Investigating The Relation Between Striatal Volume And Iq.,
2014
The Brain and Mind Institute, Natural Sciences Centre, Room 226, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada & Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
Investigating The Relation Between Striatal Volume And Iq., Penny A Macdonald, Hooman Ganjavi, D Louis Collins, Alan C Evans, Sherif Karama
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
The volume of the input region of the basal ganglia, the striatum, is reduced with aging and in a number of conditions associated with cognitive impairment. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relation between the volume of striatum and general cognitive ability in a sample of 303 healthy children that were sampled to be representative of the population of the United States. Correlations between the WASI-IQ and the left striatum, composed of the caudate nucleus and putamen, were significant. When these data were analyzed separately for male and female children, positive correlations were significant for the …
Nature Of The Neurotoxic Membrane Actions Of Amyloid-Β On Hippocampal Neurons In Alzheimer's Disease,
2014
University of Concepción
Nature Of The Neurotoxic Membrane Actions Of Amyloid-Β On Hippocampal Neurons In Alzheimer's Disease, Fernando J. Sepúlveda, Humberto Fierro, Eduardo Fernandez, Carolina Castillo, Robert W. Peoples, Carlos Opazo, Luis G. Aguayo
Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications
The mechanism by which amyloid-β (Aβ) produces brain dysfunction in patients with Alzheimer's disease is largely unknown. According to previous studies, Aβ might share perforating properties with gramicidin, a well-accepted membrane-disrupting peptide. Therefore, we hypothesize that the key steps leading to synaptotoxicity by Aβ and gramicidin involve peptide aggregation, pore formation, and calcium dysregulation. Here, we show that Aβ and gramicidin form aggregates enriched in β-sheet structures using electron microscopy, and Thioflavin and Congo Red staining techniques. Also, we found that Aβ and gramicidin display fairly similar actions in hippocampal cell membranes, i.e. inducing Ca2+ entry and synaptoxicity characterized …
Therapeutic Implications Of Estrogen For Cerebral Vasospasm And Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Induced By Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.,
2014
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
Therapeutic Implications Of Estrogen For Cerebral Vasospasm And Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Induced By Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage., Dale Ding, Robert M Starke, Aaron S Dumont, Gary K Owens, David M Hasan, Nohra Chalouhi, Md, Ricky Medel, Chih-Lung Lin
Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers
Cerebral vasospasm (CV) remains the leading cause of delayed morbidity and mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, increasing evidence supports etiologies of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) other than CV. Estrogen, specifically 17 β -estradiol (E2), has potential therapeutic implications for ameliorating the delayed neurological deterioration which follows aneurysmal SAH. We review the causes of CV and DCI and examine the evidence for E2-mediated vasodilation and neuroprotection. E2 potentiates vasodilation by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), preventing increased inducible NOS (iNOS) activity caused by SAH, and decreasing endothelin-1 production. E2 provides neuroprotection by increasing thioredoxin expression, decreasing c-Jun N-terminal …
Mobilizing Mechanically Ventilated Neuroscience Patients - A Clinical Practice Guideline To ‘Get Up And Go’,
2014
Lehigh Valley Health Network
Mobilizing Mechanically Ventilated Neuroscience Patients - A Clinical Practice Guideline To ‘Get Up And Go’, Bonnie Wasilowsky Bspa-Hca, Rn, Cnrn
Patient Care Services / Nursing
No abstract provided.
Ready-Set-Go! A Clinical Practice Guideline That Promotes Safe Care Of The Sedated Patient Before, During And After Transport,
2014
Lehigh Valley Health Network
Ready-Set-Go! A Clinical Practice Guideline That Promotes Safe Care Of The Sedated Patient Before, During And After Transport, Kimberly A. Martin Rn, Cnrn, Jennifer Houp Rn, Cnrn
Patient Care Services / Nursing
No abstract provided.
Flow-Diversion Panacea Or Poison?,
2014
Department of Neurosurgery, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University
Flow-Diversion Panacea Or Poison?, Mario Zanaty, Nohra Chalouhi, Md, Stavropoula I. Tjoumakaris, Robert H. Rosenwasswer Md, L. Fernando Gonzalez, Pascal Jabbour Md
Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers
Endovascular therapy is now the treatment of choice for intracranial aneurysms (IAs) for its efficacy and safety profile. The use of flow diversion (FD) has recently expanded to cover many types of IAs in various locations. Some institutions even attempt FD as first line treatment for unruptured IAs. The most widely used devices are the pipeline embolization device (PED), the SILK flow diverter (SFD), the flow redirection endoluminal device (FRED), and Surpass. Many questions were raised regarding the long-term complications, the optimal regimen of dual antiplatelet therapy, and the durability of treatment effect. We reviewed the literature to address these …
Ube3a Role In Synaptic Plasticity And Neurodevelopmental Disorders.The Lessons From Angelman Syndrome.,
2014
University of South Florida
Ube3a Role In Synaptic Plasticity And Neurodevelopmental Disorders.The Lessons From Angelman Syndrome., Irina Filonova
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Angelman Syndrome (AS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 1:12000 newborns. It is characterized by mental retardation, delayed major motor and cognitive milestones, seizures, absence of speech and excessive laughter. The majority of AS cases arise from deletions or mutations of UBE3A gene located on the chromosome 15q11-13. UBE3A codes for E3-ubiquitin ligase that target specific proteins for degradation. To date, a wide variety of Ube3a substrates has been identified. The accumulation of Ube3a-dependent proteins and their effect on the multitude of signal transduction pathways are` considered the main cause of the AS pathology. While the majority of research …
Defining The Role Of The Nurse In Transitions Of Care Within A Comprehensive Stroke Center,
2014
Lehigh Valley Health Network
Defining The Role Of The Nurse In Transitions Of Care Within A Comprehensive Stroke Center, Claranne Mathiesen Rn, Msn, Cnrn, Erin M. Conahan Rn, Cnrn
Patient Care Services / Nursing
No abstract provided.
Substance P Differentially Modulates Firing Rate Of Solitary Complex (Sc) Neurons From Control And Chronic Hypoxia-Adapted Adult Rats,
2014
Wright State University
Substance P Differentially Modulates Firing Rate Of Solitary Complex (Sc) Neurons From Control And Chronic Hypoxia-Adapted Adult Rats, Nicole L. Nichols, Frank L. Powell, Jay B. Dean, Robert W. Putnam
Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications
NK1 receptors, which bind substance P, are present in the majority of brainstem regions that contain CO2/H+-sensitive neurons that play a role in central chemosensitivity. However, the effect of substance P on the chemosensitive response of neurons from these regions has not been studied. Hypoxia increases substance P release from peripheral afferents that terminate in the caudal nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Here we studied the effect of substance P on the chemosensitive responses of solitary complex (SC: NTS and dorsal motor nucleus) neurons from control and chronic hypoxia-adapted (CHx) adult rats. We simultaneously measured intracellular pH …
Complexity Of Interferon-Γ Interactions With Hsv-1,
2014
Wright State University - Main Campus
Complexity Of Interferon-Γ Interactions With Hsv-1, Nancy J. Bigley
Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications
The intricacies involving the role of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in herpesvirus infection and persistence are complex. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) uses a variety of receptors to enter cells and is transported to and from the host cell nucleus over the microtubule railroad via retrograde and anterograde transport. IFN-γ exerts dual but conflicting effects on microtubule organization. IFN-γ stimulates production of suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 and 3 (SOCS1 and SOCS3), which are involved in microtubule stability and are negative regulators of IFN-γ signaling when overexpressed. IFN-γ also interferes with the correct assembly of microtubules causing them to undergo severe …
Intracellular Calcium Stores Drive Slow Non-Ribbon Vesicle Release From Rod Photoreceptors,
2014
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Intracellular Calcium Stores Drive Slow Non-Ribbon Vesicle Release From Rod Photoreceptors, Minghui Chen, David Križaj, Wallace B. Thoreson
Journal Articles: Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience
Rods are capable of greater slow release than cones contributing to overall slower release kinetics. Slow release in rods involves Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR). By impairing release from ribbons, we found that unlike cones where release occurs entirely at ribbon-style active zones, slow release from rods occurs mostly at ectopic, non-ribbon sites. To investigate the role of CICR in ribbon and non-ribbon release from rods, we used total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy as a tool for visualizing terminals of isolated rods loaded with fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator dyes and synaptic vesicles loaded with dextran-conjugated pH-sensitive rhodamine. We found that rather than …
Activation Of Mglur2/3 Receptors In The Ventro-Rostral Prefrontal Cortex Reverses Sensorimotor Gating Deficits Induced By Systemic Nmda Receptor Antagonists.,
2014
The University of Western Ontario
Activation Of Mglur2/3 Receptors In The Ventro-Rostral Prefrontal Cortex Reverses Sensorimotor Gating Deficits Induced By Systemic Nmda Receptor Antagonists., Bridget Valsamis, Michael Chang, Marei Typlt, Susanne Schmid
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating, which is disrupted in schizophrenia. NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist induced PPI disruption has become an important pharmacological model for schizophrenia; however, knowledge of the underlying mechanism remains incomplete. This study examines the role of NMDAR in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in NMDARs antagonist induced PPI deficits, as well as the NMDA receptor subtypes involved. We administered the NMDA antagonist MK-801 locally into the caudal pontine reticular formation (PnC), where the PPI mediating pathway converges with the primary startle pathway, …
Fgf-2 Induces Neuronal Death Through Upregulation Of System Xc-,
2014
Marquette University
Fgf-2 Induces Neuronal Death Through Upregulation Of System Xc-, Xiaoqian Liu, Rebecca Albano, Doug Lobner
Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications
The cystine/glutamate antiporter (system xc-) transports cystine into cell in exchange for glutamate. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) upregulates system xc- selectively on astrocytes, which leads to increased cystine uptake, the substrate for glutathione production, and increased glutamate release. While increased intracellular glutathione can limit oxidative stress, the increased glutamate release can potentially lead to excitotoxicity to neurons. To test this hypothesis, mixed neuronal and glial cortical cultures were treated with FGF-2. Treatment with FGF-2 for 48 h caused a significant neuronal death in these cultures. Cell death was not observed in neuronal-enriched cultures, or astrocyte-enriched …
Role Of Peripheral Immune Response In Microglia Activation And Regulation Of Brain Chemokine And Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses Induced During Vsv Encephalitis,
2014
Old Dominion University
Role Of Peripheral Immune Response In Microglia Activation And Regulation Of Brain Chemokine And Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses Induced During Vsv Encephalitis, Christina D. Steel, Kimberly Breving, Susan Tavakoli, Woong-Ki Kim, Larry D. Sanford, Richard P. Ciavarra
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
We report herein that neuroinvasion by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) activates microglia and induces a peripheral dendritic cell (DC)-dependent inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS). VSV neuroinvasion rapidly induces multiple brain chemokine and proinflammatory cytokine mRNAs that display bimodal kinetics. Peripheral DC ablation or T cell depletion suppresses the second wave of this response demonstrating that infiltrating T cells are primarily responsible for the bimodal characteristics of this response. The robust infiltrate associated with VSV encephalitis likely depends on sustained production of brain CCL19 and CCR7 expression on infiltrating inflammatory cells. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Corticosterone Administration Up-Regulated Expression Of Norepinephrine Transporter And Dopamine Β-Hydroxylase In Rat Locus Coeruleus And Its Terminal Regions,
2014
East Tennessee State University
Corticosterone Administration Up-Regulated Expression Of Norepinephrine Transporter And Dopamine Β-Hydroxylase In Rat Locus Coeruleus And Its Terminal Regions, Yan Fan, Ping Ping Chen, Ying Li, Kui Cui, Daniel M. Noel, Elizabeth D. Cummins, Daniel J. Peterson, Russell W. Brown, Meng-Yang Zhu
ETSU Faculty Works
Stress has been reported to activate the locus coeruleus (LC)-noradrenergic system. In this study, corticosterone (CORT) was orally administrated to rats for 21 days to mimic stress status. In situ hybridization measurements showed that CORT ingestion significantly increased mRNA levels of norepinephrine transporter (NET) and dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) in the LC region. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting revealed that CORT treatment also increased protein levels of NET and DBH in the LC, as well as NET protein levels in the hippocampus, the frontal cortex and the amygdala. However, CORT-induced increase in DBH protein levels only appeared in the hippocampus and …
Direct Control Of Visual Perception With Phase-Specific Modulation Of Posterior Parietal Cortex,
2014
CUNY Graduate Center
Direct Control Of Visual Perception With Phase-Specific Modulation Of Posterior Parietal Cortex, Andrew Jaegle, Tony Ro
Publications and Research
We examined the causal relationship between the phase of alpha oscillations (9–12 Hz) and conscious visual perception using rhythmic TMS (rTMS) while simultaneously recording EEG activity. rTMS of posterior parietal cortex at an alpha frequency (10 Hz), but not occipital or sham rTMS, both entrained the phase of subsequent alpha oscillatory activity and produced a phase-dependent change on subsequent visual perception, with lower discrimination accuracy for targets presented at one phase of the alpha oscillatory waveform than for targets presented at the opposite phase. By extrinsically manipulating the phase of alpha before stimulus presentation, we provide direct evidence that the …
Two Distinct Dynamic Modes Subtend The Detection Of Unexpected Sounds,
2014
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Two Distinct Dynamic Modes Subtend The Detection Of Unexpected Sounds, Jean-Rémi King, Alexandre Gramfort, Aaron Schurger, Lionel Naccache, Stanislas Dehaene
Psychology Faculty Articles and Research
The brain response to auditory novelty comprises two main EEG components: an early mismatch negativity and a late P300. Whereas the former has been proposed to reflect a prediction error, the latter is often associated with working memory updating. Interestingly, these two proposals predict fundamentally different dynamics: prediction errors are thought to propagate serially through several distinct brain areas, while working memory supposes that activity is sustained over time within a stable set of brain areas. Here we test this temporal dissociation by showing how the generalization of brain activity patterns across time can characterize the dynamics of the underlying …
Stereotactic Radiosurgery With Neoadjuvant Embolization Of Larger Arteriovenous Malformations: An Institutional Experience,
2014
Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience
Stereotactic Radiosurgery With Neoadjuvant Embolization Of Larger Arteriovenous Malformations: An Institutional Experience, Richard Dalyai, Thana Theofanis, Robert Starke, Nohra El-Chalouhi, Md, George M. Ghobrial Md, Pascal Jabbour, Md, Aaron Dumont, L. Fernando Gonzalez, David Gordon, Robert Rosenwasser, Stavropoula Tjoumakaris
Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers
Objective. This study investigates the safety and efficacy of a multimodality approach combining staged endovascular embolizations with subsequent SRS for the management of larger AVMs. Methods. Ninety-five patients with larger AVMs were treated with staged endovascular embolization followed by SRS between 1996 and 2011. Results. The median volume of AVM in this series was 28 cm3 and 47 patients (48%) were Spetzler-Martin grade IV or V. Twenty-seven patients initially presented with hemorrhage. Sixty-one patients underwent multiple embolizations while a single SRS session was performed in 64 patients. The median follow-up after SRS session was 32 months (range 9-136 months). …
Bihemispheric Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Effector-Independent Representations Of Motor Synergy And Sequence Learning.,
2014
Cognitive Neuroscience Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR/WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
Bihemispheric Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Effector-Independent Representations Of Motor Synergy And Sequence Learning., Sheena Waters-Metenier, Masud Husain, Tobias Wiestler, Jörn Diedrichsen
Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications
Complex manual tasks-everything from buttoning up a shirt to playing the piano-fundamentally involve two components: (1) generating specific patterns of muscle activity (here, termed "synergies"); and (2) stringing these into purposeful sequences. Although transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) has been found to increase the learning of motor sequences, it is unknown whether it can similarly facilitate motor synergy learning. Here, we determined the effects of tDCS on the learning of motor synergies using a novel hand configuration task that required the production of difficult muscular activation patterns. Bihemispheric tDCS was applied to M1 of …
The Evolutionary Young Mir-1290 Favors Mitotic Exit And Differentiation Of Human Neural Progenitors Through Altering The Cell Cycle Proteins.,
2014
University of Nebraska Medical Center
The Evolutionary Young Mir-1290 Favors Mitotic Exit And Differentiation Of Human Neural Progenitors Through Altering The Cell Cycle Proteins., Sowmya V. Yelamanchili, Brenda M. Morsey, Emily B. Harrison, D. A. Rennard, Kathleen M. Emanuel, I Thapa, D. R. Bastola, H. S. Fox
Journal Articles: Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience
Regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation during brain development results from processes requiring several regulatory networks to function in synchrony. MicroRNAs are part of this regulatory system. Although many microRNAs are evolutionarily conserved, recent evolution of such regulatory molecules can enable the acquisition of new means of attaining specialized functions. Here we identify and report the novel expression and functions of a human and higher primate-specific microRNA, miR-1290, in neurons. Using human fetal-derived neural progenitors, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line and H9-ESC-derived neural progenitors (H9-NPC), we found miR-1290 to be upregulated during neuronal differentiation, using microarray, northern blotting and qRT-PCR. We …
