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Articles 5101 - 5130 of 73631

Full-Text Articles in Psychology

Work-Family Conflict, Alexandra M. Daro, Samantha K. Ammons Apr 2025

Work-Family Conflict, Alexandra M. Daro, Samantha K. Ammons

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Individuals will take on many different roles throughout their lives. Three of the largest roles an individual can take on – employee, spouse, parent – often come into conflict with each other. Work-family conflict occurs when demands at work and demands in the family are incompatible.  The term “family” can mean different things to different people. Although we often think of family members as individuals tied to us through blood or marriage, families can also be comprised of other loved ones, close friends, and even pets.

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Programmed Cell Death, Skyler Coetzee, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden Apr 2025

Programmed Cell Death, Skyler Coetzee, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Programmed cell death (PCD) is cellular death that is deliberately induced via an intracellular program. There are two main mechanisms of PCD, apoptosis and autophagic cell death. The most common form of PCD in multicellular organisms, including humans, is apoptosis.

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Gardner’S View Of Intelligence, Seth C. Courrege, Nathan C. Weed Apr 2025

Gardner’S View Of Intelligence, Seth C. Courrege, Nathan C. Weed

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Howard E. Gardner’s framework for understanding intelligence is one of the most well-known alternatives to the more widely-accepted Cattell-Horn-Carrol model of intelligence (CHC). In 1983, Gardner published Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, in which he rejected the idea of a single intelligence (g) in favor of multiple, relatively independent intelligences. In his introduction for the third edition of Frames of Mind, Gardner describes a myriad of inspirations for his theory, including a notable lack of research on artistic talents within cognitive psychology. Gardner argues that the traditional definition of “intelligence” is too narrow, and that some of …

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Asymmetric Effects Of The Ebbinghaus Illusion On Relative Depth Judgments In A Perceptual Matching Task, Caden J. Thompson Apr 2025

Asymmetric Effects Of The Ebbinghaus Illusion On Relative Depth Judgments In A Perceptual Matching Task, Caden J. Thompson

Honors Theses

The Ebbinghaus illusion, also know as Titchner Circles, is a perceptual illusion that is typically presented as a two-dimensional set of disks. These disks are configured as a central disk surrounded by an annulus of smaller or larger disks. Numerous studies have found the illusion to have an effect on size perception, but fewer studies have analyzed its effects on depth judgments. This study utilized a head-worn virtual reality environment as well as a three-dimensional display to examine the effects of the Ebbinghaus illusion on relative depth judgments in a perceptual matching task. Findings indicated that Ebbinghaus configurations featuring an …

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Quiet Times: The Application Of Self-Management To Private Spiritual Practices, Noah Branson Apr 2025

Quiet Times: The Application Of Self-Management To Private Spiritual Practices, Noah Branson

Honors College Theses

A “quiet time” refers to the private spiritual practice of reading the Bible, praying, and meditating on one’s own initiative outside of religious sanctioned events. This study examines the effect of a self-management intervention on establishing and maintaining the habit of a daily quiet time. The study’s hypotheses predicted there would be an increase in quiet time 1) frequency, 2) duration, and 3) overall satisfaction from the baseline phase to the intervention phase. Data was collected via a daily check-in and pretest/posttest surveys, and participants attended an in-person intervention to determine how to apply self-management tactics to their own personal …

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Heredity, Chris Burley, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden Apr 2025

Heredity, Chris Burley, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Heredity is the sum of biological processes that result in the transmission of genetic traits from parents to their offspring, making each individual unique. Through the transmission of genetic traits, heredity is responsible for each individual’s genotype, as well as his or her phenotype. The genes that are passed down from generation to generation have a considerable influence on psychological characteristics including intelligence, personality, mental health, and patterns of behavior. However, when considering psychological characteristics passed down through heredity, it is vital that environmental aspects are also considered.

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Life Review, Chris Burley, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden Apr 2025

Life Review, Chris Burley, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden

Essays in Developmental Psychology

In traditional societies, storytelling was an art used to help understand the meaning of life. Storytellers typically included older adults who had experienced challenges in their lives and were aiming to help the young learn from them. This tradition of storytelling not only facilitated the transmission of valuable information between generations, but it also improved the elderly’s social status. One of the many changes associated with modernized society has been placing a larger focus on youth, allowing the elderly to be marginalized within society. As a byproduct of the focus on youth in modern society, older adults have collectively experienced …

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Carl R. Rogers: Person Centered Therapy, Learner Centered Facilitation, Humanistic Education, Jeffrey H.D. Cornelius-White Apr 2025

Carl R. Rogers: Person Centered Therapy, Learner Centered Facilitation, Humanistic Education, Jeffrey H.D. Cornelius-White

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Carl Rogers (January 8, 1902- February 4, 1987) was born and grew up in Oak Park, Illinois, near Chicago. He is one of the few American psychologists to be considered giants in the field, and his American spirit can be traced to ancestors in the USA since the 1600s. He was the fourth of six children in a devout conservative Christian family who prayed together in a circle each morning. He learned to read before Kindergarten and read extensively. As a child, he was shy and kept sheltered by his family, and did not have close friends. He became very …

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Alternative Solutions For Leadership To Attract Qualified Behavioral Health Professionals In Rural Areas, Jerilyn Ann Durst Apr 2025

Alternative Solutions For Leadership To Attract Qualified Behavioral Health Professionals In Rural Areas, Jerilyn Ann Durst

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The challenge of attracting qualified behavioral health professionals to positions in rural areas has been widely recognized. Underserved population segments, issues unique to clinicians practicing in rural areas, and a lack of effective recruitment incentives impact not only an organization but also the community it serves. The subject of this qualitative case study was a private behavioral health office located in a rural community. Semistructured interviews were held with five behavioral health leaders of this organization in addition to a review of organizational records. The Baldridge Performance Excellence Program was the conceptual framework that grounded this study. Qualitative analysis, including …

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Urie Bronfenbrenner, Wallace Fullerton, Donna Devaughn Kreskey Apr 2025

Urie Bronfenbrenner, Wallace Fullerton, Donna Devaughn Kreskey

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Urie Bronfenbrenner (born April 29, 1917, Moscow, Russia – died September 25, 2005, Ithaca, New York, U.S.) was a Russian-born American developmental psychologist. He is best known for ecological systems theory. This theory explains human development as the result of nested relationships between the individual and family, friends, schools, neighborhoods, society, and the time period in which the individual lived. Bronfenbrenner described these contexts as, matryoshka, or Russian nesting dolls. The individual was layered within multiple contexts, or systems and each system was represented by one of the nested dolls. The ecological system of each individual was built from five …

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Adopted Children, Michael Galobardi, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden Apr 2025

Adopted Children, Michael Galobardi, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Views about the manner and nature of human development have changed across time (Psyking.net 2016). Some of these views have been religious (e.g., creationism) and some of these views have been more biological (e.g., preformationism).  Regardless of the focus of the view, how we believe human beings develop has a profound effect on our expectations for those beings.  One early view of human development from a biological perspective was Preformationism.  This is explained as, “A notion that was widespread among pioneer biologists in the 18th century was that the fetus, and hence the adult organism that develops from it, is …

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Metacognition, Erika Fulton, Tina Miyake Apr 2025

Metacognition, Erika Fulton, Tina Miyake

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Metacognition is thinking about cognition or thinking about thinking. It includes what you know about how your own cognition and cognition in general work. Metacognition also involves the judgments we make about our cognition and how accurate those judgments are. Metamemory and metacomprehension are the most studied areas of metacognition and refer to the judgments we make about our memory and about our reading comprehension, respectively.

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Person Perception In Childhood And Adolescence, William Goulart, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden Apr 2025

Person Perception In Childhood And Adolescence, William Goulart, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Prior to the early 1970s little was known about how children viewed others. Previous research had focused on the types of thoughts children had about others, rather than how they arrived at and how to categorize these impressions. Additionally, it was assumed that understanding the development of impression formation in childhood would prove useful for understanding impression formation in adulthood.

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Nursing Homes, Julian Garcia, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden Apr 2025

Nursing Homes, Julian Garcia, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Nursing homes are a type of residential care that typically provide continual nursing care for elderly people. Residential care refers to long-term care given to either adults or children who stay in a residential setting rather than their own home. Individuals who benefit most from nursing homes are those who do not need to be in a hospital but cannot live independently or be cared for at home. While nursing homes are most typically associated with the elderly, younger adults with different physical or mental disabilities may also benefit from them. The services at nursing homes often vary depending on …

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Childbirth Approaches, Michael Galobardi, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden Apr 2025

Childbirth Approaches, Michael Galobardi, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden

Essays in Developmental Psychology

There are various approaches to childbirth, apart from the typical approach of vaginal delivery (e.g., typically done in a hospital). Another approach is a cesarean, which can classified as either an emergency or planned procedure. In the case where an emergency cesarean is needed a vaginal birth would have been detrimental to health of the mother and/or the fetus. A planned cesarean is requested ahead of time due to medical indication or requested by the mother. When requested by the mother the delivery is considered an elective surgical procedure, since it was requested without any medical or obstetrical indication. Cesareans …

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Success And Intelligence, Halie B. Hamilton, Nathan C. Weed Apr 2025

Success And Intelligence, Halie B. Hamilton, Nathan C. Weed

Essays in Developmental Psychology

One of the most famous studies tracking the relationship between intelligence and success was conducted by Louis Terman. Terman’s Gifted Child Study began in the 1920s and followed nearly 1500 gifted children throughout their lives. To qualify, the children had to have an IQ of at least 140. The children were followed into adulthood to see how their intelligence was related to social and personal adjustment. Terman found that his sample showed not only positive academic outcomes, but also tended to be healthier, taller, and stronger than children with lower IQs. These positive effects persisted into adulthood. Two-thirds earned bachelor’s …

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Empty Nest Syndrome, Kelsey Grodner, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden Apr 2025

Empty Nest Syndrome, Kelsey Grodner, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Empty nest is a stage in development when children leave the parental home, thus leaving it “empty.” This stage occurs when children are at the age or point in life where they are ready to become independent and create a life of their own. Parents have various reactions to this change.  Many parents look forward to this transition and view it as a highly positive event, while others have a more difficult time and deal with what is commonly called the “empty nest syndrome.” Empty syndrome is typically considered a maladaptive reaction to this transition, however this significant phase of …

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Dependent Care, Michael Galobardi, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden Apr 2025

Dependent Care, Michael Galobardi, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden

Essays in Developmental Psychology

The term dependent care is an umbrella for several types of care regarding family members. One can be the caretaker for disabled children, disabled adult children, or elderly parents. It is expected of parents to perform a supportive role to make sure that children get the services they need from the appropriate health care professionals.  Caring for children is only made more difficult when the child, or one of the children has a disability. It is becoming common practice for children with disabilities to be cared for at home in developing countries. Where the complex medical and physical needs of …

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Love, Kelsey Grodner, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden Apr 2025

Love, Kelsey Grodner, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Many have sought to understand the mystifying concept of love including psychologists, philosophers, and theologians. Most research on love focuses on the early bonding between a mother and her infant, and uses this as the exemplar for how any love relationship is formed and maintained throughout the life span. Early in development, the first understanding of love is gathered through the warm connections, nurture and affection experienced through the interaction between the child and parents or caregivers. Many theorists have suggested that the type and success of this early interaction informs how future emotional bonds and relationships are molded throughout …

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Caregivers’ Satisfaction With And Perceived Cultural Sensitivity Of A Modification Of A Child Injury Prevention Program For Spanish-Speaking Families, Karen Padilla Apr 2025

Caregivers’ Satisfaction With And Perceived Cultural Sensitivity Of A Modification Of A Child Injury Prevention Program For Spanish-Speaking Families, Karen Padilla

Honors Theses

Unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death among children in the United States. Caregivers play a critical role in reducing children’s risk of injury by adopting appropriate supervision behaviors and engaging in safety-proofing practices. The Supervising for Home Safety (SHS) program is a video-based intervention developed to increase caregiver supervision for children ages 2–5 by targeting beliefs about injury vulnerability, injury preventability, and self-efficacy for implementing safety precautions. While SHS has demonstrated effectiveness in English-speaking populations, no research has examined its adaptation and impact among Spanish-speaking caregivers. This study aimed to examine caregivers perceived cultural sensitivity and satisfaction with …

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Mirror Test Of Infant Self-Awareness, Jenna Bekkala, Naomi J. Aldrich Apr 2025

Mirror Test Of Infant Self-Awareness, Jenna Bekkala, Naomi J. Aldrich

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Our understanding of self, or belief in one’s being as distinct from others, has been a subject of inquiry throughout human history. Discussions of self-concept would not appear in the empirical literature, however, until the mid-19th century. After likening an orangutan’s response to teasing as that of a “naughty child”, Charles Darwin began to question orangutans’ selfconcept by observing reactions to their own mirror images. Darwin’s use of the mirror to gauge self-awareness, a method eventually applied to his own infant son (Darwin, 1877), would remain the most frequently used assessment of self-concept for the next century.

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Attachment Theory: John Dollard And Neal Miller, Carla Cabrera, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden Apr 2025

Attachment Theory: John Dollard And Neal Miller, Carla Cabrera, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden

Essays in Developmental Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Bio-Physiological Development During Adulthood, Maria Boix Braga, Charles J. Golden, Lisa K. Lashley Apr 2025

Bio-Physiological Development During Adulthood, Maria Boix Braga, Charles J. Golden, Lisa K. Lashley

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Defining adulthood, and what the criteria truly is to be able to consider oneself an adult, varies from culture to culture. Biologically, adulthood can also be defined as the period in which full physical and intellectual maturity has been attained. It is a period that is defined slightly differently depending on the source, but it is agreed that it tends to be considered the life period between ages 18 and 60. However, the definition of adulthood can have varying legal and sociocultural factors as well. For example, the legal definition of an adult is a person who has reached the …

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Experimental Studies, Alexander Beaujean, Allison D. Gutierrez Apr 2025

Experimental Studies, Alexander Beaujean, Allison D. Gutierrez

Essays in Developmental Psychology

The concept of an experiment has undergone many changes in psychology's relatively short existence, and its essential features are still debated. Psychologists agree that it involves (a) systematically observing and recording phenomena; (b) explicitly describing the conditions under which the observations occurred, and (c) analyzing the resulting data to look for meaningful relations. The major area of disagreement is whether manipulation of phenomena is required.

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Correlational Studies, Alexander Beaujean, Hannah Greeley Apr 2025

Correlational Studies, Alexander Beaujean, Hannah Greeley

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Correlational studies are a type of research design that involves examining the relation among two or more phenomena. The design's distinguishing features are (a) data are collected more or less simultaneously, or at least treated as if they were collected at a single point in time; and (b) there is no manipulation of phenomena (e.g., assigning participants into groups).

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Longitudinal Studies, Alexander Beaujean Apr 2025

Longitudinal Studies, Alexander Beaujean

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Longitudinal studies provide information about phenomena constancy and change. Their core feature is that the phenomena under investigation are observed repeatedly in the same participants (e.g., persons, animals, organizations), which requires collecting data at multiple time points (called waves). The participants, phenomena observed, duration of study, and number of waves can greatly differ between studies. For example, longitudinal studies with animals often gather data across many waves, but the entire study may only last a few days or weeks. By contrast, longitudinal studies with humans typically gather data at just a few waves but may last years or decades.

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Infant Memory, Jenna Beffel, Naomi J. Aldrich Apr 2025

Infant Memory, Jenna Beffel, Naomi J. Aldrich

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Until the second half of the 20th century, the ability to recall information was thought to emerge between 2- and 10-years-of-age. Resulting from repression of our earliest sexual urges, immature neural mechanisms, or an impoverished sense of self and linguistic skills, infantile amnesia represents the predominant view of infancy at the time; a period in which the child possessed remarkably limited mental abilities, thus experiencing the world as nothing more than “one great blooming, buzzing confusion” (James, 1890). The research contributions of Dr. Carolyn Rovee-Collier over the next seventy years succeeded in altering this perspective.

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Infant Imitation And Social Interaction, Caroline Bartes, Naomi J. Aldrich Apr 2025

Infant Imitation And Social Interaction, Caroline Bartes, Naomi J. Aldrich

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Today imitation (i.e., copying another’s behaviors) is recognized as the fundamental mechanism by which cultural knowledge is socially transmitted across generations (Gergely & Csibra, 2006). Indeed, inquiries into children’s imitation have been at the forefront of developmental science nearly since its inception. Piaget suggested that at its core, imitation acted as the child’s representation of self-in-action before the representation of self-in-thought (Piaget & Inhelder, 1966/1969). While Piaget discussed the presence of reflexive imitation within the first months of life (e.g., a baby crying upon hearing another baby’s cry), he reasoned that children could not imitate others’ gestures until the end …

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Sequential Studies, A. Alexander Beaujean Apr 2025

Sequential Studies, A. Alexander Beaujean

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Sequential studies combine aspects of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies in order to overcome some of inherent problems in both designs. Longitudinal studies can provide rich information about phenomena change, but have two major disadvantages: (a) they can require substantial resources, and (b) they can confound effects of age, cohort (i.e., influences due to shared historical experiences), and time-of-data-collection effects (i.e., events that co-occur with the data collection occasions). Cross-sectional studies require fewer resources, but only provide limited information about developmental change.

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Cross-Sectional Studies, Alexander Beaujean, Allison D. Gutierrez Apr 2025

Cross-Sectional Studies, Alexander Beaujean, Allison D. Gutierrez

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Cross-sectional studies are a type of research design used to understand time-related constancy and change in phenomena using data collected more or less simultaneously from different groups (called cohorts) of participants (e.g., people, animals, organizations). The cohorts vary on the basis of age or some other temporal phenomena (e.g., developmental stage, grade in school), so the combined sample is thought to represent the focal phenomena in the population at different times (i.e., a cross section). Differences among the cohorts are used to approximate developmental changes.

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