Psychology Commons^™

Developing An Assessment Tool For Ideation Effectiveness: A Survey-Based Approach For The Shah’S Method Of Design Space Exploration, Venkat Jaya Deep Jakka

All Theses

The research is focused on creativity in engineering design. The goal is to understand if creativity in engineering design can be assessed using a less resource-intensive approach, specifically a survey, compared to design exercises. The survey builds on the metrics established by Shah and colleagues. The four metrics are Novelty, Quality, Variety and Quantity. The metrics are measured with the help of a design activity that is deployed to the participants. These metrics have been used in comparative analysis to assess treatments such as new design methods and personality types. However, the downside of the metrics is that they require …

Evaluating The Impact Of An Experimental Intervention On Reducing Social Anxiety Through Impression Efficacy Changes, Alexandria Dismuke

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Social anxiety is a prevalent and harmful experience, predicting negative outcomes even for those not reaching clinical levels. While evidence-based treatments are well-documented for Social Anxiety Disorder, simple and accessible interventions for subclinical samples are a valuable endeavor for research. The current study aimed to test an experimental task for reducing social anxiety through increasing participants’ impression self-efficacy. A secondary goal was to explore the impacts of and responses to positive and neutral feedback. The primary hypothesis was that condition would predict changes in social anxiety indirectly through changes in impression self-efficacy. Participants (n=127) completed a structured interaction with a …

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Factors Related To Outcomes In Depression Among Youth With Hiv, Betsy D Kennard, Larry K Brown, Kristin Baltrusaitis, Miriam Chernoff, Graham J Emslie, Jessica Jones, Sarah Buisson, Jaime Deville, Megan Wilkins, Amber Bunch, Chivon Mcmullen Jackson, Christy Beneri, David E Shapiro

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: This is a secondary analysis of a multi-site, cluster (site) randomized trial of the efficacy of a combined Health and Wellness Cognitive Behavior Therapy (H&W CBT) and medication management approach for depression in youth with HIV (YWH) compared to standard care. In this study, we explored the association between H&W CBT factors and depression outcomes after 24 weeks of treatment to discover treatment elements associated with symptom reduction.

METHODS: Participants (12-24 years of age) were YWH in the United States (US) diagnosed with moderate to severe depression [Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS), Clinician-Rated score ≥ 11]. Thirteen US …

Professional Development Experiences Aligned To The Ideal Self: A Positive Psychology Perspective On Individual Development, Udayan Dhar

Faculty Journal Articles

The purpose of this study is to use a positive psychology lens to broaden and refine our understanding of professional development experiences, and to construct a practical, but evidence-based framework for a developmental human resource management (HRM) system. Study 1 uses focus group interviews with 18 full-time professionals enrolled in a management education program to explore experiences that are likely to strengthen and clarify one's aspirational future professional identity, or the ideal self. In study 2, two separate professional samples (N = 204, 271) are used for measurement development and hypotheses testing. Overall, the two studies show that 15 …

The Phenomenon Of Creative Seeing As Discovered By Descriptive Experience Sampling: A Case Study, Amber Goto

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Descriptive Experience Sampling (DES) studies have found that people without known mental health conditions occasionally describe visual experiences that are distortions of reality. DES calls such visual-perceptual-distortion experiences creative seeing. Typically, participants don't realize that their perceptions are distorted until they note their descriptions, at which time they notice (with surprise) the discrepancy.We describe "Rhea," a female adult (between 25 and 30 years old) DES volunteer participant. Her DES sampling happened to produce a high frequency of creative seeing; the degree of detail provided by DES allows us to describe the creative-seeing phenomenon with otherwise unobtainable detail. The creative seeing …

Psychopathy And Moral Decision Making, Dimitra Kourtesi

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Since the 1800s, psychopathy has been regarded as the absence of morality. The goal of our study was to explore whether psychopathic traits can affect the moral decision-making process in sacrificial moral dilemmas. Participants completed multiple self-report measures of psychopathic traits, utilitarian tendencies, and 16 sacrificial moral dilemma vignettes. After each hypothetical vignette, participants decided whether they believed it was morally right, permissible, and whether they behaviorally intended to sacrifice one person to save five people. Positive correlations emerged among all variables, which allowed us to perform a mediation analysis. Instrumental Harm – the idea of sacrificing one individual to …

Psychological Science And Immigration Today: Apa Task Force Report On Immigration And Health, American Psychological Association, Alfonso Mercado, Amanda Venta, Dina Birman, German Cadenas, Gail Ferguson, Luz M. Garcini, Giselle A. Hass, Maryam Kia-Keating, William Martinez

Psychological Science Faculty Publications

The report emphasizes the importance of culturally competent mental health services and explores the impact of anti-immigration policies on mental wellbeing. In today’s climate in which immigration is often met with hostility, it is crucial that we, as researchers and mental health professionals, understand the unique challenges faced by immigrants and use this understanding to foster positive change. Together, we can better support the wellbeing and resilience of our immigrant communities by using psychological research to inform and advance practice and policy.

White Counseling Psychology Doctoral Trainees’ Experiences Broaching Whiteness With White Clients: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study, Zari Koelbel Carpenter

Dissertations

This research builds upon scholarship of critical theorists and critical whiteness studies. The “invisibility” of whiteness has been increasingly acknowledged and attended to in counseling psychology. Further, prominent scholars have continuously urged the field of counseling psychology to acknowledge race as a psychological characteristic of white people (Helms, 2017; Helms & Carter, 1990a). Attention to whiteness is needed, as the majority of the counseling workforce, including doctoral students (55%), identifies as white (American Psychological Association, 2020). As racial identity development can advance the personal and professional development of white counseling psychologists and benefit clients, increased attention is merited for the …

Narratives Of Grief And Loss From The Children Who Lost A Parent On 9/11, Ryan Sliwak

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Limited research exists on the grief experiences of children who lost a parent on 9/11, particularly how these children evolve in their grief process, including their comprehension of the loss and their evolving attachment to the deceased parent (Kaplow et al., 2018; Alvis et al., 2022). Existing frameworks often assume post-traumatic reactions without fully considering the nuances of grief experiences for these children (Chemtob, 2007; Hoven, 2005).

Two research questions guided this study: (a) How does the pre-loss relationship with the parent influence the ongoing internal relationship with the deceased parent? (b) How does maintaining an internal relationship with the …

Social Support In The Time Of Social Media: Predicting Gen Zers’ Preferences For In-Person And Virtual Support, Carla Mastroianni

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Increased usage of social networking sites (SNS) among young people, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, is well documented. Both positive and negative associations with SNS usage have been found. However, findings lack causal links and describe frequency of usage, applications used, and generalized descriptions of usage type (e.g., to connect with others versus consume content). There is considerable movement toward understanding SNS usage type and trends by subgroup—a precursor to better understanding which groups are using SNS for what purposes, particularly those more likely to experience negative outcomes associated with SNS. This study utilized a cross-sectional design to …

Stockholm Syndrome And Divorce-Related Decision Making Of The Abused Spouse, Simela Sidiropoulou

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Knowledge of the challenges faced by domestic violence victims with Stockholm Syndrome (SS) symptoms during divorce was limited at the time of the current study. Previous findings supported frequent occurrence of doubts during divorce proceedings due to SS, with negative effects on victims’ well-being after separation. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate victims’ decision making processes affected by SS features. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with six mental health providers treating victims with SS symptoms during divorce proceedings. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was applied to identify vital experiences through the perspective of therapists. Analysis determined four themes. …

Emotional Content In Working Memory Processes: An Fmri Study., Manal Zafar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Working memory (WM) is a dynamic system that processes and manipulates both goal-relevant and goal-irrelevant information, integral to higher-level cognition and executive control (Fujii, 2001; Nyberg & Erikkson, 2016). The processing and manipulation of representations is modulated by the affective nature of the information (Pessoa, 2009) such that negative information can either impair or enhance WM processing. WM impairments are seen commonly across clinical disorders such as depression, anxiety, PTSD and schizophrenia (Levens & Gotlib, 2010; Joorman et a., 2011; Brodziak et al., 2015). Specifically, negative information is known to have differential processing in WM compared to neutral and positive …

Relations Between Discrimination, Negative Attribution Style, Cortisol, And Depressive Symptoms In Adolescents., Hannah Widmer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The aim of our study was to integrate the chronic stressor of Perceived Everyday Discrimination (PED) into the Hopelessness Theory of Depression with a focus on the comorbidity between physical and mental health by way of depressive symptoms and cortisol in adolescents. Research has shown that cognitive diatheses mediate the relation between stress and depressive symptoms and cortisol predicts depression. We hypothesized that Negative Attribution Style (NAS) and cortisol would mediate the relation between PED and depressive symptoms. Altogether, 99 adolescents (mean age: 14.10 years, 36.4% female; 63.6% male; ethnicity: 2% Latinx; 98.2 % non-Latinx; race: 41.4% Black, 34.8% White, …

Examining The Role Of Presence Of Meaning In Life On Wellbeing In Emerging Adulthood., Hannah K. Heitz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Emerging adults face numerous challenges and stressors, such as financial stress, which often accompanies the experience of educational and occupational transitions. As such, it is important to identify personal resources, or protective factors, to help emerging adults buffer the experience of financial stress. Presence of meaning in life has been identified as a resource that can buffer the negative effects of stressors on wellbeing among adults and adolescents, yet there is little empirical evidence for its moderating effect among emerging adults. There is some evidence in the literature that suggests that emerging adults experience presence of meaning in life differently …

Racial Identity & Psychological Distress: The Mediating Role Of Sense Of Community And Spiritual Struggles Among Black Christians., Adebayo Ajibade

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Religious practice and church membership have historically been protective and critical in Black communities in the United States and across the African diaspora. Demographic studies have shown a consistent decline in religious adherence and practice across racial and ethnic groups in the United States. However, the decline in religious practice and participation in religious communities has been less pronounced among individuals of African descent. Participation in one’s religious community is often a source of positive social engagement and can foster positive intrapersonal outcomes (e.g., wellbeing). However, religious communities and religious practice can also be the source of conflict and emotional …

Examination Of Model Minority Myth, Mentorship, University Environment, And Sense Of Belonging On The Well-Being Of Asian American Undergraduate And Graduate Students., Stephanie Chin, Stephanie Chin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Even though Asian Americans continue to demonstrate academic excellence and have the highest rates of completion in higher education, their psychological well-being and the factors impacting it are often overlooked due to the model minority myth (Poon et al., 2016; Mahalingham, 2013). Higher education research mainly focuses on academic outcomes (e.g., persistence and retention) and less so on psychological outcomes. This study explored and examined psychosociocultural factors, specifically internalization of the model minority myth stereotype, mentorship, university environment, and sense of belonging on psychological (eudaimonic) well-being, in order to provide a more holistic and contextualized perspective of Asian American students’ …

Examining Associations Between Parental Meta-Emotion, Child Adhd Symptoms, And Socioemotional Impairments., Meaghan Flynn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Children with elevated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are at increased risk for social and emotional problems compared to typically developing peers. Emerging research has suggested targeting parental emotion socialization practices to enhance socioemotional development among this population. Interventions have explored how targeting specific emotion socialization behaviors may promote emotional and social functioning for youth with ADHD; however, little research has evaluated how underlying parental attitudes may influence these behaviors and outcomes. Parental meta-emotion philosophy (PMEP) refers to an organized set of thoughts and beliefs on how parents view the purpose of emotions, expression of emotions, and how these beliefs are …

Risk Perception, Diabetes Risk Knowledge, And Fatalism In Adults At Risk For Type 2 Diabetes: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective., Cassandra M. Gonzalez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Rising rates of diabetes in the U.S. indicate an urgent need to explore and understand factors that elucidate individual diabetes risk. Research of fatalism, the belief that events are predetermined, suggests that fatalistic beliefs influence, shape, and potentially determine health behavior and decision-making. The Theory of Self-Determination posits the importance of motivation and competence in health behavior outcomes. The present study aimed to expand fatalism research by examining associations among fatalism and diabetes-related beliefs and knowledge, including perceived risk and risk knowledge, within the Self-Determination theoretical framework. Methods: Participants were 130 adults aged 26 to 64 without diabetes at …

The Game Is The Game: Othermothering And Hbcu Student Affairs Job Burnout: A Quantitative Study, Adolphus A. Mcdonald Iii

All Dissertations

This study investigated the use of othermothering as a relationship building approach in student affairs at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and its association with job burnout outcomes in HBCU student affairs professionals. Job burnout outcomes affect job turnover intention decisions (Michaels & Spector, 1982); therefore, this quantitative study investigated whether othermothering and additional demographic factors were a root cause to job burnout and job turnover intention among HBCU SAPs. The review of literature provides knowledge on the foundation of othermothering which began as a term to describe Black slave women caring for children displaced and separated due to …

Differences In Bilinguals And Multilinguals Diagnosed With Alzheimer's Disease, Nathalie Rios Carreon

University Honors Theses

Alzheimer’s Disease does not have a cure but there are different things that can be done to manage the disease. Keeping your brain healthy is important to keep cognitive reserve (CR) strong and intact. One way to keep CR intact is to speak more than one language. Previous research done shows that monolinguals typically get diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease 4 to 5 years earlier than bilinguals and multilinguals. Using existing articles it was found that this new research was similar to research already done. Speaking more than one language keeps the brain healthy in many different ways. Research suggests that …

Neuroscience-Based Harm Reduction Education For College Students In Portland, Or, Catriona Swallow

University Honors Theses

Harm reduction (HR) is a movement focused on reducing the harms of the opioid overdose crisis through education, advocacy, and community engagement. A key component of HR is naloxone, a medication which reverses opioid overdoses when administered. Due to increased fentanyl contamination, opioid overdose deaths have been on the rise among adolescents in the U.S and HR practices are crucially important at this point in time. In recent years, alternative curricula of HR education have included a neuroscience-based approach to the topic of substance use. While both traditional and alternative programs have had success increasing substance use literacy among adolescents, …

Wired For Success: A Neurobiological Approach To Improving The Academic Outcomes Of Middle School Boys, Allison Emery

University Honors Theses

Male accomplishment in scholastic settings has been declining globally for the last decade, leading to long-term consequences for boys and men. Possible neurobiological underpinnings of the gender gap in education are discussed in this literature review. While male and female differences have, in the past, largely been considered socialized, recent science also confirms neurobiological variances between male and female development. These distinctions are assessed for their potential ties to the decline in male academic success, and are correlated to classroom practices, strategies and interventions meant to increase boys' engagement and performance.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence And Augmented Reality For Enhanced Task Performance In The Construction Industry, Aasish Chandrika Bhanu

All Dissertations

The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector, characterized by its complex tasks, often faces challenges in adopting cutting-edge technologies, a trend that can significantly hinder productivity improvements compared to other industries. This dissertation explores the emerging integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Augmented Reality (AR) within the AEC domain, investigating how effectively this can be implemented to potentially revolutionize industry practices. AI could be used in the AEC domain for advanced analytical and decision-making processes, while AR could be used for training, visualization, and remote collaboration.

In scenarios where construction site workers require expert guidance, these technologies could be helpful. …

How Far Does The Apple Fall? Intergenerational Processes Underlying The Attainment Of Decent Work And Implications For Occupational Health And Well-Being, Baylor A. Graham

All Dissertations

Despite decades of progress spurred by the Decent Work Agenda (International Labor Organization, 1999), efforts to improve working conditions, ensure fair wages, and establish health and well-being as fundamental standards in employment practices continue to be sorely needed. The burden of inadequate decent work has demonstrated profound effects on individual health and well-being. However, the effects of inadequate decent work are rarely investigated over long periods of time and are entirely unexplored in relation to effects on children as they age and enter the workforce themselves. Accordingly, this dissertation investigated the intergenerational effects of decent work, extending beyond the immediate …

Mental Health Of Healthcare Workers In Kosovo During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Latif Hoxha

All Dissertations

ABSTRACT

This study explored the mental health of healthcare practitioners in Kosovo during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the prevalence of stress, depression, and anxiety, and the associated individual, family, and work-related factors. The research employed a cross-sectional design with a sample of 449 healthcare workers from two hospitals in Kosovo. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess mental health symptoms, while socio-demographic and work-related information was collected through a questionnaire.

Based on the descriptive statistics of DASS-21 scores, the prevalence of mental health issues among the participants included high levels of depression (18%), anxiety (25%), …

Cyber Threats, Cyber Risks, And Cybersecurity Responses: Modeling Whole-Of-Nation Strategy Implementation For American Organizations And Citizens, Vincent Leon Guerrero

All Dissertations

Amid a landscape of cyber attacks on America occurring below the threshold of armed conflict, strategic national policy efforts recommend a whole-of-nation approach where individuals and public and private organizations increase their defensive posture in cyberspace. Motivation to address the risk of a cyber event includes a continuum of cyber threats that can range from low-level disruptive events to cybercrime and cyber espionage to the possibility of a potentially catastrophic attack on critical infrastructure. In this dissertation, I conduct a survey experiment of various cyber threat conditions and cyber policies to model cybersecurity responses, risk perceptions to a possible cyber …

Disrupting The Cascade: Using Improvement Science To Mitigate Negative Outcomes Associated With Exclusionary Discipline Practices In Schools, Katelyn Singleton

All Dissertations

The use of exclusionary discipline practices in schools has continued to increase since the advent of Zero Tolerance discipline policies in the 1990s. Research indicates that these practices are largely ineffective in addressing behavior, and result in detrimental outcomes for students and communities. This study focused on the use of Disciplinary Alternative Education Programs (DAEPs) as a form of exclusionary discipline. Using an improvement science design, the purpose of this study was to identify how DAEPs can be leveraged to mitigate negative outcomes associated with exclusionary discipline. Specifically, this study sought to understand how implementing explicit skill instruction and adult …

Instrument Not Ornament: Exploring Women’S Experiences Of Body Objectification And Belonging To An All-Women’S Mountain Biking Group In The Ozarks, Katherine Ketchum

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Description: Despite the attention given to body positivity, body neutrality, and body appreciation, women are consistently and overwhelmingly experiencing body objectification and its harmful effects being normalized by society and internalized individually (Shorter et al., 2008). At the same time, the popularity of mountain biking for women and all-women's mountain biking groups in the Ozarks has grown exponentially in recent years, yet gender stereotypes and disparities for women remain (Irvin et al., 2021). The purpose of this study was to make meaning of (1) women’s experiences of body objectification and (2) women’s experiences belonging to an all-women's mountain biking group …

Strategies For Misinformation Correction: Evidence For The Power Of Negation, Angel Houts

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The current study investigated the effectiveness of different correction strategies for misinformation using a 2 (Source: no source, credible source) x 2 (Structure: negation, affirmation) within-subjects design with an additional control condition that had no corrections. Participants read 40 Twitter-like statements, which included 25 pieces of misinformation and 15 truthful statements, and rated their emotional responses on a Likert scale. After completing a distractor task, participants read additional Twitter-like statements across five different conditions. The first four conditions aimed to correct misinformation: negation with a credible source, negation without source, affirmation with a credible source, affirmation without source. The fifth …

Intellectual Humility And The Role Of Feedback On Children’S Intellectual Humility Expression, Christina M. Barnes

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Intellectual Humility (IH) is the ability to recognize, acknowledge, and act, on the fallibility of one’s own knowledge (Porter et al., 2021). IH is associated with many positive outcomes including intellectual curiosity, tenacity, open-mindedness, and mastery behaviors (Leary, 2018; Porter & Schuman, 2017, Porter et al., 2020) leading some to believe IH is the promotion of IH as the next great educational virtue. Some scholars argue however, that too much IH can lead to Intellectual Servility which is associated with negative outcomes such as maladaptive perfectionism, need for cognitive closure, and less willingness to change a belief when presented with …