Science and Technology Policy Commons^™

Accelerating Biosafety Capacity Building To Ensure National Biosecurity, Peipei Liu, Jiafu Jiang, Hao Lu, Peilei Cong, Lilin Zhao, Gexia Qiao, Dongsheng Zhou, Guizhen Wu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Biosafety is an essential part of the national security system, which is related to people's lives and health, the country's longterm stability, and sustainable development, which is the bottom line that must be guaranteed. The international biosafety situation is grim and complex, while domestic biosafety faces challenges. Therefore, biosafety capacity building has become an international hot spot, among which scientific and technological innovation, talent training, and infrastructure platform construction are the top priorities. Although China has achieved strategic results in the rapid identification of pathogens, research, and development of specific vaccines and medicine in fighting against COVID-19 by relying on …

Evolution And Enlightenment Of Us-Japan “Advanced Storage Research Consortium”, Sumei Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the process of comprehensively promoting Chinese-style modernization, we must adhere to scientific and technological selfreliance and self-improvement as the strategic support for national development, and scientific and technological innovation is the main driving force for high-quality economic development. As one of the carriers, the innovation consortium formed by enterprises as main entities aims to realize the deep integration of innovation chain and industrial chain, accelerating the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productivity, and solving the problem of disconnection between scientific research activities and industrial demand. On the basis of reviewing and summarizing the evolution of the …

Enlightenment From Studies On Carbon Neutral Strategies Of Uk, Lanchun Li, Wei Chen, Fang Yue, Yun Tang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The UK is a proponent and pioneer of carbon neutral strategic actions. In-depth analysis and comparison of the characteristics of the carbon neutral policy system between China and the UK will be of reference value for China to promote the deployment of carbon neutral actions. Based on content analysis and grounded theory method, the "3MS" analysis framework of macro-strategy, medium skeleton and microstructure are designed and put forward, and the overall text and logical characteristics of its policy are summarized. Research shows that at the overall level, the UK has basically formed the policy system of "1+1+N+X" for carbon neutrality …

Analysis Of Germany’S Experience On Development Of Biosphere Reserves And Suggestions To China, Yijie Xian, Ning Liu, Na Qiao, Qiang Fang, Qunli Han, Ding Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Germany has integrated biosphere reserves into the national strategy of sustainable development, and has built an outstanding biosphere reserve system nationwide, which has played a key role in maintaining the stability of ecosystem, exploring sustainable use of natural resources, innovating social development models, prospering local economies and providing an important platform to carry out comprehensive research on human and nature relationship. The experience of Germany includes:long and solid accumulation in the development of protected areas; deep understanding from authorities and the folk of the concept of Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) and the value of biosphere reserves, and more …

Enhancement Of Coastal Blue Carbon: Concepts, Techniques, And Future Suggestions, Guangxuan Han, Weimin Song, Yuan Li, Leilei Xiao, Mingliang Zhao, Xiaojing Chu, Baohua Xie

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The blue carbon function and carbon sequestration potential of coastal ecosystems, such as salt marshes, mangroves and seagrass beds, have emerged as one of the long-term solutions to mitigate global climate change. However, the blue carbon sequestration technology has been neglected in most ecological protection and restoration projects of coastal ecosystems. Besides, in the process of project implementation and management, the dynamic monitoring and systematic evaluation of carbon sink are imperfect. This study proposes the concept of enhancement of coastal blue carbon, focusing on four key technologies of soil carbon emission reduction technology, plant carbon sequestration technology, soil microbial carbon …

Policy Overview (February, 2023)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Chatgpt As Metamorphosis Designer For The Future Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai): A Conceptual Investigation, Amarjit Kumar Singh (Library Assistant), Dr. Pankaj Mathur (Deputy Librarian)

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is to explore ChatGPT’s potential as an innovative designer tool for the future development of artificial intelligence. Specifically, this conceptual investigation aims to analyze ChatGPT’s capabilities as a tool for designing and developing near about human intelligent systems for futuristic used and developed in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Also with the helps of this paper, researchers are analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of ChatGPT as a tool, and identify possible areas for improvement in its development and implementation. This investigation focused on the various features and functions of ChatGPT that …

Strengthen Building Of Basic Reach Capacity For Semiconductor Research To Light Up “Beacon” Towards Realizing The Self-Reliance And Self-Improvement Of Semiconductors, Junwei Luo, Shushen Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Upgrading Allocation And Management Of S&T Funding, Improving Efficiency Of S&T Investment, Wenjun Liu, Geng Li, Fengyu Huang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The main focus of China's science and technology (S&T) investment has shifted from the lack of total investment to solve the contradiction between the need for high-quality development and the inefficiency of investment. In order to enhance the efficiency of S&T investment, the structural, institutional, and managerial problems should be solved. Based on the requirement of "enhancing the efficiency of S&T investment" raised at the 20th National Congress of the CPC, the study analyzes the main contradictions in China's S&T investment and factors that restrict the efficiency of S&T investment, and puts forward policy suggestions.

Construct 3e Theory For S&T Budget Performance Evaluation, Improve Effectiveness Of S&T Budget, Ruhan A, Xiaoxuan Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The current practices of S&T budget performance evaluation in China put more weight on efficacy than efficiency and effectiveness. This study puts forward an innovative 3E theory in the field of S&T budgeting performance evaluation based on Peter Checkland's 3E evaluation model and the existing practices of S&T budget performance evaluation in China. To unswervingly uphold and approach the new request for improving the S&T input effectiveness emphasized at the 20th National Congress of the CPC, it is a must to carry out a comprehensive S&T budget performance evaluation in the new era on the basis of the 3E theory …

Practice And Thinking Of Agency Level Budget Performance Evaluation Pilot In Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Hao Tang, Ruhan A, Jun He, Kaiyue Feng, Jun Gao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In accordance with the request of Ministry of Finance, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) conducts a pilot study of comprehensive budget performance evaluation among six affiliated institutes of CAS. The research gives a systematic reviewing analysis from the perspectives of the background of the pilot study, construction of the evaluation logic model, design of the evaluation indicator system, organization and implementation of the whole pilot study, and the resulted effects thereof based on the specific practices. In the meantime, upon exploring of issues, including but not limited to, coordination of all kinds of evaluation work, the uniqueness of science and …

Practice And Implications Of Funding And Management Of Alzheimer’S Disease Research Programs In The United States Federal Government, Zhiling Han, Baicun Li, Xiaoxi Xiao, Xiaoxuan Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

How to fund and manage major scientific projects of scientific frontier or national needs, including topic selection, funding programs, performance evaluation, etc., is an urgent problem facing in China. In this study, the federal government of the United States funding and organizing research on the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease was studied to reveal the key mechanisms behind its significant progress. It is found that the United States has formed a set of relatively mature and effective financial support mechanism in science and technology projects, including organization and mobilization, object management, performance evaluation, budget evaluation. This set of mechanism …

Evolution Trajectory Of Performance Evaluation Of The Us Federal Government S&T Budget, Cong Wu, Qing Han, Ruhan A

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Government performance evaluation in the US dates back to the early twentieth century, in which the performance evaluation of the US federal government S&T budget also follows its pattern and experiences historical evolution. Looking into the historical trajectory of performance evaluation of the US federal government S&T budget, this study divides its transformation into 3 phases, namely exploration stage, formation stage, and development stage. The study first analyzes the major traits and evaluation methods of each individual stage, and further gives out a general conclusion of the whole development trajectory based on a comprehensive analysis. Finally, based on the current …

Analysis And Thinking On Developing Evolution Of National Innovation System, Defang He, Fuqiang Tang, Tao Chen, Xianfeng Luo, Fangjuan Yang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As an important support for national security and socio-economic development, the national innovation system has been evolving continuously in the process of long-term historical evolution and selective construction. Based on the law of science and technology development, this study combines history study and logical analysis, and reveals the universal law and general trend of the national innovation system. Under the new development situation, this study also puts forward a common framework of national innovation system. The construction practice of China's national innovation system is summarized and suggestions are put forward to improve the overall efficiency of national innovation system.

Exploring International Rare Earth Industry Landscape Changes And China’S Strategic Responses, Yiding Wu, Zilong Peng, Dan Lai, Shen Zhao, Lu Wang, Weiqiang Chen, Peng Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Rare earth elements are widely identified as critical raw materials to underpin high-end technological innovation and the development of emerging industries, which makes them as important strategic minerals deserved by key international great powers. Since 2011, the United States and other developed nations are quickly fostering the development of their supply chains and industrial ecosystems of rare earth out of China's engagement. Consequently, the new diversified supply pattern of rare earth has been formalizing at global level. Under this full supply chain view, this study performs a deep-dive analysis of international rare earth industry landscape changes in the key stage …

Nsfc Encourages Female Scientists To Grow: Policy, Effectiveness And Prospects, Xuan Yu, Ruiping Gao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Women are a key force in the scientific and technological research workforce. Since 2010, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has launched a series of measures to support female researchers, which have been widely praised by the scientific and technological community. For ten years since the policy was implemented, the NSFC has gradually become the cradle for the growth of female researchers. It has increased the participation of women in scientific research, increased the opportunities for breastfeeding women to apply for and receive funding, and boosted the growth and development of high-level female researchers. Significant achievements have been …

Marine Ecological Protection And Restoration: International Agendas And China Action, Ke Duan, Zhengyan Liu, Shengkang Liang, Yanbin Li, Dongliang Lu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

International conventions and initiatives can promote collective action against global crises, and strengthen the efforts of countries to take concerted actions. This study summarizes the important international agendas related to marine ecological conservation and restoration, and analyzes China's policy mechanism in recent years. It believes that the policies in China and international documents are synergistic and effective in jointly strengthening efforts to respond to the global crisis. This study also puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for China to build a detailed regional marine ecological map, strengthen ecological corridor restoration, improve scientific and technological support systems, and promote international cooperation …

Practice Of Building Biomedical Innovation Highland In The United States And Its Enlightenment To China, Xiaoling Ma

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The modern pharmaceutical industry began with the large-scale production of chemical drugs. With the radical innovation of basic sciences, such as life science, biomedicine has become the focus of the pharmaceutical industry, with broad prospects. Since World War II, the U.S. government, enterprises and scientific community have cultivated the biomedical industry and scientific foundation, created an environment for innovation, established an effective life science innovation system, and gradually become the innovation highland of biomedicine in the world. Building a biomedical innovation highland is an important part of China to become the world science center. China can learn from U.S. experience …

Characteristics Analysis And Inspiration Of The Us Brain Initiative, Mian Zu, Ying Wang, Wei Liu, Zexi Xin, Lei Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Major countries have launched brain initiatives for competition, aiming to gain strategic priority in the area of brain ultimate frontier for human being in the course of recognizing nature. The US BRAIN Initiative is a scientific project comparable to the Human Genome Project in scale and potential impact. Accelerating the development and application of new technologies and tools is the driving force for the US BRAIN Initiative, which takes the lead in race owing to its realistic and innovative development mode. This study briefly reviews the implementation progress, the strategic reports and research achievements of the US BRAIN Initiative, and …

Causes, Countermeasures And Enlightenment Of “Eu Semiconductor Crisis”: Interpretation Around The European Chips Act, Junfeng Li, Ying Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The European Union (EU) is one of the origins of the global semiconductor industry, but due to its structural defects in the semiconductor value chain, it has encountered a crisis of chip shortages and supply cuts since 2021. The European Chips Act drafted by EU proposes a path for semiconductor ecological construction, crisis intervention regulatory measures, and outlines a blueprint for a "national system for the chip industry with EU characteristics". These factors are of speculative significance and reference value for China to balance the relationship between the government and the market, subsidies and competition, key construction and inclusive support …

Analysis On Bottleneck And Prospect Of Integrated Circuit Talent Training Oriented To Sci-Tech Self-Reliance And Self-Strengthening At Higher Levels, Kaixuan Guan, Jiang Yu, Jianzhong Zhou, Feng Chen, Yan Han

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The most essential feature of building a new development paradigm is to achieve sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening at higher levels. The integrated circuit industry, as an important pillar to achieve this essential feature, is facing a severe external situation. China's chip shortage pain begins with a shortage of talents. The structural problem of uneven development at the overall level of the industry makes it more difficult to effectively gather and distribute talents. To achieve sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening at higher levels, we need to be both demand-oriented and problem-oriented, which means not only to pay attention to the core technology …

Study On Building New-Type Think Tanks With Chinese Characteristics—Perspectives Of Systems Engineering, Science Communication, Etc., Liang Xi, Yan Ying, Baoyu Jia

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Science and technology think tank is an important part of new type of think tanks with Chinese characteristics, with core values that lie in giving their professional advantages in scientific research for scientific decision-making by the Communist Party of China and Chinese government. This study summarizes the main theories and Marxism's views on think tanks, analyzes the new situation of the construction of new think tanks with Chinese characteristics in the new era, summarizes the three characteristics of "special", "new", and "intelligent" new think tanks with Chinese characteristics, and discusses the theoretical basis, organizational structure and operation mechanism of the …

Policy Overview (January, 2023)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Considerations On Deepening Reform Of Science And Technology Management System In New Era, Zhu Huo, Hualun Liu, Delu Tian

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

CPC Central Committee attaches great importance to the reform of science and technology management system (RSTMS). Main tasks of RSTMS that assigned during the "13th Five-Year Plan" (2016-2020) period have been basically completed. The main frame of the science and technology (S&T) management system has been established, and breakthroughs in key fields and points have been achieved. Entering a new stage of development, higher requirements for reform and development in the field of S&T are proposed as the economy and society are developing rapidly, and livelihood is improving with great speed. However, the implementation of RSTMS initiatives is not balanced …

Development Opportunities And Technical Challenges Of Industrialization For Hydrogen Production From Bio-Ethanol Reforming, Xue Han, Hong He, Guojun Yue, Hailong Lin, Jinsong Liu, Bin Yu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Bio-ethanol reforming for hydrogen production, using renewable raw materials and adopting mature and efficient chemical processes, is an important source of green hydrogen supply to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Bio-ethanol is a widely used substitute for fossil fuels. With the continuous progress of cellulosic ethanol technology in recent years, bio-ethanol will gradually break through the constraints of starch-based raw material supply. Based on the industrialization achievements of hydrogen production and bio-ethanol, bio-ethanol reforming can realize a rapid linkage with the existing hydrogen energy industry. However, the existence of a carbon-carbon signal bond in ethanol poses …

2022 Research Fronts: Development Trends And Key Research Questions In 11 Broad Research Areas, Jiaofeng Pan, Haixia Wang, Fuhai Leng, Feng Zhang, Fan Yang, Jianxia Yuan, Ying Xing, Weiwei Fan, Qiuju Zhou, Wenyue Bian, Chaoxing Zhang, Longguang Huang, Haiming Wang, Lin Han, Ruimin Pei

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In 2022, Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASISD), the National Science Library, CAS, and Clarivate Analytics released their joint report Research Fronts 2022. The report utilized the Essential Science Indicators (ESI) database to do co-citation analysis. The 2022 report started from 12 610 research fronts in ESI and identified a total of 165 research fronts, including hot and emerging specialties spanning 11 broad research areas in sciences and social sciences. With the 165 research fronts and the related core papers and citing papers as the basis for analysis, this study summarized 8 development trends in science …

Policy Overview (December, 2022)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

2022 Technology Focus: Analysis And Interpretation Of 20 High-Impact Patented Technology Focus, Jiaofeng Pan, Weiwei Fan, Fuhai Leng, Guopeng Li, Feng Zhang, Lin Han, Haiming Wang, Chaoxing Zhang, Fan Yang, Xiaomei Wang, Haixia Wang, Jianxia Yuan, Ying Xing, Ting Chen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

2022 Technology Focus report developed by the Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASISD), is based on the role of "Technology Focus" in the fields of information, energy, life and material manufacturing in the new technological revolution. We select and determine "20 High-impact Patented Technology Focus" from the 32 "Technology Focus" areas that are highlighted in the report. It briefly describes the basic meaning, technological innovation challenges, and the research path. Based on the distribution of comprehensive influence scores of patent data in "Technology Focus", it reveals the technical innovation points and the characteristics of the national …

Ro Khanna, Dignity In A Digital Age: Making Tech Work For All Of Us (2022), James W. Gentry

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

No abstract provided.

Swipe Right Into A Disciplinary Hearing: How The Use Of Dating Apps Could Earn An Attorney More Than A Bad First Date, Zachary S. Aman

Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology

The Model Rules of Professional Conduct seek to police the conduct of attorneys. Each jurisdiction adopts its own rules of professional conduct to apply to the attorneys licensed within it. Notably, the model rules prohibit any sexual relationship between the attorney and client unless that relationship precedes the attorney-client relationship. Traditionally, defining a "sexual relationship" was simple, particularly if the attorney and client engaged in sexual intercourse. The introduction of dating apps, however, has blurred the line.

This article outlines the inherent risks of attorneys using dating apps at a time when most newly-licensed attorneys make up the majority of …