Psychology Commons^™

Multiancestry Analysis Of The Hla Locus In Alzheimer’S And Parkinson’S Diseases Uncovers A Shared Adaptive Immune Response Mediated By Hla-Drb1*04 Subtypes, Yann Le Guen, Guo Luo, Aditya Ambati, Vincent Damotte, Iris Jansen, Eric Yu, Aude Nicolas, Itziar De Rojas, Thiago Peixoto Leal, Akinori Miyashita, Céline Bellenguez, Michelle Mulan Lian, Kayenat Parveen, Takashi Morizono, Hyeonseul Park, Benjamin Grenier-Boley, Tatsuhiko Naito, Fahri Küçükali, Seth D Talyansky, Selina Maria Yogeshwar, Vicente Sempere, Wataru Satake, Victoria Alvarez, Beatrice Arosio, Michael E Belloy, Luisa Benussi, Anne Boland, Barbara Borroni, María J Bullido, Paolo Caffarra, Jordi Clarimon, Antonio Daniele, Daniel Darling, Stéphanie Debette, Jean-François Deleuze, Martin Dichgans, Carole Dufouil, Emmanuel During, Emrah Düzel, Daniela Galimberti, Guillermo Garcia-Ribas, José María García-Alberca, Pablo García-González, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Oliver Goldhardt, Caroline Graff, Edna Grünblatt, Olivier Hanon, Lucrezia Hausner, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, Henne Holstege, Jakub Hort, Yoo Jin Jung, Deckert Jürgen, Silke Kern, Teemu Kuulasmaa, Kun Ho Lee, Ling Lin, Carlo Masullo, Patrizia Mecocci, Shima Mehrabian, Alexandre De Mendonça, Mercè Boada, Pablo Mir, Susanne Moebus, Fermin Moreno, Benedetta Nacmias, Gael Nicolas, Shumpei Niida, Børge G Nordestgaard, Goran Papenberg, Janne Papma, Lucilla Parnetti, Florence Pasquier, Pau Pastor, Oliver Peters, Yolande A L Pijnenburg, Gerard Piñol-Ripoll, Julius Popp, Laura Molina Porcel, Raquel Puerta, Jordi Pérez-Tur, Innocenzo Rainero, Inez Ramakers, Luis M Real, Steffi Riedel-Heller, Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Owen A Ross, Luis Jose Royo, Dan Rujescu, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Philip Scheltens, Norbert Scherbaum, Anja Schneider, Davide Seripa, Ingmar Skoog, Vincenzo Solfrizzi, Gianfranco Spalletta, Alessio Squassina, John Van Swieten, Raquel Sánchez-Valle, Eng-King Tan, Thomas Tegos, Charlotte Teunissen, Jesper Qvist Thomassen, Lucio Tremolizzo, Martin Vyhnalek, Frans Verhey, Margda Waern, Jens Wiltfang, Jing Zhang, Eadb, Gr@Ace Study Group, Degesco Consortium, Demgene, Eadi, Gerad, Asian Parkinson’S Disease Genetics Consortium, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Zihuai He, Julie Williams, Philippe Amouyel, Frank Jessen, Patrick G Kehoe, Ole A Andreassen, Cornelia Van Duin, Magda Tsolaki, Pascual Sánchez-Juan, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Kristel Sleegers, Tatsushi Toda, Anna Zettergren, Martin Ingelsson, Yukinori Okada, Giacomina Rossi, Mikko Hiltunen, Jungsoo Gim, Kouichi Ozaki, Rebecca Sims, Jia Nee Foo, Wiesje Van Der Flier, Takeshi Ikeuchi, Alfredo Ramirez, Ignacio Mata, Agustín Ruiz, Ziv Gan-Or, Jean-Charles Lambert, Michael D Greicius, Emmanuel Mignot

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. …

Think Again: The Role Of Reappraisal In Reducing Negative Valence Bias, Maital Neta, Nicholas R. Harp, Tien T. Tong, Claudia J. Clinchard, Catherine C. Brown, James J. Gross, Andero Uusberg

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Stimuli such as surprised faces are ambiguous in that they are associated with both positive and negative outcomes. Interestingly, people differ reliably in whether they evaluate these and other ambiguous stimuli as positive or negative, and we have argued that a positive evaluation relies in part on a biasing of the appraisal processes via reappraisal. To further test this idea, we conducted two studies to evaluate whether increasing the cognitive accessibility of reappraisal through a brief emotion regulation task would lead to an increase in positive evaluations of ambiguity. Supporting this prediction, we demonstrated that cuing reappraisal, but not in …

The Joy Of Watching The Film Arrival With Whitehead And O’Donohue, Tricia Mayer

Journal of Conscious Evolution

This paper offers a discussion of the film Arrival that is situated in the perspective of philosophers Alfred North Whitehead and John O’Donohue. The themes discussed include language, communication, context, time, and reality and includes a speculative perspective that the philosophers may have contributed to interpretation of the film’s meaning. It concludes with a view of the relevance of the film in light of current technology advances in artificial intelligence and with the authors own reflection on how this film is relevant to her current research inquiry on the topic of joy

Differences In Internalized Weight Stigma And The Treatment Of Clients In Larger Bodies Among Mental Health And Medical Professionals, Alexis Dosal

Dissertations

Weight is a complex interaction of several factors, including genetics, environment, adverse childhood experiences, culture, physiology, and emotional circumstances (Hale, 2019). By solely considering the categories of food consumption and individual activity, the belief of personal responsibility and controllability is perpetuated, which may lead to intentional or unintentional harm within interpersonal interactions and throughout medical services (Nutter et al., 2020). Weight bias refers to “stereotypes, negative attitudes, and discriminatory behavior toward individuals with larger bodies” (Nutter et al., 2020). Weight bias can be displayed as discomfort around those in larger bodies, holding beliefs that fat people are lazy or unattractive, …

Equity Among Equity Workers: Public Service Motivation In An Educational Nonprofit Organization, Russell C. West Jr

Theses and Dissertations

What opportunities and challenges arise when an equity-focused educational organization aims to support employee’s individual equity practices while simultaneously developing the organization’s equity practice? In this study, employees of a non-profit educational organization were asked what rationales and expectations played a role in their decision to volunteer in an equity working group. Their responses were used to understand whether Perry’s (2000) process theory of Public Service Motivation helped describe their decision. In a second round of interviews, employees were asked what outcomes they perceived came from their participation. These responses were used to understand whether the outcomes aligned with those …

Breaking Down Bias: A Comparative Analysis Of General Public And Police Officer Attitudes Toward Mental Illness And Officer Decision-Making In Mental Health Crises, Therese L. Todd

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Police responses to persons with mental illness (PMIs) compared to those without appear to be more likely to result in negative outcomes, underscoring the importance of understanding these interactions and the factors that may influence them. Relatively little research has examined officer attitudes toward mental illness, and no study has examined implicit bias toward mental illness among police officers or how police culture may impact outcomes in mental health crises. The present study sought to: 1) measure explicit and implicit bias toward PMIs among the general public and police officers to understand how these constructs may vary among these populations; …

Bargaining In The Shadow Of The Truth: How Client Assertion, Perception Of Guilt, And Predictive Inaccuracy Influence Plea Recommendations, Anna D. Vaynman

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Over the past few decades, the largely hidden, secretive, and widely used system of plea bargaining has caught the fervent attention of scholars. The Shadow of the Trial model has been central to much of the plea-bargaining literature, despite significant critiques about its oversimplification. The model posits that defendants and their attorneys make plea decisions based largely on the estimated probability of conviction and the severity of the sentence to which the defendant could be exposed at trial.

The model, however, assumes that all actors are rational, equally risk averse, have no competing interests, and possess high predictive accuracy. It …

Wanting Under Surveillance: A Critical Analysis Of Young Women’S Sexual Desire, Jennifer Chmielewski

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The negotiation of sexual desire is argued to be a vital part of the development of women’s sense of agency and well-being. Whereas desire is a concept that is widely used, measured, and diagnosed, women’s experiences of desire are poorly understood. Heeding the calls of feminist psychologists for conceptual analysis, and the need to examine desire within the multiple intimate and sociopolitical contexts in which sexuality develops, my dissertation is a critical feminist analysis of young women’s desire, centered on their subjective and embodied experiences. Moving beyond questions of what women desire or how much desire they have, I explore …

Epistemic Virtue And Receptivity To Science In Policing, Braden L. Campbell

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation investigates the underexplored relationship between character epistemology and its potential to explain behavior, decision-making, and culture within the criminal justice system, particularly the police. Building on the existing theoretical framework of evidence-based policing (EBP) and the recognized gap in understanding police receptivity to science, this study hypothesized that intellectual character at personal and collective levels positively correlates with science receptivity.

Epistemic character was defined through the aggregation of four traits: open-mindedness, defensiveness, insouciance, and groupthink. Science receptivity was measured by openness to change, desire to learn, reliance on intuition, and mistrust of science. Data were collected through surveys …

Typologies Of Battering: Uncovering Patterns Of Coercive Tactics Used By Abusive Men In A Mixed Methods Study, Abbie L. Tuller

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Coercive control provides a current day feminist understanding of intimate partner violence (IPV). Recent research has demonstrated the significance of coercive control and suggests it provides a more accurate understanding of IPV than using physical violence alone. Utilizing a feminist lens, this study’s first aim was to explore if typologies based on coercive control could be developed. The second and third aims were to explore if demographic differences and differences in masculinity exist across typologies. The final aim of this study was to continue the feminist understanding of IPV using the moral emotions of shame and guilt as an extension …

Tongues Out Of Place: Narratives Of Hereness And Images Of Be(Long)Ing, Christopher Hoffman

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

What is the role of the psychologist during times of gentrification, climate change, and inequity? Using Hall & Massey’s (2010) term conjunctural crisis, or the overlapping of multiple disasters that bleed into each other, I argue that psychologists have a responsibility to combat social inequity and work towards tangible strategies in collaboration with communities to dismantle structures of oppression. In times of gentrification and climate change, I argue that psychologists must play a role in promoting public science, a praxis of research committed to applying social science with communities in order to work towards social justice and build a more …

Parallel Processes Of Posttraumatic Stress And Metabolic Dysfunction: Long-Term Costs Of Trauma On The Psychological And Physical Health Of 9/11 Survivors, Shane W. Adams

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Metabolic conditions (MetC) have been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and may be critical indicators of the systemic physical sequelae of traumatic stress. Parallel process latent growth modeling wasapplied to longitudinal data collected from 35,788 9/11 survivors and used to model PTSD symptoms and MetC to determine how the development and course of one affect the other. A unidirectional relationship was found in which the intercept of PTSD symptoms predicted the slope of MetC. Hyperarousal (ß=.172) and emotional numbing (ß=.171) PTSD symptoms demonstrated the strongest association with the growth of MetC over and above …

Examinations Of The Close Relationship Processes And Health Framework Among Adult And Adolescent Sexual Minority Men, Trey Victor Dellucci

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Despite advancements in biomedical preventions for HIV, sexual minority males continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV. Previous research has estimated that up to two thirds of HIV incidence among sexual minority male adults occur between main partners. In the past decade, a growing number of studies and intervention trials have focused on main relationships as a context for HIV. Much of this work has focused on adult relationships and has been grounded in interdependence theory and highlighted the importance of relationship functioning in facilitating the decisions couples make around condom use. Fewer studies, however, have examined the association between …

Abuse Victimization And Impulsivity In Incarcerated Males: Examining The Roles Of Affective Instability And Trauma Symptoms, Jacqueline K. Douglas

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Incarcerated individuals with a history of physical and/or sexual abuse have been found to exhibit increased levels of impulsivity compared to those with no abuse history (Carli et al., 2014; Davis et al., 2017; Sergentanis et al., 2014). Given that impulsivity is a risk factor for criminal delinquency (Carroll et al., 2006; Kamaluddin et al., 2015; Zimmerman, 2010), it is important to gain a thorough understanding of psychological factors that may contribute to higher levels of impulsivity in incarcerated populations. The present study examined the mechanisms underlying the relationship of physical and/or sexual abuse history to impulsivity in a sample …

Does The Apoe-Ε4 Allele Differentially Influence Cognition: A Longitudinal Investigation In Healthy Older Adults At Risk For Alzheimer’S Disease, Aditya Kulkarni

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Background: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is the strongest susceptibility factor for sporadic, late-onset, Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, not all persons who carry the ε4 allele show significant cognitive decline, and thus do not progress to dementia. The impact of the ε4 allele on memory decline has been documented primarily in populations already demonstrating cognitive impairment (i.e., those with mild cognitive impairment or dementia), with fewer investigations completed in baseline healthy older adults. Investigations of the ε4 allele and its influence on non-memory domains are also sparse in the literature. Furthermore, these cognitive investigations are typically cross-sectional and …

How Smoking Became A Moral Issue: A Complex Systems Perspective On Moralization, Matthew Vanaman

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

When something is morally wrong, it is in the moral domain; when something becomes morally wrong, it is moralized. But how do we know when something is in the moral domain, and how can we tell whether something is becoming moralized? The empirical study of morality, or a given person’s judgment of what constitutes moral virtue or vice, has historically approached these questions through one of three theoretical perspectives: cognitivism, which argues that people primarily or mostly use effortful thought to judge right from wrong; emotivism, which sees these judgments as flowing from emotion; and dual-process models, which …

Examining The Prevalence And Psychopathological Correlates Of Paraphilic Interests In A Non-Clinical Sample, Dylan H. Abrams

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The paraphilias are among the most contentious diagnoses in contemporary psychological discourse. One of the major debates is over the extent to which paraphilic interests and behaviors should be considered “deviant.” To address this issue, extant research has examined the prevalence of paraphilic interests and their correlation with psychopathology. Though findings suggest that certain paraphilic interests are relatively common, existing data may misrepresent true prevalence rates due to racially and ethnically homogenous sampling. Additionally, though an association between paraphilias and psychopathology has been found in forensic and clinical samples, this relation may not generalize to all individuals with paraphilic interests. …

Experimental Evidence That Browsing For Activewear Lowers Explicit Body Image Attitudes And Implicit Self-Esteem In Women, Ross C. Hollett, Melanie Challis

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Online apparel shopping is popular amongst women and offers salient visual information for making body image and self-worth judgements. Apparel segments which emphasize the value of women's bodies are particularly effective for eliciting low body image and self-worth. Across two studies, we investigated the association between self-reported and experimental online activewear exposure on women's self-worth, body image, appearance attitudes, mood and gaze behavior. In Study 1, participants (N = 399) completed a survey collecting their online apparel shopping habits, body appreciation, self-esteem, appearance comparison tendencies and self-objectification attitudes. Activewear was the second-most popular apparel segment amongst women (after casualwear) and …

Parental Support And Adolescents’ Coping With Academic Stressors: A Longitudinal Study Of Parents’ Influence Beyond Academic Pressure And Achievement, Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck, Ellen A. Skinner, Tanya Hawes, Riley A. Scott, Katherine M. Ryan, Amanda L. Duffy

Psychology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Adolescents face many academic pressures that require good coping skills, but coping skills can also depend on social resources, such as parental support and fewer negative interactions. The aim of this study was to determine if parental support and parental negative interactions concurrently and longitudinally relate to adolescents’ ways of academic coping, above and beyond the impact of three types of academic stress, students’ achievement at school (i.e., grades in school), and age. Survey data were collected from 839 Australian students in grades 5 to 10 (Mage = 12.2, SD = 1.72; 50% girls). Students completed measures of support and …

Evaluating The Chief Of Staff Of The Air Force 2016 Initiative To Revitalize The Squadron: A Thematic Content Analysis Of Appreciative Inquiry Mechanisms, John M. Huntz

Theses and Dissertations

A thorough thematic analysis and literature review were undertaken to understand better the integration of AI mechanisms within the Revitalize the Squadron initiative. To facilitate the initiative's implementation, the aim is to provide commanders with practical instances, dimensions, findings, and results. Throughout the coding process, instances of AI’s mechanisms were discovered in the literature. The link between PE and HQR boosted the overall vitality within the squadron, where vitality was determined to be the goal. AI, as a whole, was not found in the literature, but the analysis determined that the Revitalize the Squadron initiative was “Appreciative” in nature.

A Mental Health Needs Assessment Of Students Attending An Alternative High School, Kelly Sachdev

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Research suggests that students who attend urban or alternative schools experience higher rates of poverty, family instability, and violence victimization. These risk factors can result in higher rates of depression, school absences, and lower academic performance. This needs assessment explores the mental health needs of students at a low-income, urban, alternative high school in Southern California from the perspective of students, teachers, and staff in order to better understand the stressors and mental health needs of this vulnerable population. Four focus groups were conducted with students (n = 9), teachers (n = 7), and staff (n = 13). Audio files …

Sleep, Body Dissatisfaction, And Eating Among Adolescents, Megan White

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Sleep difficulties in adolescence have been linked to greater impulsivity, negative affect, propensity to interpret neutral stimuli as negative, and higher rates of anxiety and depressive symptomatology (Van Dyk, 2016). However, minimal research has looked at the relationship among sleep difficulties, emotional eating, and body dissatisfaction within this population. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to explore the relationship among sleep difficulties, emotional eating, and body dissatisfaction among adolescents aged 12-18 years. Specifically, the current study stands to 1) confirm the relationship between emotional eating and body dissatisfaction; 2) test if sleep difficulties are related to emotional eating; …

Non-Pharmacological Interventions For Alzheimer’S Disease Patients, Mariam Hanna

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) research often focuses on the pharmacological treatment and neurological basis of the disease. However, in the absence of disease-modifying treatments, interventions that target symptom reduction may improve quality of life and delay institutionalization. Given the limitations and risks associated with pharmacological AD treatments, this paper reviews non-pharmacological interventions to improve memory function and reduce symptoms of depression in patients with AD including music therapies, Cognitive Rehabilitation, and Bright Light Therapy.

Depression As A Mediator Between Combat Deployment And Substance Use Among Veterans, Brooke Kania Millham

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Individuals who deploy to combat zones often develop increased rates of substance use problems, which may be due to self-medication for depressive symptoms. This study used logistic simple mediation analyses with bootstrapping to test whether depression mediates the relationship between combat zone experience and substance dependence or abuse (alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, opioids, other illicit drugs, and concurrent substance misuse) among military veterans via secondary data analysis of the 2013 to 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH; N = 14,121; 87.9% male; 54.4% age 50+; 75.2% white; 34.5% with combat zone experience). Analysis revealed that depression was only …

Apoe Risk Disclosure: A Review Of Positive And Negative Outcome, Stacey Rowcliffe

Dissertations

Two of this century’s most significant healthcare challenges are Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment, with 40 million people suffering from the diseases. In fact, a conservative estimate projects that both conditions will double every 20 years until 2050. Alzheimer’s disease involves memory impairment, disorientation, confusion, and various problematic behaviors. Presently, no prevention method or cure has been discovered for Alzheimer’s. Mild cognitive impairment typically includes problems with memory, language, thinking, and judgment beyond those typical of one’s age. Usually, these symptoms do not interfere with daily activities but do not improve and have been linked with a risk of …

Trauma Mediating The Severity Of Depressive Symptoms In Veterans With Ptsd, Meghan Curtin

Dissertations

Trauma serves as a risk factor for developing both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. The purpose of this study was to examine trauma type as a mediator in the relationship between gender and severity of depressive symptoms among veterans with PTSD. The literature shows trauma type plays a role in developing PTSD and depressive symptoms. The first hypothesis was that female veterans who met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD would report higher levels of depressive symptoms than their male counterparts. The second hypothesis was that this gender difference would be partly mediated by levels of interpersonal trauma experience. Self-report …

You Hurt My Feelings: Autonomic And Behavioral Responses To Social Exclusion And The Moderating Effect Of Psychopathic Traits, Liat Kofler

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Humans have a fundamental need to form and maintain social connections, and thus experiencing social exclusion is extremely distressing as it threatens this basic human need. Individuals who are socially excluded often respond aggressively, not only towards their ostracizers but also towards innocent bystanders, with ostracism being implicated in extreme acts of violence such as school shootings. However, individual differences in behavior exist within the context of social exclusion as not everyone responds aggressively after being ostracized. Identifying risk factors for retaliatory aggressive behavior following experiences of social exclusion may facilitate the development of targeted interventions aimed at mitigating such …

The Effects Of Isolated Affordances On Preschool Counting Improvement When Using A Digital Coloring App, Katherine Papazian

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Counting is an important preschool math skill that is necessary for building a strong foundation in mathematics. Previous research has demonstrated that guided counting activities can improve counting ability in preschoolers and that drawing on paper while learning can deepen processing, but research has not included digital drawing as a potential means of deepening processing while children count. This study developed a novel touch-screen app, which used a guided coloring activity to encourage effective counting skills and serve as a home numeracy tool that could be employed by all parents, including those with math anxiety. To evaluate the benefits of …

Attenuated Typicality Effect In Category-Based Inferences: Implications For Autism Spectrum Disorder, Janani Rajagopalan

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often encounter challenges in assimilating atypical exemplars into their categorical prototypes, a cognitive hurdle that can impact their interpretative and integrative capacities. Addressing this problem, the present research sought to develop a robust methodological approach to reduce the effect of this disparity. We examined the elements embedded within the category's internal structure, with the intention of experimentally attenuating the pronounced typicality effect, which is often exaggerated in ASD.

Across four experiments, the thesis investigated the cognitive and neural underpinnings that shape the access to the typicality gradient intrinsic to a category's structure. The …

Burnout And Depression In Teachers And Members Of Other Occupational Groups: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analyses On Potentially Overlapping Conditions, Gail Swingler

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Burnout has long been recognized as a workplace issue among teachers, and other occupational groups. Burnout has potentially been increasing during the Covid-19 pandemic. Researchers tend to regard burnout as a distinct syndrome comprising emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and reduced personal accomplishment (rPA). Recent evidence suggests that burnout (as a tripartite syndrome) lacks discriminant validity vis-à-vis depression. The overlap between burnout and depression was examined through two meta-analytic studies.

The first study (K = 13) examined the relationship between burnout and depression in teachers with burnout assessed using the MBI. The findings indicated that exhaustion (EE), and depression …