Psychology Commons^™

Disgust Sensitivity Relates To Attitudes Toward Gay Men And Lesbian Women Across 31 Nations, F. Van Leeuwen, Y. Inbar, M. B. Petersen, L. Aaroe, P. Barclay, F. K. Barlow, M. De Barra, D. V. Becker, L. Borovoi, J. Choi, N. S. Consedine, J. R. Conway, P. Conway, V. C. Adoric, Li, Norman P.

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Previous work has reported a relation between pathogen-avoidance motivations and prejudice toward various social groups, including gay men and lesbian women. It is currently unknown whether this association is present across cultures, or specific to North America. Analyses of survey data from adult heterosexuals (N = 11,200) from 31 countries showed a small relation between pathogen disgust sensitivity (an individual-difference measure of pathogen-avoidance motivations) and measures of antigay attitudes. Analyses also showed that pathogen disgust sensitivity relates not only to antipathy toward gay men and lesbians, but also to negativity toward other groups, in particular those associated with violations of …

Stuck In The Past? Rumination-Related Memory Integration, Paula T. Hertel, C. Wahlheim, William A. Price, Emily M. Crusius, Christina L. Patino

Psychology Faculty Research

Memories connected to ruminative concerns repetitively capture attention, even in situations designed to alter them. However, recent research on memory updating suggests that memory for benign substitutes (e.g., reinterpretations) might be facilitated by integration with the ruminative memories. As a first approach, two experiments (Ns = 72) mimicked rumination-related memories with rumination-themed stimuli and an imagery task. College undergraduates screened for ruminative status first studied and imaged ruminative cue-target word pairs, and then in a second phase they studied the same cues re-paired with benign targets (along with new and repeated pairs). On the test of cued recall of …

A Threat To Valid Guilty Pleas: The Impact Of Guilt Status, Acute Stress, And Plea Knowledge On Plea-Bargaining Decisions, Grace Hanzelin

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The most common route through the US criminal justice system is through plea-bargaining, with over 95% of criminal cases ending in a guilty plea. Previous studies have found different factors (e.g., plea discounts; Wilford et al., 2021) that can increase the likelihood of a false guilty plea. This study aimed to further investigate the effect of guilt status on plea decisions, but also to see how guilt may work alongside acute stress and pre-existing knowledge of the plea process to drive plea-bargaining decisions. Participants (N = 188) were assigned to complete either a stressful or a non-stressful version of the …

The Effects Of Identity Conflict And Identity Salience On Job Satisfaction And Vocational Connectedness In Minority Law Enforcement Officers, Kityara James

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Law enforcement agencies are having trouble recruiting, hiring, and maintaining ethnic minority officers. Although the Department of Justice identified multiple issues minorities face while pursuing and engaging in the profession, there have been few efforts to determine the source of these problems and how to overcome them. In a stressful profession that doesn't historically align with being a minority, the difference between staying with that job or going to another one may lie in how connected to the job and how satisfied with that job minority law enforcement feel. The current study explores how ethno-racial and police identity salience and …

The Effects Of Variations Of Victim Impact Statements On Juror Bias, Emily Sutton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Victim impact statements (VIS) are federally protected statements describing the physical, emotional, and financial impact of a crime on a victim. States can decide the content and timing of the VIS, resulting in much variation. Previous research has found an effect of these variations on mock juror bias in capital trials. The current study examined if variations such as changing the strength of emotion, crime type, and including sentencing recommendation within a VIS affects the judgements of mock jurors. The results showed the sexual assault VIS produced higher guilt ratings and longer sentences. Furthermore, the inclusion of a high sentencing …

Antagonistic Pleiotropy In Alzheimer's Disease, Annie Hollis

Undergraduate Research Conference

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele has been linked with Alzheimer’s disease; specifically having two copies of the APOE ε4 allele greatly increases the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease in older age. Studies have attempted to relate an antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis to this gene, i.e., the ε4 allele has positive effects on cognition and memory in early life and negative effects later in life. Many of these studies have had several limitations and conflicting results, such as testing adults in upper middle age or comparing the absence of the ε4 allele with the presence of at least one ε4 allele. Studies …

What's Your Biggest Secret?, Emely M. Oviedo, Sydney B. Snapp, George Kazanecki

Research Days

Initial study (e.g., Kahneman & Tversky, (1982) has indicated that failed actions (i.e., switches that result in negative outcomes) evoke more regret than inactions (i.e., non-switches resulting in negative outcomes), a vigorous finding in the regret literature. Subsequent work, however, revealed that individuals report more inaction regrets than action regrets (e.g., Gilovich & Medvec, 1994). The current research examines whether regret stemming from actions versus inactions are moderated by one’s attachment style. Attachment can be both crucial when it comes to decision making and one’s ability to mitigate the negative effects following a decision. Participants will be asked to complete …

The Effects Of Mindfulness On Regret: An Explorative Analysis, Emely M. Oviedo, Sydney B. Snapp, George Kazanecki, Timothy Pedigo Ph.D, Figen Karadgon Ph.D

Research Days

Regret has been found to be associated with anxiety, depression, and cognitive distortions (Markman et al., 2009; Markham & Miller, 2006). In relation to regret, past actions and decisions create painful experiences resulting in negative rumination (Olatunji et al., 2013). However, if the negative rumination is reduced there is the potential to learn important feedback from previous decisions that have resulted in painful experiences. Thus, the current research explores the mitigating role of mindfulness on the amount of regret experienced. It was hypothesized that the participants would report experiencing less amount of regret following mindfulness meditation. First, participants were asked …

Py-03 The Effect Of Notifications On Different Levels Of Processing Of Memory, Brandon Stiff, Sarah Connor Burns Phd

SC Upstate Research Symposium

Memory is a process that involves the acquiring, encoding, storing, and retrieving of information obtained from the environment. According to the levels of processing theory, proposed by Craik and Lockhart, the perception of stimuli requires analysis at various cognitive levels (1972). Processing things at greater “depth” involves more cognitive analysis and making connections with already known material. This deeper analysis is associated with longer retention and better performance on memory recall tasks (Craik & Lockhart, 1972).

To process the presence of a stimulus, you must first attend to it. According to Mulligan, divided attention results in worse performance on semantic …

Py-05 Pediatric Vehicular Heatstroke: Analysis Of Cases That Children Gained Access To Vehicle, Emily N. Krull, Jennifer Gray Phd

SC Upstate Research Symposium

Since 1998, 937 children have died from Pediatric Vehicular Heatstroke (PVH), while this number is small regarding childhood mortality, it is still an important concern because the deaths of these children could have been prevented. Previous research has analyzed the deaths that occurred when children were left in the vehicle knowingly and unknowingly but does not discuss the cases where children gained access to the vehicle. The goal of this research is to determine what went wrong in the cases where children gained access to the vehicle and what parents were doing at the time of the incident, to understand …

The Dark Side Of Leadership: Mid-Level Managers And Their Experience With Hubristic Behaviors Of Executives, Leili Sadaghiani

Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to identify the emotional reactions of mid-level managers to executives’ hubris behaviors in a corporate setting.

Methodology: This leadership study uses qualitative phenomenological methodology was executed to explore the lived experiences of mid-level managers with past executives who practiced hubristic behavior.

Findings: The findings of this research on the lived experiences of mid-level managers with hubristic behaviors of executives suggest that the lack of support lessens the mid-level manager’s confidence; with little support; the mid-level manager was either afraid to fight the executive or gave up trying; the mid-level manager faced stress even …

Please Don’T Label Me: An Examination Of Black-Owned Labels And How A Positive Consumer Activism Movement May Have A Negative Outcome, Khalia C. Jenkins

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Covid-19 crisis that began in 2020 brought to light many societal issues as people had time to sit and reflect. One of these issues is the systemic injustices against African Americans, which were highlighted after the death of George Floyd. This event re-ignited the Black Lives Matter movement amongst U.S. citizens of all races and within corporations. While some companies pledged to donate to various Black causes, others opted to empower Black businesses economically by supporting the Buy-Black Movement. One of the ways they are accomplishing this goal is by adding a Black-owned label to products and businesses. While …

Understanding Disordered Eating Attitudes And Patterns In University Students And The Relationship To Campus Dining Services, Benjamin A. Bartling

Honors Thesis

University students are particularly vulnerable to disordered eating behaviors and attitudes. This study seeks to expand upon the knowledge base of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in university students by employing a netnography as a precursor to the main study to establish the following research questions: What is the relationship between the perceived quality of campus dining services and disordered eating attitudes in university students? What is the relationship between the perceived availability of campus dining services and disordered eating attitudes in university students? And, lastly, how does prior experience with campus dining services affect university students eating patterns and …

Beyond Machine Learning: An Fmri Domain Adaptation Model For Multi-Study Integration, Lauryn Michelle Burleigh

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Traditional machine learning analyses are challenging with functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) data, not only because of the amount of data that needs to be
collected, adding a particular challenge for human fMRI research, but also due to the change in
hypothesis being addressed with various analytical techniques. Domain adaptation is a type of
transfer learning, a step beyond machine learning which allows for multiple related, but not
identical, data to contribute to a model, can be beneficial to overcome the limitation of data
needed but may address different hypothesis questions than anticipated given the analysis
computation. This dissertation assesses …

Framing Addiction: How Variations Of News Stories Affect Attitudes Toward Addicts, James A. Smith

LSU Master's Theses

Stigma toward drug addicts and alcoholics can act as a barrier to treatment and, ultimately, result in more lives lost. Over previous decades, journalists have largely framed addicts as problematic to society which contributes to public stigma. Prior research in social medicine has found that non-news portrayals of treated addicts can improve public attitudes. Similarly, studies in mass communication have found that different ways of framing news stories can elicit different attitudes from news consumers. The purpose of this study is to test the effects of thematic framing, episodic framing, problem framing, and solution framing on readers’ attitudes when journalists …

The Local Neurologies Of Substance Use Triggers, Breanne I. Casper

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Substance use triggers are largely understood to be embedded in drug use contexts and to be a major precipitator of relapse. Yet, the relationship between triggers and future instances of drug use is not quite clear– particularly in understanding the nuances of when triggers are “triggering” and when they are not. Additionally, there is little ethnographic work that explores how individuals interact with triggers in contexts related to substance use, particularly during periods of active use. This project employs ethnographic and survey research methods to interrogate substance use triggers in the harm reduction context. In doing so, it answers the …

The Impact Of Family Support And Rejection On Suicide Ideation And Attempt Among Transgender Adults In The U.S., Guadalupe Marquez-Velarde, Gabe H. Miller, Jesse Ezra Shircliff, Mario Itzel Suárez

Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications

We evaluate the association of familial factors and suicidality among transgender adults in the U.S. by estimating the odds of lifetime suicide ideation and attempt using the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey. Predictors include family support, family rejection, and specific experiences related to both. About 79% of sample respondents have experienced suicidal ideation and nearly 43% have made a suicide attempt. The predicted probability of suicide attempt is 0.35 for those with no family rejection experiences, 0.75 for those who have had all five experiences in our models. Rejection predicts both outcomes and experiences of rejection have a cumulative impact.

Towards Scalable Mental Health: Leveraging Digital Tools In Combination With Computational Modeling To Aid In Treatment And Assessment Of Major Depressive Disorder, Matthew D. Nemesure

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating disorder that impacts the lives of nearly 280 million individuals worldwide, representing 5% of the overall adult population. Unfortunately, these statistics have been both trending upward and are also likely an underestimate. This can be primarily attributed to lack of screening paired with a lack of providers. Worldwide, there are roughly 450 individuals living with MDD per mental health care provider. Adding to this burden, approximately half of affected individuals that do receive care of any kind will fail to remain in remission. The goal of this thesis work is to leverage statistical …

The Development Of A Behaviorally Based Mentoring Workplace Scale, Christina N. Falcon

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research is to contribute to the mentoring literature by providing a new tool to measure mentoring behaviors and their effectiveness from the perspective of the protégé. To accomplish this, I used the specific mentoring behaviors outlined by previous research to develop a behaviorally based measure of mentorship. The items for this new behaviorally based mentoring effectiveness scale were developed to measure the same theoretical construct as previous mentoring scales, but with the intention of capturing effective behaviors instead of broader mentoring functions. This scale was developed through three main steps: a pilot study to narrow down …

Interpreter-Mediated Psychotherapy With Refugees, Shadin Atiyeh, Mina Attia, Julie Beckmann

Journal of Counseling Research and Practice

This article is a content analysis of peer-reviewed journal publications exploring interpreter-mediated counseling over the last ten years. The intention of the analysis was to identify trends in publication regarding this topic and gaps for future research. After an exhaustive search, 70 articles were identified and seven were specifically focused on refugees and asylum seekers. Themes of the publishing trends were identified and recommendations for the counseling field are presented.

The Broad Reach Of Multivariable Thinking, Deanna Kuhn, Anahid Modrek

College of Humanities and Sciences Faculty Papers

Simple explanations are very often inadequate and can encourage faulty inferences. We examined college students’ explanations regarding illegal immigration to determine the prevalence of single-factor explanations. The form of students’ explanations was predicted by their responses on a simple three-item forced-choice multivariable causal reasoning task in which they selected the strongest evidence against a causal claim. In a further qualitative investigation of explanations by a sample of community adults, we identified positive features among those who scored high on this multivariable causal reasoning task. We consider limitations of single-factor reasoning and means of encouraging more comprehensive explanations to support claims.

Extending Token Economy Systems For Children With Learning Disabilities And Developmental Disabilities Using Operant Behavioral Economics, Parker Levins

LSU Master's Theses

Token economy systems have been used successfully in various general and special education classrooms. Although effective, educators seldom have a priori information on the performance of their reinforcers within the schedules of reinforcement that comprise the token economy. Most token economies are initially designed based on clinical judgment and respective schedules are typically selected on an arbitrary basis (e.g., token-production Fixed Ratio 1 [FR1], exchange-production FR5). This introduces uncertainty whereby the initial arrangement may be too lax (i.e., work expectations are low for the student) or too strict (i.e., work expectations are high for the student), which both have the …

Exploring Generational Trauma, Delanie Patterson, Brooke Mann, Will Stutterheim

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Generational trauma is still a relatively new field of study that has gained immense popularity with various researchers and the rest of society. There are several contributing factors to generational trauma being explored and examined so researchers can reduce the effects on both parents and offspring. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (2021) describes Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) as trauma or a significant stressor that occurs during childhood, and trauma in itself significantly impacts families and individual functioning. It is essential to continue the research on generational trauma to help families create a healthier living environment and a better …

College Students' Relationship With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And Learning Accommodations At The University Of Nebraska-Lincoln, Brianna Danehey, Kim Hansen Dr., Chelsea Witt Dr.

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can provide many challenges for college students due to difficulties focusing, multi-tasking, and staying organized. Colleges are required to offer academic accommodations to students with disabilities in an attempt to provide students with an equitable learning environment. However, accommodations may be ineffective if they are highly unattainable, unused by the student once granted, or hindered by university faculty.

The objective of this study was to identify barriers to receiving effective and beneficial academic accommodations for individuals with ADHD at the University level and to provide insight into college students' knowledge and relationships relating to the …

Physiotherapists’ Work In Public Perception, Andrzej Lewandowski, Jadwiga Sarwinska, Zuzanna Piekorz

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction: The aim of the study is to determine basic physical traits of physiotherapists and indicators of their occupation according to social expectations. Material and Methods: 2121 people of different sex, age and education participated in the study. The preferences were categorized by sex and the education level. The test for equality of two percentage structures based on statistics ‘Z’ and the test for equality of proportions based on Fisher-Snedecor’s test were implemented. Results: The preferences for the physical traits are consistent with those commonly expected, and the high level of fitness is expected in the context of significant psychological …

The Association Between Vigorous Physical Activity And Alcohol Use, Christina James, Emily Junkin, Cathy Lau-Barraco

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Evidence supports a positive association between excessive exercise and alcohol use among young adults. Past research has looked at the effects of medium-intensity physical activity regarding alcohol use prevention among college students, suggesting a positive linear association between these two variables. However, prior research has primarily focused on men. Thus, questions regarding health-compromising behaviors, such as excessive drinking and exercise among women, remain to be investigated. Further, questions have been raised concerning the pattern of association between vigorous physical activity and alcohol use among men versus women. The present study aims to replicate prior research by evaluating (1) the association …

Does Gender Moderate The Relationship Between Surface Acting And Burnout?, Cynthia Kennedy

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Burnout occurs when the workplace has chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors that trigger emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and feelings of incompetence. There is a gap in burnout literature on how experiences, systemic expectations, and coping behaviors differ between females and males. Previous research suggests that comparable behaviors in male and female employees elicit different reactions from their peers. As a result, attributes such as assertiveness, generally perceived as powerful for males, are seen as abrasive for females. This mindset creates an environment where females act in a way that society expects them to remain credible. Surface acting involves the regulation of …

The Impact Of Digital And Traditional Coloring On Death Anxiety In Older Adults, Heejoo Roh, Elizabeth Krumrei-Mancuso, Cindy Miller-Perrin

Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium

The purpose of this study was to examine if coloring mandalas digitally or traditionally has a different impact in reducing death anxiety among older adults. Using random assignment, we compared digital (n = 22) and traditional (n = 26) coloring to a non-art distraction activity (completing a word puzzle; n = 21) for levels of death anxiety following a death anxiety induction. We hypothesized that both digital and traditional coloring conditions would result in lower levels of death anxiety compared to the non-art activity, but that traditional coloring would result in the lowest levels of death anxiety. In addition, we …

Appearance-Related Messages In Youtube Workout Videos: A Content Analysis, Ha Gyoung Chung, Caroline Joo, Jennifer A. Harriger

Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, many individuals exercised in gyms or attended in-person workout classes. As the pandemic led to shutdowns, many turned to online workout programs to maintain activity levels. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the prevalence of appearance-related messages in 297 popular workout videos on YouTube. Among these videos, 64.3% of the main instructors were women. Instructors were likely to promote beauty ideals, as 100% of the instructors had features consistent with cultural beauty ideals (e.g., clear skin, white teeth, straight hair) and 90.3% had thin or athletic bodies. Additionally, 68.4% of the videos were …

Loneliness Rates Among Undergraduates From 2008 To 2022, According To Data From The National College Health Assessment, Eunji Shin, Khanh Bui Dr., Joshua H. Park

Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium

Loneliness is a painful awareness that one’s social relationships are less numerous or meaningful than one desires (Peplau & Perlman, 1982). To feel lonely is to feel excluded from a group, unloved by those surrounding oneself, unable to share one’s private concerns, or alienated from others (Myers & Twenge, 2019).

Since Fall 2008, the American College Health Association has collected data on loneliness from an average of 44,888 college students in its fall and spring administrations of the National College Health Assessment (NCHA). In this study, we report the rates of loneliness among undergraduates from Fall 2008 to Spring 2022. …