is important to …
Effects Of And Preference For Fixed Ratio And Time-Based Exchange Production Schedules In A Token System,
2020
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Effects Of And Preference For Fixed Ratio And Time-Based Exchange Production Schedules In A Token System, Sarah Christian Holmes
LSU Master's Theses
Token systems have been implemented to change behavior across species and settings. Token systems involve token-production, exchange-production, and token-exchange schedules. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of fixed-ratio and yoked time exchange-production schedules on 4 preschoolers’ rate of responding on a marble spooning task, mean pause duration between responses, and percentage of session spent engaging in the target task. Following an initial reversal demonstrating a primary reinforcement effect, we used a multielement design to compare exchange-production schedule conditions and a control condition in which participants earned tokens that were not exchangeable. Following the exchange-production schedule comparison, we examined …
Substance Use, Neurocognitive Deficits, And Criminal Recidivism,
2020
CUNY John Jay College
Substance Use, Neurocognitive Deficits, And Criminal Recidivism, Emily H. Kim
Student Theses
Many offenders demonstrate substance use and neurocognitive impairments. Substance use directly impacts executive functioning due to poor impulse control, leading to impaired decision- making. Substance use and neurocognitive deficits also contribute to recidivism. Incarcerated individuals with substance use disorder have higher rates of recidivism, and executive dysfunction has been shown to contribute to recidivism due to low behavioral inhibition skills and deficiency with cognitive flexibility. There is a discontinuity in literature, however, since many studies only investigate either substance use or neurocognitive deficits to predict recidivism. However, it is important to examine the interaction of these factors to predict future …
Student Wellbeing And Open Studio Process In The School Curriculum,
2020
Lesley University
Student Wellbeing And Open Studio Process In The School Curriculum, Maria Kim
Expressive Therapies Dissertations
This study aimed to explore whether Open Studio Process (OSP) increased wellbeing of middle and high school students when facilitated by teachers as a part of the regular art curriculum. It was hypothesized that OSP might increase the sense of wellbeing among middle and high school students as well as facilitating teachers. The research was conducted as a mixed methods study in South Korea where students need preventative interventions for their wellbeing. The researcher trained eight teachers to facilitate OSP and five of them implemented it with their classes for seven sessions. Quantitative data (K-YSR; pre- and posttest) were collected …
Boundary Conditions Of Observational Learning In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders,
2020
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Boundary Conditions Of Observational Learning In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Andrew Blowers
Theses & Dissertations
Whether a child with autism spectrum disorder will exhibit observational learning may depend on their attention to a part of the observed contingency and the stimulus modalities of the observed contingency. The absence of observational learning due to one or more of these variables would constitute a boundary condition. We held attention constant and used a multiple probe design combined with a repeated acquisition design to tested observational learning across a diverse set of contingencies, which composed of a hidden-edible, hidden-toy, hidden-video, tact, receptive-identification , and intraverbal contingencies. During preteaching, two children with autism spectrum disorder showed observational learning with …
An Evaluation Of A Renewal-Mitigation Procedure For Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior,
2020
University of Nebraska Medical Center
An Evaluation Of A Renewal-Mitigation Procedure For Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior, Sarah D. Haney
Theses & Dissertations
Renewal, the increase in problem behavior during extinction following a context change (e.g., transfer of intervention from clinic to home), may be particularly concerning during interventions for feeding disorders because multiple context changes are often necessary for intervention generality and maintenance (Podlesnik et al., 2017). In the current study, we tested for renewal and evaluated a renewal-mitigation procedure when we transferred the intervention from a therapist to a caregiver, from clinic to the home, and introduced Context A foods. We used an ABA arrangement to evaluate the generality of the renewal effect with 7 children with feeding disorders. Context A …
Evaluating The Generality And Social Acceptability Of Early Friendship Skills,
2020
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Evaluating The Generality And Social Acceptability Of Early Friendship Skills, Ciobha A. Mckeown
Theses & Dissertations
The development of prosocial skills is considered pivotal to childhood development. The friendship unit of the Preschool Life Skills program teaches early prosocial skills likely to facilitate socially desirable behaviors in young children; however, the friendship unit is the most understudied unit and has produced modest, inconsistent outcomes across children. The current study aimed to evaluate procedures necessary to (a) teach friendship skills to four children, with and without developmental disabilities, in an applied context and (b) promote the use of the skills with a same-aged peer. Teaching five friendship skills in a one-on-one approach and adding tangible reinforcement, if …
Translational Evaluation Of The Effects Of Alternative Reinforcer Preference On Resurgence,
2020
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Translational Evaluation Of The Effects Of Alternative Reinforcer Preference On Resurgence, Madeleine D. Keevy
Theses & Dissertations
We assessed the differential effects of high- and low-preference stimuli as reinforcers during functional communication training (FCT) on resurgence of destructive behavior during extinction using a multielement design with the components signaled by color-coordinated stimuli. In baseline, analog destructive responding resulted in reinforcement in both components. Next, in the treatment phase, the therapist discontinued reinforcement for the analog destructive response and delivered a high-preference reinforcer for a functional communication response (FCR) in the HIGH component and a low-preference reinforcer for the FCR in the LOW component. In the resurgence test, the therapist discontinued reinforcement for both the FCR and analog …
Sustaining Behavior Reduction By Transitioning The Topography Of The Functional Communication Response During Fct,
2020
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Sustaining Behavior Reduction By Transitioning The Topography Of The Functional Communication Response During Fct, Kayla R. Randall
Theses & Dissertations
Initial rates of destructive behavior tend to be lower when behavior analysts select functional communication responses (FCRs) they can physically guide (e.g., a card-touch FCR). However, destructive behavior may recur at higher rates when FCR materials go missing than when the FCR no longer produces reinforcement. In Experiment 1, we extended prior research by demonstrating less resurgence of target responding when a vocal FCR remained available but no longer produced reinforcement compared to a condition in which neither the alternative response nor reinforcement was available. In contrast to these findings, Experiment 2 replicated other prior research showing that the ability …
Using Object-Choice Tasks To Investigate Sensory Perception In Sunda Pangolins (Manis Javanica),
2020
CUNY Hunter College
Using Object-Choice Tasks To Investigate Sensory Perception In Sunda Pangolins (Manis Javanica), Joshua Dipaola
Theses and Dissertations
Pangolins are one of the most heavily poached, yet least understood mammals in the world. In this study, we used an object-choice task to assess the ecological relevance and use of sensory information in Sunda pangolin foraging behavior. This is the first controlled experiment on pangolin behavior to our knowledge.
The Academic Success And Beyond-Academic Wellbeing Of High Functioning Autistic Boys: A Policy-Professional Care-School-Parent Ecological Perspective,
2020
Stephen F. Austin State University
The Academic Success And Beyond-Academic Wellbeing Of High Functioning Autistic Boys: A Policy-Professional Care-School-Parent Ecological Perspective, Evelyn Sauceda
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
High Functioning Autistic (HFA) boys have significant social, emotional, and cognitive difficulties and unique cognitive abilities that require special support from stakeholders in their ecology (policy makers, care providers, schools, and parents). The quality of such support and its ecological integration are of poor quality. The purpose of this study was to report on the perceptions of parents of HFA boys about their children’s academic and beyond-academic experiences as understood within a policy-care provider-school-parent ecological framework. This study contributes to the limited ecological literature on the topic. This exploratory, qualitative, phenomenological, non-experimental, and cross-sectional research study used a non-probability, purposive, …
