Alterations In Gene Array Patterns In Dendritic Cells From Aged Humans,
2014
University of Akron Main Campus
Alterations In Gene Array Patterns In Dendritic Cells From Aged Humans, Jia-Ning Cao, Anshu Agrawal, Edward Sharman, Zhenyu Jia, Sudhir Gupta
Statistics Faculty Research
Dendritic cells (DCs) are major antigen-presenting cells that play a key role in initiating and regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. DCs are critical mediators of tolerance and immunity. The functional properties of DCs decline with age. The purpose of this study was to define the age-associated molecular changes in DCs by gene array analysis using Affymatrix GeneChips. The expression levels of a total of 260 genes (1.8%) were significantly different (144 down-regulated and 116 upregulated) in monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) from aged compared to young human donors. Of the 260 differentially expressed genes, 24% were down-regulated by more than 3-fold, …
Diminished Humoral Responses Against And Reduced Gene Expression Levels Of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K (Herv-K) In Psoriasis,
2014
University of California - San Francisco
Diminished Humoral Responses Against And Reduced Gene Expression Levels Of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K (Herv-K) In Psoriasis, Rashmi Gupta, Henri-Alexandre Michaud, Xue Zeng, Maya Debbaneh, Sarah T. Arron, R. Brad Jones, Christopher E. Ormsby, Douglas F. Nixon, Wilson Liao
Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Impact Of Distinct Poxvirus Infections On The Specificities And Functionalities Of Cd4+ T Cell Responses.,
2014
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University
Impact Of Distinct Poxvirus Infections On The Specificities And Functionalities Of Cd4+ T Cell Responses., Nicholas A Siciliano, Adam R Hersperger, Aimee M Lacuanan, Ren-Huan Xu, John Sidney, Alessandro Sette, Luis J Sigal, Laurence C. Eisenlohr
Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers
UNLABELLED: The factors that determine CD4+ T cell (TCD4+) specificities, functional capacity, and memory persistence in response to complex pathogens remain unclear. We explored these parameters in the C57BL/6 mouse through comparison of two highly related (>92% homology) poxviruses: ectromelia virus (ECTV), a natural mouse pathogen, and vaccinia virus (VACV), a heterologous virus that nevertheless elicits potent immune responses. In addition to elucidating several previously unidentified major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II)-restricted epitopes, we observed many qualitative and quantitative differences between the TCD4+ repertoires, including responses not elicited by VACV despite complete sequence conservation. In addition, we observed functional …
Vaccination With A Genetically Modified Brugia Malayi Cysteine Protease Inhibitor-2 Reduces Adult Parasite Numbers And Affects The Fertility Of Female Worms Following A Subcutaneous Challenge Of Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones Unguiculatus) With B. Malayi Infective Larvae.,
2014
Louisiana State University
Vaccination With A Genetically Modified Brugia Malayi Cysteine Protease Inhibitor-2 Reduces Adult Parasite Numbers And Affects The Fertility Of Female Worms Following A Subcutaneous Challenge Of Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones Unguiculatus) With B. Malayi Infective Larvae., Sridhar Arumugam, Junfei Wei, Danielle Ward, David Abraham, Sara Lustigman, Bin Zhan, Thomas R. Klei
Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers
Vaccination of Mongolian gerbils with Brugia malayi cysteine protease inhibitor-2 in which the amino acid Asn66 was mutated to Lys66 (Bm-CPI-2M) resulted in reduced parasite numbers of 48.6% and 48.0% at 42 and 90 days p.i. with B. malayi L3s. Fertility of female worms was also affected at 90 days p.i. In vitro killing of L3s observed in the presence of gerbil peritoneal exudate cells and anti-Bm-CPI-2M sera suggests antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity as a putative protective mechanism. These observations suggest that Bm-CPI-2M is a promising prophylactic and anti-fecundity vaccine candidate.
The Microtubule-Associated Protein, Eb1, Links Aim2 Inflammasomes With Autophagy-Dependent Secretion,
2014
Molecular Medicine Research Center
The Microtubule-Associated Protein, Eb1, Links Aim2 Inflammasomes With Autophagy-Dependent Secretion, Li-Jie Wang, Hsin-Yi Huang, Meng-Pin Huang, Willisa Liou, Ya-Ting Chang, Chih-Ching Wu, David M. Ojcius, Yu-Sun Chang
All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles
Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that regulate chronic inflammation-associated diseases by inducing interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) secretion. Numerous components involved in inflammasome activation have been identified, but the mechanisms of inflammasome-mediated IL-1β secretion have not yet been fully explored. Here, we demonstrate that end-binding protein 1 (EB1), which is required for activation of AIM2 inflammasome complex, links the AIM2 inflammasome to autophagy-dependent secretion. Imaging studies revealed that AIM2 inflammasomes colocalize with microtubule organizing centers and autophagosomes. Biochemical analyses showed that poly(dA-dT)-activated AIM2 inflammasomes induce autophagy and IL-1β secretion in an LC3-dependent fashion. Furthermore, depletion of EB1 decreases autophagic shedding and intracellular trafficking. …
Epithelial Immunization Induces Polyfunctional Cd8+ T Cells And Optimal Mousepox Protection.,
2014
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University; Department of Biology, Albright College
Epithelial Immunization Induces Polyfunctional Cd8+ T Cells And Optimal Mousepox Protection., Adam R Hersperger, Nicholas A Siciliano, Brian C Dehaven, Adam E. Snook, Laurence C. Eisenlohr
Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers
We assessed several routes of immunization with vaccinia virus (VACV) in protecting mice against ectromelia virus (ECTV). By a wide margin, skin scarification provided the greatest protection. Humoral immunity and resident-memory T cells notwithstanding, several approaches revealed that circulating, memory CD8(+) T cells primed via scarification were functionally superior and conferred enhanced virus control. Immunization via the epithelial route warrants further investigation, as it may also provide enhanced defense against other infectious agents.
Co-Infection With Hpv Types From The Same Species Provides Natural Cross-Protection From Progression To Cervical Cancer,
2014
Dartmouth College
Co-Infection With Hpv Types From The Same Species Provides Natural Cross-Protection From Progression To Cervical Cancer, Rafal S. Sobota, Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Scott M. Williams, Nicola M. Zetola
Dartmouth Scholarship
The worldwide administration of bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines has resulted in cross-protection against non-vaccine HPV types. Infection with multiple HPV types may offer similar cross-protection in the natural setting. We hypothesized that infections with two or more HPV types from the same species, and independently, infections with two or more HPV types from different species, associate with protection from high-grade lesions.
Cyclic Di-Gmp-Dependent Signaling Pathways In The Pathogenic Firmicute Listeria Monocytogenes,
2014
University of Wyoming
Cyclic Di-Gmp-Dependent Signaling Pathways In The Pathogenic Firmicute Listeria Monocytogenes, Li-Hong Chen, Volkan K. Köseoğlu, Zehra T. Güvener, Tanya Myers-Morales, Joseph M. Reed, Sarah E. F. D'Orazio, Kurt W. Miller, Mark Gomelsky
Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications
We characterized key components and major targets of the c-di-GMP signaling pathways in the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, identified a new c-di-GMP-inducible exopolysaccharide responsible for motility inhibition, cell aggregation, and enhanced tolerance to disinfectants and desiccation, and provided first insights into the role of c-di-GMP signaling in listerial virulence. Genome-wide genetic and biochemical analyses of c-di-GMP signaling pathways revealed that L. monocytogenes has three GGDEF domain proteins, DgcA (Lmo1911), DgcB (Lmo1912) and DgcC (Lmo2174), that possess diguanylate cyclase activity, and three EAL domain proteins, PdeB (Lmo0131), PdeC (Lmo1914) and PdeD (Lmo0111), that possess c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity. Deletion of all phosphodiesterase …
Cyclic Di-Gmp-Dependent Signaling Pathways In The Pathogenic Firmicute Listeria Monocytogenes,
2014
University of Wyoming
Cyclic Di-Gmp-Dependent Signaling Pathways In The Pathogenic Firmicute Listeria Monocytogenes, Li-Hong Chen, Volkan K. Köseoğlu, Zehra T. Güvener, Tanya Myers-Morales, Joseph M. Reed, Sarah E. F. D'Orazio, Kurt W. Miller, Mark Gomelsky
Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications
We characterized key components and major targets of the c-di-GMP signaling pathways in the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, identified a new c-di-GMP-inducible exopolysaccharide responsible for motility inhibition, cell aggregation, and enhanced tolerance to disinfectants and desiccation, and provided first insights into the role of c-di-GMP signaling in listerial virulence. Genome-wide genetic and biochemical analyses of c-di-GMP signaling pathways revealed that L. monocytogenes has three GGDEF domain proteins, DgcA (Lmo1911), DgcB (Lmo1912) and DgcC (Lmo2174), that possess diguanylate cyclase activity, and three EAL domain proteins, PdeB (Lmo0131), PdeC (Lmo1914) and PdeD (Lmo0111), that possess c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase activity. Deletion of all …
Imaging Luciferase-Expressing Viruses,
2014
Mayo Clinic
Imaging Luciferase-Expressing Viruses, Michael A. Barry, Shannon May, Eric A. Weaver
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Optical imaging of luciferage gene expression has become a powerful tool to track cells and viruses in vivo in small animal models. Luciferase imaging has been used to study the location of infection by replication-defective and replication-competent viruses and to track changes in the distribution of viruses in mouse models. This approach has also been used in oncolytic studies as a non-invasive means to monitor the growth and killing of tumor cells modified with luciferase genes. In this chapter, we describe the techniques used for luciferase imaging as have been applied to track replication-defective and replication-competent adenoviruses in mouse and …
Vaccines To Combat River Blindness: Expression, Selection And Formulation Of Vaccines Against Infection With Onchocerca Volvulus In A Mouse Model.,
2014
Thomas Jefferson University
Vaccines To Combat River Blindness: Expression, Selection And Formulation Of Vaccines Against Infection With Onchocerca Volvulus In A Mouse Model., Jessica A. Hess, Bin Zhan, Sandra Bonne-Annee, Jessica M. Deckman, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Peter J. Hotez, Thomas R R. Klei, Sara Lustigman, David Abraham
Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers
Human onchocerciasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Onchocerca volvulus and an important cause of blindness and chronic disability in the developing world. Although mass drug administration of ivermectin has had a profound effect on control of the disease, additional tools are critically needed including the need for a vaccine against onchocerciasis. The objectives of the present study were to: (i) select antigens with known vaccine pedigrees as components of a vaccine; (ii) produce the selected vaccine antigens under controlled conditions, using two expression systems and in one laboratory and (iii) evaluate their vaccine efficacy using a single immunisation …
The Mucosal Expression Pattern Of Interferon-Ε In Rhesus Macaques,
2014
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
The Mucosal Expression Pattern Of Interferon-Ε In Rhesus Macaques, Andrew Demers, Guobin Kang, Fangrui Ma, Wuxun Lu, Zhe Yuan, Yue Li, Mark Lewis, Edmundo N. Kraiselburd, Luis Montaner, Qingsheng Li
Qingsheng Li Publications
Type I IFNs play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity against viral infections. A novel type I IFN, namely IFN-ε, which can protect against vaginal transmission of HSV2 and Chlamydia muridarum bacterial infection, has been described in mice and humans. Nevertheless, the principle cell type and the expression pattern of IFN-ε in tissues remain uncertain. In addition, the expression of IFN-ε in Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) has not been reported. Here, we analyzed IFN-ε expression in multiple mucosal sites of uninfected or SIV-infected Indian rhesus macaques using IHCS. We report for the first time the …
The Avian Thrombocyte Is A Specialized Immune Cell,
2014
Clemson University
The Avian Thrombocyte Is A Specialized Immune Cell, Farzana Ferdous
All Dissertations
Thrombocytes are the most abundant circulating cells next to red blood cells in avian blood. Avian thrombocytes are homologous in function to mammalian platelets. Avian thrombocytes and the mammalian platelet are widely recognized contributors to inflammatory responses upon stimulation with various microbial stimulants. However, some observed responses of the avian thrombocyte depart from a standardized model ascribed to innate cells. To help unravel the role of thrombocytes in innate immunity, and possibly adaptive immunity, first we examined the surface features of chicken thrombocytes. Chicken thrombocytes constitutively express transcripts for different Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that are crucial for the innate immune …
Vcam-1/Α4Β1 Integrin Interaction Is Crucial For Prompt Recruitment Of Immune T Cells Into The Brain During The Early Stage Of Reactivation Of Chronic Infection With Toxoplasma Gondii To Prevent Toxoplasmic Encephalitis,
2014
University of Kentucky
Vcam-1/Α4Β1 Integrin Interaction Is Crucial For Prompt Recruitment Of Immune T Cells Into The Brain During The Early Stage Of Reactivation Of Chronic Infection With Toxoplasma Gondii To Prevent Toxoplasmic Encephalitis, Qila Sa, Eri Ochiai, Tomoko Sengoku, Melinda E. Wilson, Morgan Brogli, Stephen Crutcher, Sara A. Michie, Baohui Xu, Laura Payne, Xisheng Wang, Yasuhiro Suzuki
Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications
Reactivation of chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii can cause life-threatening toxoplasmic encephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. We examined the role of VCAM-1/α4β1 integrin interaction in T cell recruitment to prevent reactivation of the infection in the brain. SCID mice were infected and treated with sulfadiazine to establish a chronic infection. VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were the endothelial adhesion molecules detected on cerebral vessels of the infected SCID and wild-type animals. Immune T cells from infected wild-type mice were treated with anti-α4 integrin or control antibodies and transferred into infected SCID or nude mice, and the animals received the same antibody every other …
Systemic Hematogenous Maintenance Of Memory Inflation By Mcmv Infection.,
2014
Thomas Jefferson University
Systemic Hematogenous Maintenance Of Memory Inflation By Mcmv Infection., Corinne J Smith, Holly Turula, Christopher M. Snyder
Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers
Several low-grade persistent viral infections induce and sustain very large numbers of virus-specific effector T cells. This was first described as a response to cytomegalovirus (CMV), a herpesvirus that establishes a life-long persistent/latent infection, and sustains the largest known effector T cell populations in healthy people. These T cells remain functional and traffic systemically, which has led to the recent exploration of CMV as a persistent vaccine vector. However, the maintenance of this remarkable response is not understood. Current models propose that reservoirs of viral antigen and/or latently infected cells in lymph nodes stimulate T cell proliferation and effector differentiation, …
Crohn’S Disease Linked Polymorphisms Associated With Autophagy Contribute To Th17 Cell Induction Through Increasing The Expression Of Il-1Β And Tnf-Α,
2014
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Crohn’S Disease Linked Polymorphisms Associated With Autophagy Contribute To Th17 Cell Induction Through Increasing The Expression Of Il-1Β And Tnf-Α, Daniel Clayton Morse
Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have linked polymorphisms in autophagy genes to Crohn’s Disease (CD). Interestingly, recent studies have shown that defective autophagy leads to increased levels of the cytokines IL-1b and TNF-a, which play a critical role in Th17 cell differentiation. This is significant because CD is marked by a Th17 cell mediated inflammatory response. This article examines the manners in which defective expression of autophagy linked proteins, can indirectly amplify and sustain Th17 cell induction through increasing the production of Th17 positively differentiating cytokines (IL-1b and TNF-a) and decreasing the production of a Th17 down regulating cytokine, IL-10.
Fty720 (Fingolimod) Provides Insight Into The Molecular Mechanisms Of Multiple Sclerosis,
2014
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Fty720 (Fingolimod) Provides Insight Into The Molecular Mechanisms Of Multiple Sclerosis, Madelyn Elizabeth Crawford
Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a prolonged immune- mediated inflammatory response that targets myelin. Nearly all of the drugs approved for the treatment of MS are general immunosuppressants or only function in symptom management. The oral medication fingolimod, however, is reported to have direct therapeutic effects on cells of the central nervous system in addition to immunomodulatory functions. Fingolimod is known to interact with sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors, and the most widely- accepted theory for its mechanism of action is functional antagonism of the receptor. This review examines significant neuromodulatory effects achieved by functional antagonism of the …
Identification Of Cd24 As A Cancer Stem Cell Marker In Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma,
2014
Chang Gung University
Identification Of Cd24 As A Cancer Stem Cell Marker In Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Chun-Hung Yang, Hui-Ling Wang, Yi-Sheng Lin, K. P. Shravan Kumar, Hung-Chi Lin, Chih-Jung Chang, Chia-Chen Lu, Tsung-Teng Huang, Jan Martel, David M. Ojcius, Yu-Sun Chang, John Ding-E. Young, Hsin-Chih Lai
All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a unique sub-population of tumor cells with the ability to initiate tumor growth and sustain self-renewal. Although CSC biomarkers have been described for various tumors, only a few markers have been identified for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we show that CD24+ cells isolated from human NPC cell lines express stem cell genes (Sox2, Oct4, Nanog, Bmi-1, and Rex-1), and show activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CD24+ cells possess typical CSC characteristics that include enhanced cell proliferation, increased colony and sphere formation, maintenance of cell differentiation potential in prolonged …
Immunomodulatory Activity Of Interferon-Beta,
2014
Dartmouth College
Immunomodulatory Activity Of Interferon-Beta, Lloyd H. Kasper, Anthony T. Reder
Dartmouth Scholarship
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disorder of the central nervous system that appears to be driven by a shift in immune functioning toward excess inflammation that results in demyelination and axonal loss. Beta interferons were the first class of disease-modifying therapies to be approved for patients with MS after treatment with this type I interferon improved the course of MS on both clinical and radiological measures in clinical trials. The mechanism of action of interferon-beta appears to be driven by influencing the immune system at many levels, including antigen-presenting cells, T cells, and B cells. One effect of these …
Intrinsic Innate Immunity Fails To Control Herpes Simplex Virus And Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Replication In Sensory Neurons And Fibroblasts,
2014
Dartmouth College
Intrinsic Innate Immunity Fails To Control Herpes Simplex Virus And Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Replication In Sensory Neurons And Fibroblasts, Pamela C. Rosato, David A. Leib
Dartmouth Scholarship
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establishes lifelong latent infections in the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglia (TG), wherein it retains the capacity to reactivate. The interferon (IFN)-driven antiviral response is critical for the control of HSV-1 acute replication. We therefore sought to further investigate this response in TG neurons cultured from adult mice deficient in a variety of IFN signaling components. Parallel experiments were also performed in fibroblasts isolated concurrently. We showed that HSV-1 replication was comparable in wild-type (WT) and IFN signaling-deficient neurons and fibroblasts. Unexpectedly, a similar pattern was observed for the IFN-sensitive vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). …
