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Ubiquitous Aberration In Cholesterol Metabolism Across Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Venugopal Gunda, Thiago C. Genaro-Mattos, Jyoti B. Kaushal, Ramakanth C. Venkata, Gopalakrishnan Natarajan, Kavita Mallya, Paul M. Grandgenett, Karoly Mirnics, Surinder K. Batra, Zeljka Korade, Satyanarayana Rachagani 2022 University of Nebraska Medical Center

Ubiquitous Aberration In Cholesterol Metabolism Across Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Venugopal Gunda, Thiago C. Genaro-Mattos, Jyoti B. Kaushal, Ramakanth C. Venkata, Gopalakrishnan Natarajan, Kavita Mallya, Paul M. Grandgenett, Karoly Mirnics, Surinder K. Batra, Zeljka Korade, Satyanarayana Rachagani

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by metabolic deregulations that often manifest as deviations in metabolite levels and aberrations in their corresponding metabolic genes across the clinical specimens and preclinical PC models. Cholesterol is one of the critical metabolites supporting PC, synthesized or acquired by PC cells. Nevertheless, the significance of the de novo cholesterol synthesis pathway has been controversial in PC, indicating the need to reassess this pathway in PC. We utilized preclinical models and clinical specimens of PC patients and cell lines and utilized mass spectrometry-based sterol analysis. Further, we also performed in silico analysis to corroborate the significance …


Depletion Of Transmembrane Mucin 4 (Muc4) Alters Intestinal Homeostasis In A Genetically Engineered Mouse Model Of Colorectal Cancer, Ramesh Pothuraju, Priya Pai, Sanjib Chaudhary, Jawed A. Siddiqui, Jesse L. Cox, Sukhwinder Kaur, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Hemant K. Roy, Michael Bouvet, Surinder K. Batra 2022 University of Nebraska Medical Center

Depletion Of Transmembrane Mucin 4 (Muc4) Alters Intestinal Homeostasis In A Genetically Engineered Mouse Model Of Colorectal Cancer, Ramesh Pothuraju, Priya Pai, Sanjib Chaudhary, Jawed A. Siddiqui, Jesse L. Cox, Sukhwinder Kaur, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Hemant K. Roy, Michael Bouvet, Surinder K. Batra

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mucins are components of the mucus layer overlying the intestinal epithelial cells, which maintains physiological homeostasis. Altered mucin expression is associated with disease progression. Expression of MUC4 decreases in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, its functional role and implications in the intestinal pathology in CRC are not studied well. Therefore, we generated a genetically engineered Muc4 knockout (Muc4-/-) CRC mouse model by crossing with Muc4-/- and Apcflox/flox mice in the presence of colon-specific inducible Cre. We observed that deficiency of Muc4 results in an increased number of macroscopic tumors in the colon and rectal region and leads …


Liquid Biopsies To Occult Brain Metastasis, Asad Ur Rehman, Parvez Khan, Shailendra K. Maurya, Jawed A. Siddiqui, Juan A. Santamaria-Barria, Surinder K. Batra, Mohd W. Nasser 2022 University of Nebraska Medical Center

Liquid Biopsies To Occult Brain Metastasis, Asad Ur Rehman, Parvez Khan, Shailendra K. Maurya, Jawed A. Siddiqui, Juan A. Santamaria-Barria, Surinder K. Batra, Mohd W. Nasser

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Brain metastasis (BrM) is a major problem associated with cancer-related mortality, and currently, no specific biomarkers are available in clinical settings for early detection. Liquid biopsy is widely accepted as a non-invasive method for diagnosing cancer and other diseases. We have reviewed the evidence that shows how the molecular alterations are involved in BrM, majorly from breast cancer (BC), lung cancer (LC), and melanoma, with an inception in how they can be employed for biomarker development. We discussed genetic and epigenetic changes that influence cancer cells to breach the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and help to establish metastatic lesions in the …


Gdf15 Promotes Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis And Colonization Through Osteoblastic Ccl2 And Rankl Activation, Jawed A. Siddiqui, Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu, Sakthivel Muniyan, Ramesh Pothuraju, Parvez Khan, Raghupathy Vengoji, Sanjib Chaudhary, Shailendra K. Maurya, Subodh M. Lele, Maneesh Jain, K Datta, Mohd W. Nasser, Surinder K. Batra 2022 University of Nebraska Medical Center

Gdf15 Promotes Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis And Colonization Through Osteoblastic Ccl2 And Rankl Activation, Jawed A. Siddiqui, Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu, Sakthivel Muniyan, Ramesh Pothuraju, Parvez Khan, Raghupathy Vengoji, Sanjib Chaudhary, Shailendra K. Maurya, Subodh M. Lele, Maneesh Jain, K Datta, Mohd W. Nasser, Surinder K. Batra

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Bone metastases occur in patients with advanced-stage prostate cancer (PCa). The cell-cell interaction between PCa and the bone microenvironment forms a vicious cycle that modulates the bone microenvironment, increases bone deformities, and drives tumor growth in the bone. However, the molecular mechanisms of PCa-mediated modulation of the bone microenvironment are complex and remain poorly defined. Here, we evaluated growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) function using in vivo preclinical PCa-bone metastasis mouse models and an in vitro bone cell coculture system. Our results suggest that PCa-secreted GDF15 promotes bone metastases and induces bone microarchitectural alterations in a preclinical xenograft model. Mechanistic studies …


The Gsk3 Kinase And Lztr1 Protein Regulate The Stability Of Ras Family Proteins And The Proliferation Of Pancreatic Cancer Cells, Chitra Palanivel, Neha Chaudhary, Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu, Jesse L. Cox, Ying Yan, Surinder K. Batra, Michel M. Ouellette 2022 University of Nebraska Medical Center

The Gsk3 Kinase And Lztr1 Protein Regulate The Stability Of Ras Family Proteins And The Proliferation Of Pancreatic Cancer Cells, Chitra Palanivel, Neha Chaudhary, Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu, Jesse L. Cox, Ying Yan, Surinder K. Batra, Michel M. Ouellette

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Ras family proteins are membrane-bound GTPases that control proliferation, survival, and motility. Many forms of cancers are driven by the acquisition of somatic mutations in a RAS gene. In pancreatic cancer (PC), more than 90% of tumors carry an activating mutation in KRAS. Mutations in components of the Ras signaling pathway can also be the cause of RASopathies, a group of developmental disorders. In a subset of RASopathies, the causal mutations are in the LZTR1 protein, a substrate adaptor for E3 ubiquitin ligases that promote the degradation of Ras proteins. Here, we show that the function of LZTR1 is regulated …


Tumor Microenvironment Enriches The Stemness Features: The Architectural Event Of Therapy Resistance And Metastasis, Palanisamy Nallasamy, Rama Krishna Nimmakayala, Seema Parte, Abhirup C. Are, Surinder K. Batra, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy 2022 University of Nebraska Medical Center

Tumor Microenvironment Enriches The Stemness Features: The Architectural Event Of Therapy Resistance And Metastasis, Palanisamy Nallasamy, Rama Krishna Nimmakayala, Seema Parte, Abhirup C. Are, Surinder K. Batra, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cancer divergence has many facets other than being considered a genetic term. It is a tremendous challenge to understand the metastasis and therapy response in cancer biology; however, it postulates the opportunity to explore the possible mechanism in the surrounding tumor environment. Most deadly solid malignancies are distinctly characterized by their tumor microenvironment (TME). TME consists of stromal components such as immune, inflammatory, endothelial, adipocytes, and fibroblast cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cancer stem-like cells are a small sub-set of the population within cancer cells believed to be a responsible player in the self-renewal, metastasis, and therapy response of …


Defining Patient Cohorts For Guiding Clinical Trials And Treatment In Lafora Disease: A Model For The Rare Disease Community, Katherine Janae Donohue 2022 University of Kentucky

Defining Patient Cohorts For Guiding Clinical Trials And Treatment In Lafora Disease: A Model For The Rare Disease Community, Katherine Janae Donohue

Theses and Dissertations--Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry

In the US, approximately 8000 rare diseases have been identified. Combined, rare diseases impact more than 30 million people in the U.S. alone, with 75% of those being children. However, research, funding, and therapeutic development for the rare disease community remains challenging because of the incredible diversity – not only between diseases, but often even within a single disease.

LD is an ultra-rare childhood dementia and epilepsy caused by mutations in one of two driver genes: EPM2A, which encodes for the glycogen phosphatase laforin, and EPM2B/NHLRC1, which encodes the E3 ubiquitin ligase malin. Children with LD …


Role Of Mtorc2 In The Regulation Of Glycolytic Metabolism In Glioblastoma Through Pkcδ Phosphorylation, Chatchapon Chuenjit 2022 Faculty of Medicine

Role Of Mtorc2 In The Regulation Of Glycolytic Metabolism In Glioblastoma Through Pkcδ Phosphorylation, Chatchapon Chuenjit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and highly aggressive primary cancer within the central nervous system (CNS). The mTORC2 is a primary regulator of glycolytic reprogramming in highly malignant cells through both Akt-dependent and AKT-independent pathways. However, the mechanism that cancer glycolysis through AKT-independent pathways remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of mTORC2/ PKCδ signaling-regulated glycolysis of GBM cells by AKT-independent mechanisms. We examined the impact of various pharmacological inhibitors on the suppression of mTORC1, mTORC2, AKT, and PKCδ signaling. Our results revealed that the phosphorylation of PKCδ at residue serine 664 was diminished by AZD8055, …


ผลของการบริโภคฟักข้าวต่อระดับไตรเมทิลามีนเอ็นออกไซด์ในเลือดและการเกิดโรคหัวใจในหนูไตวายเรื้อรัง, ภานุมาศ เข้มแข็ง 2022 คณะแพทยศาสตร์

ผลของการบริโภคฟักข้าวต่อระดับไตรเมทิลามีนเอ็นออกไซด์ในเลือดและการเกิดโรคหัวใจในหนูไตวายเรื้อรัง, ภานุมาศ เข้มแข็ง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

บทนํา: ไตรเมทิลามีน (Trimethylamine) เป็นสารที่สร้างจากแบคทีเรียในลําไส้และเป็นสารตั้งต้นในการสร้าง Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) ซึ่งทําให้เกิดโรคหัวใจและหลอดเลือดโดยเฉพาะในวิธีการทดลอง: หนูแรทเพศผู้สายพันธุ์วิสตาร์จํานวนกลุ่มละ 9 ตัว แบ่งออกเป็น 6 กลุ่ม ได้แก่ กลุ่มควบคุม (Control) กลุ่มไตเรื้อรัง (chronic kidney disease) กลุ่มสารทดสอบฟักข้าว (Gac) กลุ่มสารทดสอบไลโคปีนและเบต้าแคโรทีน (STD) กลุ่มสารทดสอบฟักข้าวร่วมกับแบคทีเรีย B. longum และ L. salivarius (Synbiotic) และกลุ่มสารโปรไบโอติกควบคุม L. Casei (Lactobacillus Casei) โดยหนูกลุ่มทดสอบจะถูกเหนี่ยวนําให้เป็นไตวาเรื้อรังโดย Cisplatinและทุกกลุ่มได้รับอาหารเสริม choline เป็นระยะเวลา 15 สัปดาห์ ผลการทดลอง: พบว่าหนูกลุ่ม Synbiotic มีระดับ serum TMAO ลดลงอย่างมีนัยสําคัญทางสถิติ (P<0.05)เมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับกลุ่ม CKD รวมถึงยังพบการลดลงของเชื้อในกลุ่ม Proteobacteria ในลําไส้และลดการแสดงออกของเอนไซม์ Trimethylamine-(TMA) lyase ซึ่งจําเป็นต่อการสร้าง TMA อย่างมีนัยสําคัญทางสถิติ(P<0.05) นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าการเสริม Synbiotics ยังกระตุ้นการแสดงออกของ Zonula occludens type 1 (ZO-1) ซึ่งเป็น tight junction gene ที่บริเวณลําไส้ใหญ่ (Colon) อย่างมีนัยสําคัญ ในขณะที่การให้สารสกัดฟักข้าวเพียงอย่างเดียว หรือการให้โปรไบโอติกควบคุมไม่พบความเปลี่ยนแปลงเมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับกลุ่ม CKD สรุปผล: การเสริม Synbiotic ซึ่งประกอบด้วยสารสกัดฟักข้าว และโปรไบโอติกชนิด B. longum และ L.salivarius ที่มีประสิทธิภาพในการลดการรั่วที่ผนังลําไส้ ช่วยลดเชื้อ Proteobacteria ในลําไส้หนู CKD ลดการแสดงออกของ TMA lyase enzyme เพิ่มการแสดงออกของ tight junction gene ZO-1 และสามารถลดระดับ serum TMAO ได้อย่างมีนัยสําคัญ หรือ การเสริม Synbiotic ซึ่งประกอบด้วยสารสกัดฟักข้าว และโปรไบโอติกชนิด B. longum และ L. salivarius สารถลดระดับ serum TMAO ในหนูโรคไตเรื้อรังได้อย่างมีนัยสําคัญมีความเป็นไปได้ในการพัฒนาเป็นผลิตภัณฑ์ช่วยลดความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดภาวะแทรกซ้อนทางหัวใจและหลอดเลือดในผู้ป่วยโรคไตเรื้อรังต่อไต


ผลกระทบของการปลูกถ่ายจุลินทรีย์ในลำไส้ของผู้ป่วยโรคนิ่วไตต่อการเกิดโรคนิ่วแคลเซียมออกซาเลตในทางเดินปัสสาวะของหนู, สิทธิพงษ์ หุ่นไทย 2022 คณะแพทยศาสตร์

ผลกระทบของการปลูกถ่ายจุลินทรีย์ในลำไส้ของผู้ป่วยโรคนิ่วไตต่อการเกิดโรคนิ่วแคลเซียมออกซาเลตในทางเดินปัสสาวะของหนู, สิทธิพงษ์ หุ่นไทย

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

โรคนิ่วไตพบมากในคนไทยโดยเฉพาะผู้ที่อาศัยในเขตภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือและภาคเหนือ มีปัจจัยเสี่ยงคือ ภาวะซิเตรทในปัสสาวะต่ำ แคลเซียมและออกซาเลตในปัสสาวะสูง โดยพบมากในผู้ที่มีอายุ 40 ปีขึ้นไป จากการศึกษาก่อนหน้าพบความแตกต่างของประชากรจุลินทรีย์ในลำไส้ของผู้ป่วยโรคนิ่วไตจากคนสุขภาพดี จึงเชื่อว่าความแตกต่างของจุลินทรีย์ลำไส้ส่งผลให้เกิดความเสี่ยงของการเกิดโรคนิ่วไต เพื่อศึกษาความผิดปกตินี้ ผู้วิจัยจึงศึกษาความแตกต่างของจุลินทรีย์ในลำไส้เปรียบเทียบระหว่างอาสาสมัครคนปกติและผู้ป่วยโรคนิ่วไต พบว่าจุลินทรีย์ phylum Bacteroidata ในอุจจาระของผู้ป่วยโรคนิ่วไตสูงกว่าคนสุขภาพดี และพบ genus Bifidobacterium ต่ำกว่าคนสุขภาพดี จากนั้นนำจุลินทรีย์จากอุจจาระของอาสาสมัครทั้งสองกลุ่ม ปลูกถ่ายลงในหนู Wistar เป็นเวลา 4 สัปดาห์ พบว่า หนูกลุ่มที่ได้รับจุลินทรีย์จากกลุ่มผู้ป่วยโรคนิ่วไตมีปริมาณออกซาเลตในปัสสาวะมีแนวโน้มสูงขึ้น ปริมาณแมกนีเซียมในปัสสาวะลดลง รวมทั้ง pH ในปัสสาวะเป็นด่างมากขึ้น และพบดัชนีความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดนิ่ว (Tiselius’s supersaturation index) เพิ่มสูงขึ้น นอกจากนี้ ยังพบ จุลินทรีย์ genus Muribaculaceae สูงขึ้นในหนูที่ได้รับการปลูกถ่ายเชื้อจุลินทรีย์จากผู้ป่วยโรคนิ่วไต และ genus Roseburia มีจำนวนลดลง รวมถึงการแสดงออกของ tight junction (Zonula occluden-1 หรือ ZO-1) ที่ลดลง และพบการแสดงออกของ oxalate transporter มีแนวโน้มสูงขึ้น สรุปได้ว่าหนูที่ได้รับเชื้อจุลินทรีย์ในอุจจาระจากผู้ป่วยโรคนิ่วไตมีความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดโรคนิ่วสูงขึ้น โดยมีกลไกจากการแสดงออกของโปรตีน ZO-1 ลดลง และเพิ่ม oxalate transporter ที่ลำไส้ ทำให้ร่างกายได้รับออกซาเลตจากอาหารในลำไส้เพิ่มขึ้น และขับออกทางปัสสาวะเพิ่มขึ้น เป็นหลักฐานยืนยันว่าความผิดปกติของสมดุลเชื้อจุลินทรีย์ในลำไส้เพิ่มความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดโรคนิ่วไต


Exploring Roles Of Mir-885-5p In Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Archittapon Nokkeaw 2022 Faculty of Medicine

Exploring Roles Of Mir-885-5p In Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Archittapon Nokkeaw

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent form of liver cancer, exerts a significant burden on Southeast Asian countries and stands as the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite this alarming impact, effective treatments for HCC are lacking, resulting in low survival rates and high recurrence rates. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the disease's underlying mechanisms is crucial for the development of novel and potent therapies. Recently, it has been recognized that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in tumorigenesis, including HCC. Our bioinformatic analysis has highlighted hsa-miR-885-5p as a potential candidate miRNA due to its downregulation in HCC …


Exploring Roles Of Mir-372-3p In Proliferation Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells, Pannathon Thamjamrassri 2022 Faculty of Medicine

Exploring Roles Of Mir-372-3p In Proliferation Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells, Pannathon Thamjamrassri

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. HCC has a replicative immortality and sustained proliferation rate. In addition, cell cycle-related protein regulating proliferation in cancer are often found dysregulated, allowing cancer cells to proceed their proliferation uncontrollably. Recently, a small non-coding RNA, microRNA (miRNA), was found to play an important role in numerous biological functions. Specific miRNA may ameliorate or promote cancer progression through different target mRNA. MiR-372-3p has been explored in various cancers such as colon cancer, colorectal cancer, and glioma. However, its functions have been rarely studied in HCC, especially in the aspect …


Classification Of Bacteria And Fungi In Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids Of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Based On Metagenomic Analysis, Suthida Visedthorn 2022 Faculty of Medicine

Classification Of Bacteria And Fungi In Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids Of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Based On Metagenomic Analysis, Suthida Visedthorn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition where sustained damage of the renal parenchyma leads to the chronic deterioration of renal function that may gradually progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a type of ESKD treatment that is beneficial to improve a patient's quality of life. However, PD-associated peritonitis is a major complication that contributes cause of death, and the detection of the pathogen provided a high culture-negative rate. This study aims to apply metagenomic approaches for identifying the bacteria and fungi in peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) of CKD patients based on the full-length 16S …


Effects Of Chitosan Oligosaccharide And Probiotics On Chronic Kidney Disease Rats, Weerapat Anegkamol 2022 Faculty of Medicine

Effects Of Chitosan Oligosaccharide And Probiotics On Chronic Kidney Disease Rats, Weerapat Anegkamol

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients suffer from the accumulation of toxic substances in their blood due to the loss of kidney function, which results in hyperphosphatemia. This condition contributes to hyperparathyroidism, leading to the development of chronic kidney disease-related mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Additionally, CKD patients experience changes in their gut microbiota, disrupting epithelial tight junctions and allowing excessive absorption of dietary phosphate. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of various oligosaccharides and probiotics on the gut microbiota, intestinal barrier, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperparathyroidism in CKD rats. We isolated Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains from healthy participants and tested …


Detection Of Egfr Mutations In Lung Cancer Based On Oxford Nanopore Sequencing Technology, Patinya Akkhasutthikun 2022 Faculty of Medicine

Detection Of Egfr Mutations In Lung Cancer Based On Oxford Nanopore Sequencing Technology, Patinya Akkhasutthikun

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is an important and highly prevalent oncogene driver in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in East Asia. The detection of EGFR mutations is a standard biomarker testing that routinely performed in patients with advanced lung cancer for the selection of targeted therapy. Here, we aimed to develop a portable and cost-effective new technique for detecting EGFR 19Del, T790M and L858R mutations based on blocker displacement amplification (BDA) combined with Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). The method optimization was performed using wild-type and mutant EGFR allele generated from lung cancer cell lines. The assay …


Roles Of Mtor Complex 2 In Canonical Wnt Signaling In Glioblastoma., Tankun Banlue 2022 Faculty of Medicine

Roles Of Mtor Complex 2 In Canonical Wnt Signaling In Glioblastoma., Tankun Banlue

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of primary brain tumor in adults, comprising 75% of cases. The failure of GBM treatments is closely related to a subset of cells known as glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), which possess stemness characteristics. While the Wnt signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating stem cell homeostasis, the interplay between this pathway and the mTORC2 signaling pathway in GBM remains unclear. Thus, this research aimed to investigate the collaborative regulation of stemness-related mechanisms by mTORC2 and canonical Wnt signaling pathways in glioblastoma using 3D spheroid culture. The study found that inhibiting mTORC2 resulted …


Characterization Of A New Whim Syndrome Mutant Reveals Mechanistic Differences In Regulation Of The Chemokine Receptor Cxcr4, Jiansong Luo, Francesco De Pascali, G Wendell Richmond, Amer M Khojah, Jeffrey L Benovic 2021 Thomas Jefferson University

Characterization Of A New Whim Syndrome Mutant Reveals Mechanistic Differences In Regulation Of The Chemokine Receptor Cxcr4, Jiansong Luo, Francesco De Pascali, G Wendell Richmond, Amer M Khojah, Jeffrey L Benovic

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

WHIM syndrome is a rare immunodeficiency disorder that is characterized by warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis. While several gain-of-function mutations that lead to C-terminal truncations, frame shifts and point mutations in the chemokine receptor CXCR4 have been identified in WHIM syndrome patients, the functional effect of these mutations are not fully understood. Here, we report on a new WHIM syndrome mutation that results in a frame shift within the codon for Ser339 (S339fs5) and compare the properties of S339fs5 with wild-type CXCR4 and a previously identified WHIM syndrome mutant, R334X. The S339fs5 and R334X mutants exhibited significantly increased signaling compared …


Time-Resolved Cryo-Em Visualizes Ribosomal Translocation With Ef-G And Gtp, Christine E Carbone, Anna B Loveland, Howard Gamper, Ya-Ming Hou, Gabriel Demo, Andrei A Korostelev 2021 UMass Chan Medical School

Time-Resolved Cryo-Em Visualizes Ribosomal Translocation With Ef-G And Gtp, Christine E Carbone, Anna B Loveland, Howard Gamper, Ya-Ming Hou, Gabriel Demo, Andrei A Korostelev

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

During translation, a conserved GTPase elongation factor-EF-G in bacteria or eEF2 in eukaryotes-translocates tRNA and mRNA through the ribosome. EF-G has been proposed to act as a flexible motor that propels tRNA and mRNA movement, as a rigid pawl that biases unidirectional translocation resulting from ribosome rearrangements, or by various combinations of motor- and pawl-like mechanisms. Using time-resolved cryo-EM, we visualized GTP-catalyzed translocation without inhibitors, capturing elusive structures of ribosome•EF-G intermediates at near-atomic resolution. Prior to translocation, EF-G binds near peptidyl-tRNA, while the rotated 30S subunit stabilizes the EF-G GTPase center. Reverse 30S rotation releases Pi and translocates peptidyl-tRNA and …


Targeting Oncogenic Gαq/11 In Uveal Melanoma, Dominic Lapadula, Jeffrey L Benovic 2021 Thomas Jefferson University

Targeting Oncogenic Gαq/11 In Uveal Melanoma, Dominic Lapadula, Jeffrey L Benovic

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular cancer in adults and arises from the transformation of melanocytes in the uveal tract. While treatment of the primary tumor is often effective, 36–50% of patients develop metastatic disease primarily to the liver. While various strategies have been used to treat the metastatic disease, there remain no effective treatments that improve survival. Significant insight has been gained into the pathways that are altered in uveal melanoma, with mutually exclusive activating mutations in the GNAQ and GNA11 genes being found in over 90% of patients. These genes encode the alpha subunits of the hetetrotrimeric …


The Physiological Benefits Of A Plant-Based Diet On Cardiovascular Health, Jenevieve Petray 2021 Dominican University of California

The Physiological Benefits Of A Plant-Based Diet On Cardiovascular Health, Jenevieve Petray

Nursing | Senior Theses

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasingly more prevalent in today’s society and is attributed to an alarming percentage of American hospitalizations and deaths. Americans are unhealthier than ever before, and the main contributor is the Western diet. Diet is a double-edged sword that can offer benefits or detriments to one’s health. CVD encompasses numerous diagnoses originating from various underlying physiological alterations. These alterations are downstream effects of increased body weight and BMI, increased cholesterol levels, decreased insulin sensitivity and increased arterial plaque buildup. Research shows that a plant-based diet has the potential to manage and reverse all fundamental physiological alterations that …


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