Leveraging High-Resolution 7-Tesla Mri To Derive Quantitative Metrics For The Trigeminal Nerve And Subnuclei Of Limbic Structures In Trigeminal Neuralgia,
2021
CUNY City College
Leveraging High-Resolution 7-Tesla Mri To Derive Quantitative Metrics For The Trigeminal Nerve And Subnuclei Of Limbic Structures In Trigeminal Neuralgia, Judy Alper, Alan C. Seifert, Gaurav Verma, Kuang-Han Huang, Yael Jacob, Ameen Al Qadi, John W. Rutland, Sheetal Patel, Joshua Bederson, Raj K. Shrivastava, Bradley N. Delman, Priti Balchandani
Publications and Research
Background: Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is a chronic neurological disease that is strongly associated with neurovascular compression (NVC) of the trigeminal nerve near its root entry zone. The trigeminal nerve at the site of NVC has been extensively studied but limbic structures that are potentially involved in TN have not been adequately characterized. Specifically, the hippocampus is a stress-sensitive region which may be structurally impacted by chronic TN pain. As the center of the emotion-related network, the amygdala is closely related to stress regulation and may be associated with TN pain as well. The thalamus, which is involved in the trigeminal …
Scoping Review: The Empowerment Of Alzheimer’S Disease Caregivers With Mhealth Applications,
2021
Western University of Health Sciences
Scoping Review: The Empowerment Of Alzheimer’S Disease Caregivers With Mhealth Applications, Eunhee Kim, Andrius Baskys, Anandi V. Law, Moom R. Roosan, Yan Li, Don Roosan
Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative chronic diseases. As it progresses, patients become increasingly dependent, and their caregivers are burdened with the increasing demand for managing their care. Mobile health (mHealth) technology, such as smartphone applications, can support the need of these caregivers. This paper examines the published academic literature of mHealth applications that support the caregivers of AD patients. Following the PRISMA for scoping reviews, we searched published literature in five electronic databases between January 2014 and January 2021. Twelve articles were included in the final review. Six themes emerged based on the functionalities provided …
Placenta-Specific Slc38a2/Snat2 Knockdown Causes Fetal Growth Restriction In Mice,
2021
Wright State University - Main Campus
Placenta-Specific Slc38a2/Snat2 Knockdown Causes Fetal Growth Restriction In Mice, Owen R. Vaughan, Katarzyna Maksym, Elena Silva, Kenneth Barentsen, Russel V. Anthony, Sara L. Hillman, Thomas L. Brown, Rebecca Spencer, Anna L. David, Fredrick J. Rosario, Theresa L. Powell, Thomas Jansson
Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a complication of pregnancy that reduces birth weight, markedly increases infant mortality and morbidity and is associated with later-life cardiometabolic disease. No specific treatment is available for FGR. Placentas of human FGR infants have low abundance of sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (Slc38a2/SNAT2), which supplies the fetus with amino acids required for growth. We determined the mechanistic role of placental Slc38a2/SNAT2 deficiency in the development of restricted fetal growth, hypothesizing that placenta-specific Slc38a2 knockdown causes FGR in mice. Using lentiviral transduction of blastocysts with a small hairpin RNA (shRNA), we achieved 59% knockdown of …
Microrna-146a-5p, Neurotropic Viral Infection And Prion Disease (Prd),
2021
Alchem Biotech
Microrna-146a-5p, Neurotropic Viral Infection And Prion Disease (Prd), Aileen I. Pogue, Walter J. Lukiw
School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications
The human brain and central nervous system (CNS) harbor a select sub-group of potentially pathogenic microRNAs (miRNAs), including a well-characterized NF-kB-sensitive Homo sapiens microRNA hsa-miRNA-146a-5p (miRNA-146a). miRNA-146a is significantly over-expressed in progressive and often lethal viral- and prion-mediated and related neurological syndromes associated with progressive inflammatory neurodegeneration. These include ~18 different viral-induced encephalopathies for which data are available, at least ~10 known prion diseases (PrD) of animals and humans, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other sporadic and progressive age-related neurological disorders. Despite the apparent lack of nucleic acids in prions, both DNA- and RNA-containing viruses along with prions significantly induce miRNA-146a …
Childhood Exposure To Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (Pfas) And Neurobehavioral Domains In Children At Age 8 Years,
2021
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Childhood Exposure To Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (Pfas) And Neurobehavioral Domains In Children At Age 8 Years, Ann M. Vuong, Kimberly Yolton, Changchun Xie, Kim N. Dietrich, Joseph M. Braun, Glenys M. Webster, Antonia M. Calafat, Bruce P. Lanphear, Aimin Chen
Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research
Background: Toxicological studies have raised concerns regarding the neurotoxic effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, observational evidence from human studies investigating the association between childhood PFAS and neurobehavior is limited and remains unclear. Objectives: To examine whether childhood PFAS concentrations are associated with neurobehavior in children at age 8 years and whether child sex modifies this relationship. Methods: We used data from 208 mother-child dyads in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort (Cincinnati, OH, USA). We quantified PFAS in child serum at 3 and 8 years. We assessed …
Dimensionality Reduction For Classification Of Object Weight From Electromyography,
2021
Chapman University
Dimensionality Reduction For Classification Of Object Weight From Electromyography, Elnaz Lashgari, Uri Maoz
Psychology Faculty Articles and Research
Electromyography (EMG) is a simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective technology for measuring muscle activity. However, multi-muscle EMG is also a noisy, complex, and high-dimensional signal. It has nevertheless been widely used in a host of human-machine-interface applications (electrical wheelchairs, virtual computer mice, prosthesis, robotic fingers, etc.) and, in particular, to measure the reach-and-grasp motions of the human hand. Here, we developed an automated pipeline to predict object weight in a reach-grasp-lift task from an open dataset, relying only on EMG data. In doing so, we shifted the focus from manual feature-engineering to automated feature-extraction by using pre-processed EMG signals and thus …
Intensity-Dependent Changes In Quantified Resting Cerebral Perfusion With Multiple Sessions Of Transcranial Dc Stimulation,
2021
Wright State University - Main Campus
Intensity-Dependent Changes In Quantified Resting Cerebral Perfusion With Multiple Sessions Of Transcranial Dc Stimulation, Matthew Sherwood, Lindsey Mcintire, Aaron T. Madaris, Kamin Kim, Charan Ranganath, R. Andy Mckinley
Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the left prefrontal cortex has been shown to produce broad behavioral effects including enhanced learning and vigilance. Still, the neural mechanisms underlying such effects are not fully understood. Furthermore, the neural underpinnings of repeated stimulation remain understudied. In this work, we evaluated the effects of the repetition and intensity of tDCS on cerebral perfusion [cerebral blood flow (CBF)]. A cohort of 47 subjects was randomly assigned to one of the three groups. tDCS of 1- or 2-mA was applied to the left prefrontal cortex on three consecutive days, and resting CBF was quantified before …
Insights Into The Mechanisms Of Brain Endothelial Erythrophagocytosis,
2021
Keck Graduate Institute
Insights Into The Mechanisms Of Brain Endothelial Erythrophagocytosis, Jiahong Sun, Prema Vyas, Samar Mann, Annlia Paganini-Hill, Ane C. F. Nunes, Wei Ling Lau, David H. Cribbs, Mark J. Fisher, Rachita K. Sumbria
Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research
The endothelial cells which form the inner cellular lining of the vasculature can act as non-professional phagocytes to ingest and remove emboli and aged/injured red blood cells (RBCs) from circulation. We previously demonstrated an erythrophagocytic phenotype of the brain endothelium for oxidatively stressed RBCs with subsequent migration of iron-rich RBCs and RBC degradation products across the brain endothelium in vivo and in vitro, in the absence of brain endothelium disruption. However, the mechanisms contributing to brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis are not well defined, and herein we elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying brain endothelial erythrophagocytosis. Murine brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3 …
Medical Schools Ignore The Nature Of Consciousness At Great Cost,
2021
independent scholar
Medical Schools Ignore The Nature Of Consciousness At Great Cost, Anoop Kumar
Journal of Wellness
The essential question of the relationship between consciousness and matter is ignored in medical school curricula, leading to a machine-like view of the human being that contributes to physician burnout and intellectual dissatisfaction. The evidence suggesting that the brain may not be the seat of consciousness is generally ignored to preserve the worldview of the primacy of matter. By investigating new frameworks detailing the nature of consciousness at different levels of hierarchy, we can bring intellectual rigor to a once opaque subject that supports a fundamental reality about our experience: We are human beings, not only human bodies.
Therapeutic Efficacy Of A Potent Anti-Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Antibody Is Contingent On Fc Effector Function,
2021
The Texas Medical Center Library
Therapeutic Efficacy Of A Potent Anti-Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Antibody Is Contingent On Fc Effector Function, Vanja Krneta-Stankic, Mark E Corkins, Adriana Paulucci-Holthauzen, Malgorzata Kloc, Andrew B Gladden, Rachel K Miller
Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
E-cadherin junctions facilitate assembly and disassembly of cell contacts that drive development and homeostasis of epithelial tissues. In this study, using Xenopus embryonic kidney and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we investigate the role of the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) formin Daam1 (Dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1) in regulating E-cadherin-based intercellular adhesion. Using live imaging, we show that Daam1 localizes to newly formed cell contacts in the developing nephron. Furthermore, analyses of junctional filamentous actin (F-actin) upon Daam1 depletion indicate decreased microfilament localization and slowed turnover. We also show that Daam1 is necessary for efficient and timely localization of junctional …
Current State Of Preeclampsia Mouse Models: Approaches, Relevance, And Standardization,
2021
Wright State University - Main Campus
Current State Of Preeclampsia Mouse Models: Approaches, Relevance, And Standardization, Christopher A. Waker, Melissa R. Kaufman, Thomas L. Brown
Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications
Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystemic, pregnancy-specific disorder and a leading cause of maternal and fetal death. PE is also associated with an increased risk for chronic morbidities later in life for mother and offspring. Abnormal placentation or placental function has been well-established as central to the genesis of PE; yet much remains to be determined about the factors involved in the development of this condition. Despite decades of investigation and many clinical trials, the only definitive treatment is parturition. To better understand the condition and identify potential targets preclinically, many approaches to simulate PE in mice have been developed and …
Poster: Sars-Cov-2 Neuroinvasion,
2021
Otterbein University
Poster: Sars-Cov-2 Neuroinvasion, Heather M. Tatusko
Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)
Over the last century, science and literature has reported neurological manifestations during various disease outbreaks as well as long-term sequelae following epidemics and pandemics. Some of the first neurological symptoms reported with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19; caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-Cov-2]) were anosmia and dysgeusia, suggesting SARS-CoV-2 penetrance of the central nervous system (CNS). To date, the definite clinical and pathological basis of CNS involvement of SARS-CoV-2 remains poorly understood, with the neurovirulence of SARS-CoV-2 and its neuroinvasive potential remaining largely unknown. The author’s poster will explore neurological manifestations of COVID-19 disease, the direct and indirect …
Effects Of Genetics And Sex On Hippocampal Gene Expression And Adolescent Behaviors Following Neonatal Ethanol Exposure In Bxd Recombinant Inbred Mice,
2021
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Effects Of Genetics And Sex On Hippocampal Gene Expression And Adolescent Behaviors Following Neonatal Ethanol Exposure In Bxd Recombinant Inbred Mice, Jessica A. Baker
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are the leading preventable neurodevelopmental disorders in the western world. A hallmark symptom of FASD is cognitive and learning deficits that present in early childhood and continue throughout adulthood. Teratogenic effects of alcohol include increased cell death in the hippocampus, a brain region critically important in learning and memory. Genetics have been shown to have a role in the severity of alcohol’s teratogenic effect on the developing brain. Previous work in our lab identified differential vulnerability to ethanol-induced call death in the hippocampus using fourteen BXD strains and the two parental strains. The goal of …
Astrocyte-Derived Thrombospondin Induces Cortical Synaptogenesis In A Sex-Specific Manner,
2021
Marshall University
Astrocyte-Derived Thrombospondin Induces Cortical Synaptogenesis In A Sex-Specific Manner, Anna Mazur, Ean H. Bills, Kayla M. Deschepper, James C. Williams, Brandon J. Henderson, W. Christopher Risher
Biomedical Sciences
The regulation of synaptic connectivity in the brain is vital to proper functioning and development of the CNS. Formation of neural networks in the CNS has been shown to be heavily influenced by astrocytes, which secrete factors, including thrombospondin (TSP) family proteins, that promote synaptogenesis. However, whether this process is different between males and females has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we found that cortical neurons purified from newborn male rats showed a significantly more robust synaptogenic response compared with female-derived cells when exposed to factors secreted from astrocytes. This difference was driven largely by the neuronal response …
Taste Learning In Insular Cortex: Plasticity Is Influenced By Experience Type,
2021
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Taste Learning In Insular Cortex: Plasticity Is Influenced By Experience Type, Stephanie Marie Staszko
Theses and Dissertations (ETD)
The gustatory cortex (GC) has long been studied as the main cortical area encoding taste stimuli and likely integrates sensory, visceral, and emotional information to guide taste-related behaviors. However, our understanding of cortical taste coding on a single-cell level has only become clear in recent years. The anatomical location of GC on the lateral and ventral surface of the brain makes it difficult to target with traditional imaging methods. Thus, much of what we know about cortical taste coding and cortical taste plasticity has been derived either from multiunit electrode recordings or anesthetized imaging experiments, techniques which lack the ability …
The Role Of Action Potential Waveform In Failure Of Excitation Contraction Coupling,
2021
Wright State University - Main Campus
The Role Of Action Potential Waveform In Failure Of Excitation Contraction Coupling, Xueyong Wang, Murad Nawaz, Steve R.A. Burke, Roger Bannister, Brent D. Foy, Andrew A. Voss, Mark M. Rich
Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications
Excitation contraction coupling (ECC) is the process by which electrical excitation of muscle is converted into force generation. Depolarization of skeletal muscle resting potential contributes to failure of ECC in diseases such as periodic paralysis, ICU acquired weakness and possibly fatigue of muscle during vigorous exercise. When extracellular K+ is raised to depolarize the resting potential, failure of ECC occurs suddenly, over a range of several mV of resting potential. While some studies have hypothesized the sudden failure of ECC is due to all-or-none failure of excitation, other studies suggest failure of excitation is graded. Intracellular recordings of action potentials …
Immunological And Hematological Outcomes Following Protracted Low Dose/Low Dose Rate Ionizing Radiation And Simulated Microgravity,
2021
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Immunological And Hematological Outcomes Following Protracted Low Dose/Low Dose Rate Ionizing Radiation And Simulated Microgravity, Amber M. Paul, Eliah G. Overbey, Willian A. Da Silveira, Nathaniel Szewczyk, Nina C. Nishiyama, Michael J. Pecaut, Sulekha Anand, Jonathan M. Galazka, Xiao Wen Mao
Publications
Using a ground-based model to simulate spaceflight [21-days of single-housed, hindlimb unloading (HLU) combined with continuous low-dose gamma irradiation (LDR, total dose of 0.04 Gy)], an in-depth survey of the immune and hematological systems of mice at 7-days post-exposure was performed. Collected blood was profiled with a hematology analyzer and spleens were analyzed by whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (RNA-sequencing). The results revealed negligible differences in immune differentials. However, hematological system analyses of whole blood indicated large disparities in red blood cell differentials and morphology, suggestive of anemia. Murine Reactome networks indicated majority of spleen cells displayed differentially expressed genes (DEG) …
Machine Learning Classification Of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Versus Healthy Controls Using Arterial Spin Labeled Perfusion Mri,
2021
CUNY Graduate Center
Machine Learning Classification Of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Versus Healthy Controls Using Arterial Spin Labeled Perfusion Mri, Vanessa I. Grass
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide, yet accurate in vivo detection of TBI neuropathology remains challenging due to complexities in the structural and functional changes observed post-injury as well as limitations in conventional neuroimaging modalities. Although advanced neuroimaging techniques such as arterial spin labeling (ASL) can noninvasively assess cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes observed post-injury, this technique is underutilized in TBI research partly due to the low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) inherent in ASL imaging. The aim of the current study is to examine the use of machine learning, specifically a Support …
Explicit Training To Improve Affective Prosody Recognition In Adults With Acute Right Hemisphere Stroke,
2021
Johns Hopkins University
Explicit Training To Improve Affective Prosody Recognition In Adults With Acute Right Hemisphere Stroke, Alexandra Zezinka Durfee, Shannon M. Sheppard, Erin L. Meier, Lisa Bunker, Erjia Cui, Ciprian Crainiceanu, Argye E. Hillis
Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Articles and Research
Difficulty recognizing affective prosody (receptive aprosodia) can occur following right hemisphere damage (RHD). Not all individuals spontaneously recover their ability to recognize affective prosody, warranting behavioral intervention. However, there is a dearth of evidence-based receptive aprosodia treatment research in this clinical population. The purpose of the current study was to investigate an explicit training protocol targeting affective prosody recognition in adults with RHD and receptive aprosodia. Eighteen adults with receptive aprosodia due to acute RHD completed affective prosody recognition before and after a short training session that targeted proposed underlying perceptual and conceptual processes. Behavioral impairment and lesion characteristics were …
The Effects Of Mapk Signaling On The Development Of Cerebellar Granule Cells,
2021
University of Connecticut
The Effects Of Mapk Signaling On The Development Of Cerebellar Granule Cells, Kerry Morgan
Honors Scholar Theses
The granule cells are the most abundant neuronal type in the human brain. Rapid proliferation of granule cell progenitors results in dramatic expansion and folding of the cerebellar cortex during postnatal development. Mis-regulation of this proliferation process causes medulloblastoma, the most prevalent childhood brain tumor. In the developing cerebellum, granule cells are derived from Atoh1-expressing cells, which arise from the upper rhombic lip (the interface between the roof plate and neuroepithelium). In addition to granule cells, the Atoh1 lineage also gives rise to different types of neurons including cerebellar nuclei neurons. In the current study, I have investigated the …
