Applied Behavior Analysis Commons^™

When And Why Narcissists Exhibit Greater Hindsight Bias And Less Perceived Learning, Satoris S. Howes, Edgar E. Kausel, Alexander T. Jackson, Jochen Reb

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The present research sought to examine the impact of narcissism, prediction accuracy, and should counterfactual thinking—which includes thoughts such as “I should have done something different”—on hindsight bias (the tendency to exaggerate in hindsight what one knew in foresight) and perceived learning. To test these effects, we conducted four studies (total n = 727). First, in Study 1 we examined a moderated mediation model, in which should counterfactual thinking mediates the relation between narcissism and hindsight bias, and this mediation is moderated by prediction accuracy such that the relationship is negative when predictions are accurate and positive when predictions are …

Understanding The Relational Implications Of Treating Complex Patients In Integrated Primary Care Settings, Lauren Dennelly Msw, Lcsw, Sarah Bressi

Population Health

No abstract provided.

Behavioral Economic Analysis Of Demand For Hypothetical Work Performance: A Partial Replication, Hifsa Khan

McNair Research Journal SJSU

Operant behavioral economics is a field that analyzes human decision making by combining concepts of behavioral psychology and consumer demand theory. A relatively new and effective method of collecting data in behavioral economics is the hypothetical purchase task (HPT), which reveals consumers’ demand for a commodity as price increases by asking participants to respond to hypothetical situations rather than having them work for and consume the commodity. Henley, Reed, Kaplan, and Reed (2016) extended the HPT to create a novel task (the Hypothetical Work Task; HWT) to assess workers’ demand for payment under increasing conditions of work effort. Their study …

Full Issue

McNair Research Journal SJSU

No abstract provided.

Consumer Social Aspects Towards Online Banking, Allam Mawlawi

Al Jinan الجنان

This article mainly investigates the direct critical social aspects that determine the application of online banking in the market place. To be able to accomplish this mission, twelve theories are used to verify these major social aspects that shape this usage. To achieve the paper’s objective, the terms of online banking, consumer behavior and consumer social aspects in relation with these aspects are to be explained below; In addition a diversity of theories regarding this issue will be examined and explained in detail to clarify the core social factors underlining attitude formation toward online banking. This research will be divided …

الرشوة وعلاقتها ببعض المتغيرات النفسية والشخصية(دراسة ميدانية في بعض السجون الجزائرية), Bekkal Asma, Jamila Charef

Al Jinan الجنان

The current study sets up to investigate the psychological and social characteristics among the bribe taker in addition to examining its relationship to some psychological, social and behavioral variables. Accordingly, the researchers have administered a battery of standardized psychometric tests concerning self-concept, mental alienation and psychopathic deviance to a sample of 14 bribe takers among individual prisoners who were condemned for bribery crime in addition to a similar sample of individuals who were not concerned by bribery. Their range age varies from 25 and 65. The results of the study revealed that the bribe taker is characterized by a crude …

La Délinquance Des Jeunes Libanais Les Effets De La Guerre Civile, Ahmad Alami

Al Jinan الجنان

L’objet de cette recherche est de montrer l’effet de la guerre civile qui semble durer toujours sur la délinquance de certains jeunes libanais et sur la "détérioration" des us et coutumes voire du sens civique

A Dyadic Examination Of Drinking Behaviors Within Military-Connected Couples, James D. Lee, Annamarie Sophia O'Neill, Emily Catherine Denning, Cynthia Mohr, Leslie Hammer

Psychology Faculty Publications and Presentations

High rates of alcohol use have been documented within military personnel and spouses. However, scant research has investigated alcohol consumption behaviors in matched couples or nonclinical veteran samples. The manner in which couples influence one another’s drinking remains unclear. The current study examined hazardous drinking scores and drinking behaviors in a sample of post-9/11 separated service members (most of whom were veterans) and active duty reservists and their spouse/partners; 260 military-connected couples participated in the Study for Employment Retention of Veterans (SERVe) and were recruited from 35 workplace organizations in the Pacific Northwest. Participants completed baseline and daily surveys on …

The Intersection Of An Epidemic And Pandemic: Smoking, Risk-Taking, And Covid-19, Allison H. Stranick

Student Publications

Electronic cigarette use has risen drastically in recent years among teens and young adults. Rates of conventional cigarette use have decreased, while rates of electronic cigarette use are on the rise. Knowledge and perceptions of the risks and benefits of conventional and electronic cigarettes greatly impacts adolescents and young adults’ decisions to use these products. Published literature explores the issues of social norms, intertemporal choice, present bias, prospect theory, and hyperbolic discounting as means to explain the way in which young populations perceive risk and risky behavior. Research suggests that children and young adults believe that e-cigarettes are safer, less …

Evolutionary Psychology’S Next Challenge: Solving Modern Problems Using A Mismatch Perspective, Norman P. Li, Jose C. Yong, Mark Van Vugt

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

As acceptance of evolutionary perspectives in mainstream psychology grows, it becomes increasingly pertinent to ask what evolutionary psychology can do to solve real-world problems and better our lives. Answers to this important question will more than likely require an understanding and application of the evolutionary mismatch framework. This powerful framework suggests that many of our contemporary problems—ranging from diabetes and depression to low fertility and sustainability—stem from a mismatch between our evolved psychological mechanisms, which are designed to be adaptive in ancestral contexts, and modern environments, which present novel stimuli that these mechanisms are not well suited to handle. By …

We Mind Your Well-Being: Preventing Depression In Uncertain Social Networks By Sequential Interventions, Aye Phye Phye Aung, Xinrun Wang, Bo An, Xiaoli Li

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Mental health has become a major concern according to WHO who estimates that more than 350 million people worldwide are affected by depression. Studies have shown that interventions and social support can reduce stress and depression. However, counselling centers do not have enough resources to provide counselling and social support to all the participants in their interest. This paper helps social support organizations (e.g., university counselling centers) sequentially select the participants for interventions. Unfortunately, previous works do not consider emotion propagation from other neighbours of the influencees and initial uncertainties of mental states and influence. Moreover, they fail to scale …

Social Media Use Improves Executive Functions In Middle-Aged And Older Adults: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis, Shi Ann Shuna Khoo, Hwajin Yang

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Given the paucity of research on the cognitive implications of social media use in middle and late adulthood, we sought to understand the relations between middle-aged and older adults' social media use and their executive functions (EF)—a set of domain-general cognitive control processes—and the underlying mechanism. By analyzing a nationally representative cohort ranging from ages 40s–70s from the MIDUS Refresher Survey and Cognitive Project, we tested a serial mediation model with perception of social support and sense of control (i.e., personal mastery and perceived constraints) as sequential mediators in a structural equation modeling analysis. We found that perceived social support …

The Attractiveness Advantage At Work: A Cross-Disciplinary Integrative Review, Kelly A Nault, Marko Pitesa, Stefan Thau

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Compared with people of average attractiveness, the highly attractive earn roughly 20 percent more and are recommended for promotion more frequently. The dominant view of this “attractiveness advantage” is one of taste-based discrimination, whereby attractive individuals are preferred without justification in economic productivity. We conduct a comprehensive review of research on attractiveness discrimination, finding relatively more evidence that this phenomenon constitutes, to some extent, statistical (as opposed to solely taste-based) discrimination, in which decision makers assume that attractive people are more competent and discriminate based on instrumental motives. We then review research that speaks to whether decision makers might be …

Predictors Of Aberrant Driving Behaviours And Accident Involvement : Quantitative Objective And Subjective Evidence From Chinese And Pakistani Drivers, Rayna Sadia

Lingnan Theses (MPhil & PhD)

Traffic safety has emerged as a primary issue for governments, policymakers, and researchers globally since the surge of automobiles. Outcomes of minimal adherence to traffic safety (road traffic accidents, injuries, and fatalities) are detrimental to the socio-economic growth of any country. Human factors, by far, provide efficient opportunities to improve traffic safety than environmental and engineering factors. Among human factors, driving behaviours have higher potential to harm traffic safety than driving performance. Western empirical findings using self-reported measures have established the predictive role of driving behaviours in crash involvement. Due to cultural differences in the traffic environment and lack of …

How To Enhance Tourist Perceptions Of Environmental Issues Through Nature Images: An Importance-Performance Analysis, Hye Jeong Park, Eunkyoung Park

Journal of Global Business Insights

Environmental problems have been discussed as a serious issue across the world. To conserve nature, many environmental organizations have tried to facilitate tourists’ environmental perceptions by using nature images on their websites. However, few guidelines have been introduced regarding how to select appropriate nature images. Given this gap, this study conducted an importance-performance analysis (IPA) which provides the specific guideline for the use of appropriate nature images through nature-related websites. A total of 526 participants were recruited through an online survey. The results revealed that 14 nature images were categorized as Useful, Healthy, and Spontaneous nature images and identified different …

Development Of A Minority Stress Preventive Intervention For Sexual And Gender Minority Youth And Young Adults, Natalie Holt

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Mental health disparities amongst sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals are spurred by exposure to minority stressors and sustained by mediators of problems with emotion regulation, social support, and cognitive processes. Emerging clinical research suggests empirically supported behavioral health treatments can be culturally adapted to address these mental health disparities, however less work has focused on the prevention of symptoms. The present study developed a brief preventive intervention targeting mediators of the minority stress model for SGM youth and young adults aged 17 to 26. Focus groups with 8 SGM participants informed development to ensure the content and delivery of …

Using Brief Session Duration During Functional Analysis To Inform The Treatment Of Problem Behavior In 13 Consecutive Cases, Theresa Fiani

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Functional analyses allow a clinician to identify causal relations between environmental stimuli and problem behavior. Recent developments in functional analysis methodology have been devoted to creating practical procedures that can be conducted in a brief period of time. However, the extent to which improvements in analytic efficiency affect treatment outcomes have yet to be fully explored. We conducted a consecutive case series with 13 individuals who exhibited problem behavior. The participants experienced a comprehensive assessment and treatment program beginning with a functional analysis using 3-min sessions and ending with functional communication training and delay/denial tolerance training. Results demonstrated near elimination …

Misuse Of Social Behavior In Down Syndrome: Caregiver Conducted Functional Analysis, Sally M. Izquierdo

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Young children with Down syndrome often engage in charming non-contextual social behaviors. The developmental literature suggests that non-contextual social behaviors may function to escape from difficult activities to preferred social interactions. Caregivers may reinforce the behavior, perceiving it as evidence of the child’s social strength, when in fact, the pattern of behavior may also contribute to missed learning opportunities and a developmental gap between children with Down syndrome and their typically developing peers. We investigated the pattern by subjecting it for the first time to functional analyses. We identified non-contextual social behavior, confirmed function(s) of escape to attention, and compared …

Factors Associated With Binge Drinking During The Transition Into Adulthood: Exploring Associations Within Two Distinct Young Adult Age Ranges, Tamara Leech, Sarah Jacobs, Denis Watson

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background:

Binge drinking among young adults aged 18-21 years has declined over the past decade, but binge drinking rates among people 22-25 years old have remained largely the same. This steady trend in later years represents a departure from the traditional course of maturing out of risky alcohol use, perhaps because young adults are delaying the transition into adulthood.

Aims:

This paper explores the relationship between binge drinking and aspects of the transition into adulthood that could inform interventions targeting these two distinct groups of young adults.

Methods:

We use survey data on 1,081 young adults aged 18-25 living in …

Inspecting The Role Of Positive Emotions, Adaptive Coping, And Psychological Resources To Explain The Strengthening Of Resilience After Stress Exposure, David Kansakar

Lingnan Theses (MPhil & PhD)

A few studies have indicated the resilience promoting role of stressors but there is a lack of studies to delineate the underlying mechanisms. To address that gap of knowledge, this study utilizes a combination of broaden and build theory (Fredrickson, 1998, 2001b) and the stress and coping model (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) to delineate the mechanisms underlying strengthening of resilience upon exposure to stressors. The main underpinnings of the theoretical model are two pathways that lead to resilience. Based on the broaden and build theory, the experience of positive emotions will lead to resilience via adaptive coping and psychological resources. …