Neurosciences Commons^™

A Model Of Listening Engagement (Mole), Björn Herrmann, Ingrid S. Johnsrude

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Hearing impairment in older adulthood puts people at risk of communication difficulties, disengagement from listening, and social withdrawal. Here, we develop a model of listening engagement (MoLE) that provides a conceptual foundation to understand when people engage in listening and why some people disengage. We use the term “listening engagement” to describe the recruitment of executive and other cognitive resources in the service of a valued communication goal. Listening engagement, listening motivation, and listening experiences are closely interconnected: motivation and other factors determine the degree to which resources are recruited during listening, which in turn influences subjective listening experiences such …

The Neural Basis Of Metacognitive Monitoring During Arithmetic In The Developing Brain, Elien Bellon, Wim Fias, Daniel Ansari, Bert De Smedt

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

In contrast to a substantial body of research on the neural basis of cognitive performance in several academic domains, less is known about how the brain generates metacognitive (MC) awareness of such performance. The existing work on the neurobiological underpinnings of metacognition has almost exclusively been done in adults and has largely focused on lower level cognitive processing domains, such as perceptual decision-making. Extending this body of evidence, we investigated MC monitoring by asking children to solve arithmetic problems, an educationally relevant higher-order process, while providing concurrent MC reports during fMRI acquisition. Results are reported on 50 primary school children …

A Noteworthy Case Report Of Neuroborreliosis In An Unvaccinated Pediatric Patient., Amber R Walker, Teresita Morales-Yurick

Neuroscience Articles

INTRODUCTION: Lyme disease typically presents with viral-like symptoms and a pathognomonic rash. With disease progression, symptoms of nervous system involvement usually include facial nerve palsy and meningitis, but other atypical neurologic manifestations have less commonly been documented.

CASE REPORT: A six-year-old male presented with prolonged fevers, rash, headache, and non-specific neurologic symptoms. The diagnosis of neuroborreliosis with meningitis and polyradiculitis was confirmed with laboratory evaluation and lumbar puncture.

CONCLUSION: Neuroborreliosis is a disseminated form of Lyme disease. While meningitis is a common sign, the presentation of polyradiculitis in children is rare and can lead to misdiagnosis and delay in treatment.

Role Of Cerebral Vasculature And Effect Of Circulating Exosomes In Propagation Of Systemic Inflammatory Responses Into The Central Nervous System, Mahesh Chandra Kodali

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is an acutely progressing brain dysfunction induced by systemic inflammation. The mechanism of initiation of neuroinflammation during SAE, which ultimately leads to delirium and cognitive dysfunction, remains elusive. The goal of this project was to study the molecular events of SAE to capture its onset and progression into the central nervous system (CNS), and further identify the cellular players involved in mediating acute inflammatory signaling. Gene expression profiling on the cerebral vessels isolated from the brains of the mice treated with peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) revealed that the cerebral vasculature responds within minutes to acute systemic inflammation by …

Safety Results Of Administering Ocrelizumab Per A Shorter Infusion Protocol In Patients With Primary Progressive And Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis., Timothy L Vollmer, Jeffrey A Cohen, Enrique Alvarez, Kavita V Nair, Aaron Boster, Joshua Katz, Gabriel Pardo, Jinglan Pei, Pranil Raut, Sharmin Merchant, Elizabeth Maclean, Ashish Pradhan, Brandon Moss

Neuroscience Articles

BACKGROUND: Ocrelizumab is an approved MS treatment administered as two 300-mg intravenous infusions 2 weeks apart (Dose 1), each lasting approximately 2.5 hours, followed by single 600-mg infusions every 6 months lasting approximately 3.5 hours. Our objective was to evaluate shorter-duration ocrelizumab infusions in the Phase IIIb open-label SaROD study (NCT03606460).

METHODS: Eligible patients received ocrelizumab 600-mg Dose 2 or 3 infused over approximately 2 hours (Cohort 1) or ocrelizumab 300-mg Dose 1, Infusion 2 over approximately 1.5 hours (Cohort 2). The primary endpoint was the number and proportion of patients experiencing Grade 3-4 infusion-related reactions (IRRs) in Cohort 1. …

Robotic Deep Brain Stimulation (R-Dbs)-"Awake" Deep Brain Stimulation Using The Neuromate Robot And O-Arm., Girish K Hiremath

Neuroscience Articles

BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective surgical technique used to ameliorate the motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease. One of the key elements that determine successful patient outcomes is the accurate positioning of the DBS electrode during surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a robotic DBS (R-DBS) procedure using "awake" technique.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: This procedure was performed using a frame-based approach with the NeuroMate surgical robot and intraoperative image verification of DBS electrode placement using the O-arm mobile x-ray system. The procedure was performed "Awake" using microelectrode recording (MER), stimulation, and macro-electrode testing.

RESULTS: The accurate placement of DBS …

Efficacy Of Alemtuzumab Over 6 Years In Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Who Relapsed Between Courses 1 And 2: Post Hoc Analysis Of The Care-Ms Studies., Bart Van Wijmeersch, Barry A Singer, Aaron Boster, Simon Broadley, Óscar Fernández, Mark S Freedman, Guillermo Izquierdo, Jan Lycke, Carlo Pozzilli, Basil Sharrack, Brian Steingo, Heinz Wiendl, Sibyl Wray, Tjalf Ziemssen, Luke Chung, David H Margolin, Karthinathan Thangavelu, Patrick Vermersch

Neuroscience Articles

BACKGROUND: Alemtuzumab is administered as two annual courses for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients may relapse before completing the two-course regimen.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate 6-year outcomes in patients who relapsed between alemtuzumab Courses 1 and 2 (early relapsers).

METHODS: Post hoc analysis of patients from the Comparison of Alemtuzumab and Rebif

RESULTS: Early relapsers (CARE-MS I: 15%; CARE-MS II: 24%) had more relapses in 1-2 years pre-alemtuzumab and higher mean baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale score than patients without relapse. Their annualized relapse rate declined from Year 1 (CARE-MS I: 1.3; CARE-MS II: 1.2) to Year 2 …

Perampanel-Induced Cataplexy In A Young Male With Generalized Epilepsy, Kelsey Kenaan, Mohsin Zafar, Ronnie Bond, Barbara L. Gracious

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Perampanel (Fycompa) is a newer anti-epileptic drug believed to exert its effects in the central nervous system by inhibiting post-synaptic glutamate receptors. However, the precise therapeutic mechanism is unknown. The most common neuropsychiatric side effect is affective dysregulation; there are also reports of psychosis. We describe a 32 year old African American male with recurring generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures, who presented to our hospital with onset of mood lability for several months, after Perampanel was added to his antiepileptic medications. Perampanel administration was temporarily withheld, and subsequently on restarting, noted to be coincident with neuropsychiatric symptomatology, including motor weakness in …

Bioavailability And Spatial Distribution Of Fatty Acids In The Rat Retina After Dietary Omega-3 Supplementation, Elisa Vidal, Bokkyoo Jun, William C. Gordon, Marie Annick Maire, Lucy Martine, Stéphane Grégoire, Spiro Khoury, Stephanie Cabaret, Olivier Berdeaux, Niyazi Acar, Lionel Bretillon, Nicolas G. Bazan

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Spatial changes of FAs in the retina in response to different dietary n-3 formulations have never been explored, although a diet rich in EPA and DHA is recommended to protect the retina against the effects of aging. In this study, Wistar rats were fed for 8 weeks with balanced diet including either EPA-containing phospholipids (PLs), EPA-containing TGs, DHA-containing PLs, or DHA-containing TGs. Qualitative changes in FA composition of plasma, erythrocytes, and retina were evaluated by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Following the different dietary intakes, changes to the quantity and spatial organization of PC and PE species in retina were determined …

Immune Modulation As A Therapeutic Target In An Α-Synuclein Model Of Parkinson’S Disease, Meena Subhashini Subbarayan

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting about 1.5 million people in the United States with more than 60,000 people diagnosed each year. It is classically characterized by four major symptoms: tremor, postural instability, stiffness in joints, and slow movement (bradykinesia). Pathologically PD is characterized by up to 70% loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of midbrain and accumulation of presynaptic protein called α-synuclein (α-syn) within dopaminergic neurons that extend to the striatum. This disrupts the nigrostriatal pathway leading to the motor symptoms seen in PD patients. Microglia, the innate immune cells …

Developmental Pattern Of The Cortical Topology In High-Functioning Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Weihao Zheng, Zhiyong Zhao, Zhe Zhang, Tingting Liu, Yi Zhang, Jin Fan, Dan Wu

Publications and Research

A number of studies have indicated alterations of brain morphology in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, how ASD influences the topological organization of the brain cortex at different developmental stages is not yet well characterized. In this study, we used structural images of 492 high-functioning participants in the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database acquired from 17 international imaging centers, including 75 autistic children (age 7–11 years), 91 adolescents with ASD (age 12–17 years), and 80 young adults with ASD (age 18–29 years), and 246 typically developing controls (TDCs) that were age, gender, handedness, and full-scale IQ matched. …

Distribution Of Microglial Phenotypes As A Function Of Age And Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology In The Brains Of People With Down Syndrome, Alessandra C. Martini, Alex M. Helman, Katie L. Mccarty, Ira T. Lott, Eric Doran, Frederick A. Schmitt, Elizabeth Head

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Introduction: Microglial cells play an important role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). People with Down syndrome (DS) inevitably develop AD neuropathology (DSAD) by 40 years of age. We characterized the distribution of different microglial phenotypes in the brains of people with DS and DSAD.

Methods: Autopsy tissue from the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) from people with DS, DSAD, and neurotypical controls was immunostained with the microglial marker Iba1 to assess five microglia morphological types.

Results: Individuals with DS have more hypertrophic microglial cells in their white matter. In the gray matter, individuals with DSAD had significantly fewer ramified …

Marking Time: Colorful New Insights Into Master Clock Circuits, Deborah A.M. Joye, Jennifer A. Evans

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Neuronal Calcium Imaging, Excitability, And Plasticity Changes In The Aldh2-/- Mouse Model Of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease, Adam O. Ghoweri, Peter Gagolewicz, Hilaree N. Frazier, John C. Gant, R. David Andrew, Brian M. Bennett, Olivier Thibault

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Dysregulated signaling in neurons and astrocytes participates in pathophysiological alterations seen in the Alzheimer's disease brain, including increases in amyloid-β, hyperphosphorylated tau, inflammation, calcium dysregulation, and oxidative stress. These are often noted prior to the development of behavioral, cognitive, and non-cognitive deficits. However, the extent to which these pathological changes function together or independently is unclear.

OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the temporal relationship between calcium dysregulation and oxidative stress, as some reports suggest that dysregulated calcium promotes increased formation of reactive oxygen species, while others support the opposite. Prior work has quantified several key outcome measures associated with …

Visual Corticocortical Inputs To Ferret Area 18, Reem Khalil, Moody Roberne Jensy Saint Louis, Shaima Alsuwaidi, Jonathan B. Levitt

Publications and Research

Visual cortical areas in the adult mammalian brain are linked by a network of interareal feedforward and feedback circuits. We investigated the topography of feedback projections to ferret (Mustela putorius furo) area 18 from extrastriate areas 19, 21, and Ssy. Our objective was to characterize the anatomical organization of the extrastriate feedback pool to area 18. We also wished to determine if feedback projections to area 18 share similar features as feedback projections to area 17. We injected the tracer cholera toxin B subunit (CTb) into area 18 of adult ferrets to visualize the distribution and pattern of retrogradely labeled …

Feasibility Of Treating High Grade Gliomas In Children With Tumor-Treating Fields: A Case Series., John Crawford, Marlon G Saria, Girish Dhall, Ashley Margol, Santosh Kesari

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Children diagnosed with high grade gliomas (HGG) have dismal prognoses and treatment options remain limited. Tumor treating fields (TTFields) in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) is approved for the treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) in adult patients. However, clinical experience with TTFields in the pediatric HGG population is lacking. This retrospective review of four clinical cases was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of treating children diagnosed with HGG off-label with TTFields. Patients were evaluated for device compliance, safety, and outcome. Treatment with TTFields was delivered via four transducer arrays placed on the shaved scalp, which were connected to …

The Acute Effects Of The Atypical Dissociative Hallucinogen Salvinorin A On Functional Connectivity In The Human Brain, Manoj K. Doss, Darrick G. May, Matthew W. Johnson, John M. Clifton, Sidnee L. Hedrick, Thomas E. Prisinzano, Roland R. Griffiths, Frederick S. Barrett

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Salvinorin A (SA) is a κ-opioid receptor agonist and atypical dissociative hallucinogen found in Salvia divinorum. Despite the resurgence of hallucinogen studies, the effects of κ-opioid agonists on human brain function are not well-understood. This placebo-controlled, within-subject study used functional magnetic resonance imaging for the first time to explore the effects of inhaled SA on strength, variability, and entropy of functional connectivity (static, dynamic, and entropic functional connectivity, respectively, or sFC, dFC, and eFC). SA tended to decrease within-network sFC but increase between-network sFC, with the most prominent effect being attenuation of the default mode network (DMN) during the …

Aci-35 And Aadvac1 Active Immunotherapy As Preventative Treatment Options For Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, Emily C. Boehlein

Selected Honors Theses

One of the most common, as well as one of the most dangerous injuries amongst athletes today is mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), commonly known as concussion. Aside from physical symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, and headaches; concussions have can have longterm effects on brain physiology. A common neurological disease that can result from multiple concussions is Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), characterized by symptoms such as severe depression, anxiety, confusion, and aggression; amongst others.1 On the cellular level, CTE is classified by a unique pathway that leads to the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and subsequent clumping of tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles …

2021: Will It Be The Best Season For International Spine Meetings Ever?, Karsten Wiechert, Jens R Chapman, Jeffrey C Wang

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Classifying Complications: Assessing Adult Spinal Deformity 2-Year Surgical Outcomes., Eric O Klineberg, Peter G Passias, Gregory W Poorman, Cyrus M Jalai, Abiola Atanda, Nancy Worley, Samantha Horn, Daniel M Sciubba, D Kojo Hamilton, Douglas C Burton, Munish Chandra Gupta, Justin S Smith, Alexandra Soroceanu, Robert A Hart, Brian Neuman, Christopher P Ames, Frank J Schwab, Virginie Lafage

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of prospective database.

OBJECTIVE: Complication rates for adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery vary widely because there is no accepted system for categorization. Our objective was to identify the impact of complication occurrence, minor-major complication, and Clavien-Dindo complication classification (Cc) on clinical variables and patient-reported outcomes.

METHODS: Complications in surgical ASD patients with complete baseline and 2-year data were considered intraoperatively, perioperatively (<6 >weeks), and postoperatively (>6 weeks). Primary outcome measures were complication timing and severity according to 3 scales: complication presence (yes/no), minor-major, and Cc score. Secondary outcomes were surgical outcomes (estimated blood loss [EBL], …