Psychology Commons^™

Leader Apology In The Employee-Organization Relationship: The Roles Of Subordinate Power Distance Belief And Leader Competence, Xingyu Wang, Xueqi Wen, Zihan Liu, Yuzhuo Jiang, Mingyun Huai

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

According to the organizational support theory, leaders’ words and deeds are not only the products of their own will but also a reflection of organizations’ standpoints. We thus focus on leader apology in the case of organizational transgressions and predict that leaders’ apologetic acts are likely to influence employees’ organizationoriented attitudes and behaviors. Specifically, leader apology is hypothesized to positively influence employees’ perception of organizational support, which in turn, is positively associated with employees’ helping and risk taking behavior. Furthermore, drawing upon the organizational support theory that delineates the discretion and value perceived in the employee-organization relationship, we further propose …

Automatic Scoring Of Speeded Interpersonal Assessment Center Exercises Via Machine Learning: Initial Psychometric Evidence And Practical Guidelines, Louis Hickman, Christoph N. Herde, Filip Lievens, Louis Tay

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Assessment center (AC) exercises such as role-plays have established themselves as valuable approaches for obtaining insights into interpersonal behavior, but they are often considered the “Rolls Royce” of personnel assessment due to their high costs. The observation and rating process comprises a substantial part of these costs. In an exploratory case study, we capitalize on recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) by developing NLP-based machine learning (ML) models to investigate the possibility of automatically scoring AC exercises. First, we compared the convergent-related validity and contamination with word count of ML scores based on models that used different NLP methods …

Multiple, Speeded Assessments: Initial Evidence On Subgroup Differences And Applicant Perceptions, Filip Lievens, Jan Corstjens, Christoph N. Herde

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Recently, shorter assessments have emerged as potential alternatives for more resourceful traditional selection approaches. Multiple, speeded assessments (MSAs) represent such an alternative. In MSAs, candidates participate in a large number of short (a maximum of 5 min), behavioral simulations in which they face a variety of job situations. Initial psychometric evidence on the validity of MSAs is promising. Yet, validity represents only one piece of evidence. It is not known whether MSAs disadvantage specific subgroups, which may inhibit diversity. There is also no information on candidates' experience of going through an MSA, which is pivotal for the attractiveness of the …

Evaluation Of A Classroom Management Video Training Package, Avner Fraidlin

Dissertations

To address the concerning implications of inadequate teacher preparation and training in using classroom management, the literature highlights several steps training programs can take. Namely, this includes supplementing training curricula with dedicated courses on evidence-based classroom management practices and providing teachers with performance feedback following guided practice opportunities (Stevenson et al.,2020). Videos which have been used as an instructional tool in teacher education for several decades (Ciani et al., 2021; van Es & Sherin, 2006), have been incorporated as a component in classroom management teacher trainings with positive outcomes (Wilkinson et al., 2020), and feedback has been established as an …

A Narrative Inquiry Study Of Adult Female Survivors Of Childhood Sexual Abuse And Their Journey Into Individual Counseling, Alex Houseknecht

Dissertations

The purpose of the narrative inquiry is to investigate the journey of adult female survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in seeking out and obtaining individual counseling. The goal is to understand why survivors seek individual counseling and how the process of obtaining and utilizing counseling unfolds over time.

This qualitative study is conducted with convenience and criterion sampling selection. The participants used for the study are two adults who identify as female, aged 18 or older, who are survivors of more than one incident of CSA and are current clients of therapists in the investigator’s existing professional network. Additionally, …

Relationships Among Nurse Managers' Job Design, Work Environment, And Nurse And Patient Outcomes, Elizabeth M. Grandfield, Ann E. Schlotzhauer, Emily Cramer, Nora E. Warshawsky

Psychological Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

The importance of nurse managers' practice environments in affecting outcomes for direct care nurses and patients has been well-researched. Nonetheless, much remains to be learned about the determinants of the nurse manager practice environment. In this study, 541 US nurse managers' survey responses were matched to unit-level aggregate data of their subordinates' responses on the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators. A model relating job design and experience to the nurse manager's practice environment and direct care nurse (i.e., job satisfaction, intent to stay, and joy and meaning in work) and patient outcomes (i.e., nurse-reported quality of care and missed …

Ethical Leadership And Employee Unethical Behavior: A Dual-Processing Model, Chenjing Gan, Chi-Ying Cheng, Yandong Chai, Linbo Yang

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Purpose – This study seeks to apply a dual-processing model to understand how ethical leadership prohibits employee unethical behavior through both employee deontic justice and distributive justice. Design/methodology/approach – A survey research was conducted with 62 supervisors and 244 subordinates of 17 firms collected at 2 time points separated by approximately 3 weeks in People’s Republic of China. Findings – A multilevel modeling analysis was used to test the dual-processing model. The results showed that both employee deontic justice (moral intuition process) and distributive justice (deliberate reasoning process) significantly mediate the negative relationship between ethical leadership and employee unethical behavior. …

Desire For Social Status Affects Marital And Reproductive Attitudes: A Life History Mismatch Perspective, Amy J. Lim, Norman P. Li, Zoi Manesi, Steven L. Neuberg, Mark Van Vugt, Andrea L. Meltzer, Kenneth Tan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Modern low fertility is an unresolved paradox. Despite the tremendous financial growth and stability in modern societies, birth rates are steadily dropping. Almost half of the world's population lives in countries with below-replacement fertility and is projected for a continued decline. Drawing on life history theory and an evolutionary mismatch perspective, we propose that desire for social status (which is increasingly experienced by individuals in industrialized, modern societies) is a key factor affecting critical reproductive preferences. Across two experimental studies (total N = 719), we show that activating a desire for status can lead people to prefer reproductive tradeoffs that …

Dolling-Up Under Disease Threats: Do Pathogen Threats Motivate Attractiveness Signaling?, Kai Lin Lynn Tan, Michal Folwarczny, Agata Gasiorowska, Norman P. Li

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Under high pathogen threat, it is adaptive for humans to find mates with high immunocompetence. Supporting this, research shows that pathogen cues increase humans’ preference for physical attractiveness—an indicator of a well-functioning immune system—among their potential mates. Building on this literature, we examined whether exposure to videos depicting pathogens (vs. a control video of nature scenery) triggers the desire to signal one’s physical attractiveness. We tested this prediction in four experiments, including two well-powered preregistered ones. In Experiment 1, we examined how pathogen cues influenced the desire for cosmetic surgery and the amount of time and money participants are willing …

Protecting Youth From Mexican Drug Cartel Recruitment: The Prospects Of Educational Interventions, Lisa Hochstetler

Lux et Fides: A Journal for Undergraduate Christian Scholars

This investigation considers the impact of Mexico’s War on Drugs since 2006 and the influence of widespread cartel networks on the youth population. As both victims and perpetrators of drug-related crime, the young individuals of Mexico are the center of this research. The goal of this investigation was to determine how education in Mexico’s grade schools could be leveraged to protect its youth from drug-related violence and cartel recruitment. Therefore, the study examines both the challenges suffered by the education system due to the Drug War and the prospects for educational interventions to strengthen and protect youth over and against …

Effects Of Self-Efficacy, Belonging, And Overall Wellbeing On Minority Students Amidst Covid Pandemic., Eddie Cruz-Cruz, Ruth Addisu

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

The covid pandemic created major shifts in everyday life. Many students’ college experiences were changed from on campus classes to remote learning. We investigated how minority students’ overall wellbeing, self-efficacy, and belonging scores impacted their GPA. We used a pre-existing dataset from a large midwestern university (N= 176; N=5 African American/Black, N=22 Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish Origin, N=19 Asian, N=108 White/Caucasian, N=5 Mixed, N= 17 N/A) to answer questions measuring Self-Efficacy, Belonging, and Overall Wellbeing, ANOVA models were used. Results indicated Self-Efficacy and Overall Wellbeing were statistically significant (p .52).

South Asian Perspectives On The Lgbtq Community At A Christian Institution, Esal Shakil

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Current sociopolitical climates for LGBTQ individuals in South Asian countries are hostile. The negative beliefs that contribute to these climates are reflected in South Asian communities and religious Institutions within America, which can leave lasting impact on South Asian youths. The present study qualitatively analyzes how the South Asian and Christian university contexts intersect to influence the attitudes of South Asian college students. We conducted semi-structured interviews with six participants and used Braun and Clarke’s (2008) thematic analysis to identify and organize themes from the interviews. Some preliminary themes include South Asian communities considering LGBTQ issues to be taboo and …

The Psychology Of Protest: Activism Involvement And Burnout, Keyera Gaulden, Tara Shelby, Lynette Bikos

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Since January 2021, the SPU community has protested policies that result in employment discrimination for the LGBTQIA+ community. We tested a model of indirect effects, predicting protest-related burnout directly from hours per week of protest activity and indirectly through eight work values. No work values predicted protest engagement and protest-related burnout was not predicted by weekly hours of protest engagement. The work value relationship, had an was inversely related to protest-related burnout (*B* = -0.293, *p* = 0.003); security was positively related to protest-related burnout (*B* = 0.150, *p* = 0.072). Our model predicted 31% of the protest burnout variance.

Emotion Dysregulation And Acquired Capability For Suicide: A Correlational Analysis, Ben Barnette, Janelle Wee, Molly Hassler, Johanna Knight, Keyne Law

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

This study examines the relationship between emotion dysregulation and acquired capability for suicide using self-report, behavioral, and physiological measures. Participants (N = 47) completed the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004) and the Cold Pressor Task (CPT). Bivariate correlational analyses were conducted to examine the strength and direction of associations between several variables including participants’ age and gender, baseline emotion dysregulation (i.e., DERS scores), baseline respiratory sinus arrythmia (RSA) and withdrawal RSA, and pain tolerance, persistence, and threshold values. Results suggest that an individual’s ability to self-regulate at rest is associated with greater persistence through pain.

Basal Metabolic Rate As A Potential Determinant In Risk Sensitive Foraging., Kathryn Van Maanen, Eric S. Long, Baine B. Craft

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

In foraging, there are many possible determinants of an individual’s sensitivity to risk, such as an animal’s learning or various biological imperatives. However, few studies on risk sensitivity incorporate information about an animal’s metabolism. One measure of metabolic rate is basal metabolic rate (BMR), or the minimum rate at which metabolism must produce energy to maintain homeostasis, which is highly plastic. Therefore, we investigated a potential relationship between risk sensitivity and BMR. This metaanalysis revealed little to no relationship between BMR and risk sensitivity, perhaps because of the high intraspecific variation of each of these traits.

Effects Of Nmda Inhibition Of Rodent Decision-Making And Reward-Seeking Behavior, Hoda Aboueich, Hannah Doble, Seth Foust, Brandon Goh, Michael Mains, Bailey Wells, Phillip Baker

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

In this study, we are investigating the relationship between NMDA receptor antagonists and decision-making. Rats choose between a Fixed-Delay (FD) lever that dispensed a sugar pellet in ten-second intervals and a Progressive-Delay (PD) lever that dispensed a sugar pellet at progressively increasing time intervals of one second. After training on the optimal decision-making task, rats were injected with MK-801 in a randomized sequence of doses of 0.06 mL/g, 0.1 mL/ 0.2mL/g with saline as the control. Analysis of behaviors in relation to optimal choices is ongoing in relation to the varying doses of MK-801.

Features Of Attachment In Father- Daughter Relationship And Depressive Symptoms In Daughters Among Emerging Adults, Yee Jie Ooi, Jenny Vaydich, Jessica Fossum

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

This study investigated the features of attachment in father-daughter relationships and their association with depressive symptoms in daughters during emerging adulthood. Drawing on attachment theory, 116 daughters from an existing data set who completed the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) was used to examine whether father-daughter trust, communication and alienation predict depressive symptoms in daughters. Data were analyzed using correlation and multiple linear regression. Findings indicated that alienation significantly predicted depressive symptoms negatively while trust and communication did not support the proposed hypotheses, they did not significantly predict depressive symptoms.

Love And Hate Across The U.S. Political Spectrum., Joseph Walker

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Twitter is a vast source of qualitative and quantitative data on human interaction. This proposed study examines group identity strength (GIS), measured as how strongly one identifies with a group, as a factor of positive and negative partisanship in the US by observing tweets and follower interactions. The top 10 words collocated with “love” and “hate” will be analyzed for each level of GIS for liberals and conservatives. Expected findings are that those with stronger GIS will display more in-group favoritism than out-group animosity, and that the top collocates of love and hate will be different for liberals and conservatives.

Personality And Remote Work/Education-Mode Preferences, Brittany Tausen, Brandon Wells

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

The pandemic accelerated the demand for remote work and education. Importantly, however, not all people thrive in remote environments. Taking a person x situation fit approach, this study explores the perceived connection between personality traits, work mode preferences, and corresponding outcomes. Qualitative data from focus group sessions with employees and students will be transcribed and analyzed. Themes from these sessions will contribute to a deeper understanding of how different people experience productivity, well-being, and belonging in remote vs. in-person work/education environments. Findings will inform future investigations about when and for whom each work/education mode is most effective.

Academic Motivation Across Groups: Generational Status, Gender, And Income, Tia Pu

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

The objective of this study is to examine how academic motivation (AM) varies by generational status, sex, and income. I hypothesized first-generation students are more intrinsically motivated, while multi-generational students are extrinsically motivated. I hypothesized there are little to no differences between sex. And when it comes to familial income, those >$60,000/year will be intrinsically motivated, while those <$60,000/year will be extrinsically motivated. N=176 participants completed an online survey (69.1% Female, 32.6% FGS, 40.6% >$60,000). Examining AM is an important area to study because knowing what factors affect motivation will aid in implementing changes that help students thrive in college.

Distress Tolerance Mediates The Relationship Between Maternal And Paternal Helicopter Parenting And Disordered Eating Among Female Emerging Adults, Katie Savage, Rianna Miramontez, Olivia Gregorich, Emily Anderson, Kelly Walk, Jenny Lee Vaydich

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Disordered eating (DE) has previously been associated with distress tolerance (DT) in emerging adults. Additionally, helicopter parenting has predicted DT and been linked to DE. The current study investigated the relationship between maternal (MHP) and paternal (PHP) helicopter parenting, DT, and DE in emerging adults. Analyses indicated DT mediates both MHP and PHP’s relationship with DE, βM = 0.02, 95% CIM[0.01, 0.05], βP = 0.03, 95% CIP[0.01, 0.06] in a sample of female undergraduate students. While previous research found connections between similar variables separately, this study is the first to the authors’ knowledge that found DT mediates this relationship.

Emotion, Religious Coping, Stigma, And Help-Seeking Attitudes Among Asian Americans: Examination Of Moderated Mediation, Marcella Locke, Paul Kim

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Using a moderated mediation model, we investigated how emotion regulation, emotion socialization, and religious coping affect the relationship between close others’ stigma, self-stigma, and help-seeking among 106 Asian American students. We predicted that (a) self-stigma would positively mediate the close others’ stigma and help-seeking attitudes association, and (b) emotion regulation, emotion socialization, and religious coping would moderate this relationship. Mediation and moderated mediation analyses indicated that close others’ stigma predicted self-stigma, which in turn predicted help-seeking attitudes. This mediation model was moderated by religious coping but not emotional socialization or regulation; emotion regulation and help-seeking attitudes, however, were positively correlated.

Machine Learning Analysis For Animal Behavior In Predator-Exposed Rodents, Hoda Aboueich, Michael Mains, Bailey Wells, Phillip Bakee

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Using machine learning analysis, we analyzed both rats and mice of different strain, sex, age, and housing in order to evaluate behavioral differences in exposure to a 3D printed owl predator that surges toward the center of an arena. As the rodent responded to the stimulus, we were able to evaluate behavioral patterns, such as time spent in hiding, freezing, fleeing, or near the walls of the arena. This will allow us to look at the overall movement trajectories prior to and during predator exposure across species.

Ruminative Subtypes As A Moderator Of The Relationship Between Self-Compassion And Suicidality, Erin Mcmeekin, Michelle Pei, Keyne Law

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

We sought to determine whether ruminative subtypes modulate the relationship between self-compassion and thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB). The coalescence of PB and TB elicits suicidal desire (Van Orden et al., 2010). Self-compassion has been found to ameliorate suffering and self-blame, serving as a reliable protective factor for suicide (Sun et al., 2020). Rumination impacts the relationship between self-compassion and psychopathology (Raes, 2010) and the brooding subtype was consistently found as a risk factor for suicide (Rogers et al., 2017). Participants were undergraduate students (n =264; Mage = 20.85, SD= 5.29; 82% Female, 63% White) who completed the: …

Motivation And Resilience: Differences By Generational Status., Miranda Oddy, Tia Pu

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

This study explored whether intrinsic and extrinsic motivation differed between first-generation college students (FGCS) and multi-generation college students (MGCS) and whether resilience explains any of these variations. We hypothesized that FGCS demonstrate higher intrinsic motivation with higher resilience. 56 participants (mostly White and Hispanic, biologically female, 35.7% FGCS and 64.3% MGCS) completed the survey. Neither intrinsic nor extrinsic motivation varied by generational status, which did not change when controlling for resilience. We concluded that demographically different populations would need different kinds of support for motivation and resilience.

Testing Perceived Moral Transgressions As Mediating Links Of Ptsd Symptoms To Distress, Sarah Roth, Sierra Sumner, Thane Erickson

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms cause distress for 5-20% of individuals worldwide. Cognitive models of PTSD emphasize negative social cognitions about the world, and recent research suggests a relatively unexplored moral dimension. In this study, we test whether perceived moral transgressions mediated the relationship between PTSD symptoms and distress, using both correlational and experimental data., Participants recruited via MTurk (N = 400) completed measures of PTSD symptoms and perceived transgressions of others in the past week, read randomly assigned news vignettes, with and without transgressions, and endorsed current distress levels. We will present study design and preliminary regressions results.

Combat Exposure And The Influence Of Psychopathy On Suicidality In Military Veterans, Dante Buell, Rocky Marks, Nicole Moreira, Ben Barnette, Keyne Law

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

The link between combat exposure and suicidality is well-established, yet the impact of psychopathic traits on this relationship has been overlooked. This study aims to address this gap by exploring how different psychopathic traits influence the link between combat exposure and suicidal ideation or acquired capability for suicide. The results suggest that psychopathic traits significantly affect the relationship between combat exposure and suicidal ideation, highlighting the need to consider suicide risk for military personnel with high levels of these traits who may be contemplating combat. Understanding the interplay between psychopathy and combat exposure is essential within military suicide risk assessment.

Do Role-Playing (Rpg), Action Role-Playing (Arpg), And First Person Shooter (Fps) Video Game Players Differ In Empathy And Ethical Decision-Making?, Jennifer Carron, Jenny Lee-Vaydich

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Video games have become a staple for many, and within the past 15 years, they have become mainstream and widely popular, especially for today’s late adolescents. Children aged 10–14 are said to be easily influenced and emotionally insecure about being different. In 2017, Knoll et al. suggested that playing video games during developmental ages may affect their emotional intelligence (i.e., empathy) and decision-making in adulthood. This is why I propose a study to look at empathy and ethical decision-making in adolescent gamers to understand the effects different video game genres have on adults.

Don’T Worry Deer, Predators Are Not Real (No One Has Seen One Before)., Lillian Loranger, Elissar Hilal, Timothy Chen, Parker Burbridge, Angela Shadle, Baine Craft, Eric Long, Ryan Ferrer

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

The absence of natural predators could have profound behavioral and ecological impacts. Black tail deer (BTD) on Blakely Island provide a unique opportunity to study the effects of predation as there is a multigenerational lack of predators on the island. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine if the lack of predators has a behavioral impact (e.g., vigilance) on BTD as well as forest ecology. Two Douglas Fir saplings, and either cow or wolf urine, were placed in ten locations across the island. Trail cameras recorded BTD behavior. We predicted that predator cues would influence BTD behaviors and foraging.

Loneliness In Covid-19 Pandemic Among Adults Impacted By Developmental Disabilities, Natalie Snodgrass, Thane Erickson, Beverly Wilson

School of Psychology, Family, and Community Research Conference

Developmental disabilities (DD) are lifelong conditions causing impairment in behavioral, language, physical, and cognitive functioning (Zablotsky et al., 2019). Individuals with DDs were at greater risk for health issues and experiencing loneliness pre-pandemic (Alexandria et al., 2021; Desroches et al., 2021). The COVID-19 pandemic may have further exacerbated loneliness but has yet to be explored in DDs. We plan to examine loneliness in adults impacted by DDs (adults and parents) in context of pandemic stress. Correlations and regression analyses will examine relationships between loneliness and pandemic stress, coping styles, anxiety, and depression.