Circulatory and Respiratory Physiology Commons^™

Oxidative Stress Accumulates In Adipose Tissue During Aging And Inhibits Adipogenesis, Hannes M. Findeisen, Kevin J. Pearson, Florence Gizard, Yue Zhao, Hua Qing, Karrie L Jones, Dianne Cohn, Elizabeth B. Heywood, Rafael De Cabo, Dennis Bruemmer

Saha Cardiovascular Research Center Faculty Publications

Aging constitutes a major independent risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and is accompanied by insulin resistance and adipose tissue dysfunction. One of the most important factors implicitly linked to aging and age-related chronic diseases is the accumulation of oxidative stress. However, the effect of increased oxidative stress on adipose tissue biology remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that aging in mice results in a loss of fat mass and the accumulation of oxidative stress in adipose tissue. In vitro, increased oxidative stress through glutathione depletion inhibits preadipocyte differentiation. This inhibition of adipogenesis is at …

Age-Associated Alterations In The F344xbn Rat Heart And The Efficacy Of Chronic Acetaminophen Ingestion As A Therapeutic Approach, Sunil K. Kakarla

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Despite advances in therapeutic and diagnostic strategies cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in older people. Recent studies suggest that age- related elevations in oxidative stress are associated with increases in cardiac apoptosis and compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining cardiomyocytes. Acetaminophen has been shown to exhibit cardioprotective effects following ischemia-reperfusion injury by acting as an antioxidant. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying aging associated cardiac remodeling in male F344XBN rats and examine the efficacy of chronic acetaminophen ingestion as a therapeutic approach.

Aging in male F344XBN rats is characterized by a significant increase in heart size, …

Prehypertension And Endothelial Progenitor Cell Function., Oj Maceneaney, C A Desouza, B R Weil, E J Kushner, Gary Van Guilder, M L Mestek, J J Greiner, B L Stauffer

Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Prehypertension is associated with significant damage to the coronary vasculature and increased rates of adverse cardiovascular events. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are critical to vascular repair and the formation of new blood vessels. We tested the hypothesis that prehypertension is associated with EPC dysfunction. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 83 middle-aged and older adults (51 M/32 F): 40 normotensive (age 53±2 yr; BP 111/74±1/1 mmHg) and 43 prehypertensive (54±2; 128/77±1/1 mmHg). EPCs were isolated from peripheral blood and EPC colony-forming capacity (colony-forming unit assay), migratory activity (Boyden chamber) and apoptotic susceptibility (active caspase-3 concentrations) were determined. There were …

The Mechanosensory Role Of Primary Cilia In Vascular Hypertension, Surya M. Nauli, Xingjian Jin, Beerend P. Hierck

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Local regulation of vascular tone plays an important role in cardiovascular control of blood pressure. Aside from chemical or hormonal regulations, this local homeostasis is highly regulated by fluid-shear stress. It was previously unclear how vascular endothelial cells were able to sense fluid-shear stress. The cellular functions of mechanosensory cilia within vascular system have emerged recently. In particular, hypertension is insidious and remains a continuous problem that evolves during the course of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). The basic and clinical perspectives on primary cilia are discussed with regard to the pathogenesis of hypertension in PKD.

Cardiac Output Is Not Related To The Slowed O2 Uptake Kinetics In Type 2 Diabetes, Oscar Mac Ananey, J Malone, S Warmington, D O'Shea, S Green, M Egana

Articles

Abstract

PURPOSE:

This study aimed to investigate whether cardiac output (CO) responses were related to VO2 kinetics during cycling in type 2 diabetes.

METHODS:

A total of 9 middle-aged women with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes, 9 nondiabetic overweight women, and 11 nondiabetic lean women were recruited. Initially, the ventilatory threshold (VT) and peak VO2 were determined during a maximal graded test. Then, on two separate days, subjects completed three 7-min bouts of constant-load cycling at each of three intensities: 50% VT, 80% VT, and midpoint between VT and peak VO2 (50% Δ). CO (inert gas rebreathing) was recorded at 30 …

Effect Of Type 2 Diabetes On The Dynamic Response Characteristics Of Leg Vascular Conductance During Exercise, Oscar Mac Ananey, H Reilly, D O'Shea, M Egana, S Green

Articles

Abstract

In this study we tested the hypothesis that type 2 diabetes impairs the dynamic response of leg vascular conductance (LVC) during exercise. LVC (leg blood flow/mean arterial pressure) responses were studied during intermittent contractions of the calf muscle in subjects with type 2 diabetes (n = 9), heavy controls (n = 10) and lean controls (n = 8) using a biexponential function and an estimate of the mean response time (MRT). The time constant of the second phase of LVC was significantly greater in type 2 diabetes (66.4 ± 29.2 s) than the heavy (22.2 ± 13.4 s) and …

A Comparative Study Of Embedded And Anesthetized Zebrafish In Vivo On Myocardiac Calcium Oscillation And Heart Muscle Contraction, Brian S. Muntean, Christine M. Horvat, James H. Behler, Wissam A. Aboualaiwi, Andromeda M. Nauli, Frederick E. Williams, Surya M. Nauli

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been used as a model for studying vertebrate development in the cardiovascular system. In order to monitor heart contraction and cytosolic calcium oscillations, fish were either embedded in methylcellulose or anesthetized with tricaine. Using high-resolution differential interference contrast and calcium imaging microscopy, we here show that dopamine and verapamil alter calcium signaling and muscle contraction in anesthetized zebrafish, but not in embedded zebrafish. In anesthetized fish, dopamine increases the amplitude of cytosolic calcium oscillation with a subsequent increase in heart contraction, whereas verapamil decreases the frequency of calcium oscillation and heart rate. Interestingly, verapamil also …

Cord Blood Versus Age 5 Mononuclear Cell Proliferation On Ige And Asthma, Carolyn Chang, Kevin Gauvey-Kern, Alina Johnson, Elizabeth A. Kelvin, Ginger L. Chew, Frederica Perera, Rachel L. Miller

Publications and Research

Background: Fetal immune responses following exposure of mothers to allergens during pregnancy may influence the subsequent risk of childhood asthma. However, the association of allergen-induced cord blood mononuclear cell (CBMC) proliferation and cytokine production with later allergic immune responses and asthma has been controversial. Our objective was to compare indoor allergen-induced CBMC with age 5 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation and determine which may be associated with age 5 allergic immune responses and asthma in an inner city cohort.

Methods: As part of an ongoing cohort study of the Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health (CCCEH), CBMCs and age …

Antispasmodic, Bronchodilator And Blood Pressure Lowering Properties Of Hypericum Oblongifolium - Possible Mechanism Of Action, Arif-Ullah Khan, Munasib Khan, Fazal Subhan, Anwar Gilani

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

The crude extract of Hypericum oblongifolium (Ho.Cr), which tested positive for flavonoids, saponins and tannins caused concentration-dependent (0.1-1.0 mg/mL) relaxation of spontaneous and high K(+) (80 mM)-induced contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum preparations, suggesting a Ca(++) antagonistic effect, which was confirmed when pretreatment of the tissue with Ho.Cr produced a rightward shift in the Ca(++) concentration-response curves, like that caused by verapamil. Ho.Cr relaxed carbachol (1 mu M) and high K(+)-induced contractions in guinea pig tracheal preparations. It caused a dose-dependent (3-100 mg/kg) fall in arterial blood pressure of rats under anesthesia. In isolated guinea pig atria, Ho.Cr caused inhibition …

Osteopontin And Cadherin 11 Are Novel Mediators And Drug Targets For Chronic Lung Diseases, Daniel J. Schneider

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Chronic lung diseases (CLDs) are a considerable source of morbidity and mortality and are thought to arise from dysregulation of normal wound healing processes. An aggressive, feature of many CLDs is pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and is characterized by excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins from myofibroblasts in airways. However, factors regulating myofibroblast biology are incompletely understood. Proteins in the cadherin family contribute epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a suggested source of myofibroblasts. Cadherin 11 (CDH11) contributes to developmental and pathologic processes that parallel those seen in PF and EMT. Utilizing Cdh11 knockout (Cdh11 -/-) mice, the goal of this …

Pulmonary Carcinosarcoma Initially Presenting As Invasive Aspergillosis: A Case Report Of Previously Unreported Combination, Ariyo O. Olobatoke, Doina David, Wasif Hafeez, Thien Van, Husain A. Saleh

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Carcinosarcoma of the lung is a malignant tumor composed of a mixture of carcinoma and sarcoma elements. The carcinomatous component is most commonly squamous followed by adenocarcinoma. The sarcomatous component commonly comprises the bulk of the tumor and shows poorly differentiated spindle cell features. Foci of differentiated sarcomatous elements such as chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma may be seen. Aspergillus pneumonia is the most common form of invasive aspergillosis and occurs mainly in patients with malignancy, immunocompromizing or debilitating diseases. Patients with Aspergillus pneumonia present with fever, cough, chest pain and occasionally hemoptysis. Tissue examination is the most reliable method for …

Pulmonary Embolism Presenting With Sudden Respiratory Failure In Two Previously Stable Neonates, Joseph Werthammer, Audra Pritt, Laura Reechi, Linda Brown, Mahmood Heydarian

Pediatrics

Pulmonary artery embolism (PE) is a rare and life-threatening complication in the neonate. We describe two previously stable infants who incurred respiratory failure from PE. The first case is a late preterm infant with gastroschisis with autopsy confirmation of PE presumably as a result of a central venous line (CVL) with thromboembolism. The second case is an extreme low birth weight infant with sudden onset of respiratory failure, abnormal chest x-ray, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and echocardiographic confirmation of a thrombus at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium (SVC/RA) at the site of a previous CVL. …

Left Atrial Enlargement Is Associated With Postoperative Respiratory Failure And Mortality, Bertrand N. Mukete Md, Christina Dunbar Do, Mph, Matthew M. Miller Do, Sherrine Eid Mph, Bruce Feldman Do

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.