Biology Commons^™

A Comparative Study Of The Parasite Of Certain Salientia From Pocahontas State Park, Virginia, Ronald Arthur Campbell

Master's Theses

Four species of salientia representing three selected habitats were collected from May 5th through October 4th, 1966 and examined for parasites. Of the 116 host specimens, 30 were Rana catesbeiana Shaw; 29 clamitans Latreille; 29 Bufo fowleri Hinckley; 28 Hyla versi­color (Le Conte). A total of 34 species of parasites was recovered: Protozoa, 10; Trematoda, 9 ; Cestoda, 2; Nematoda, 11; Acanthocephala, 1; and Acarina, 1.

Although a relatively small number of hosts was examined , the results generally agree with those found in more extensive investigations of similar type. The aquatic hosts, R. catesbeiana and R. clamitans, harbored the …

The Distribution Of Three Taxa Of Peromyscus In Central Washington, Gay Harold Engelsen

All Master's Theses

One aspect of the study was to define the present ranges of all types of Peromyscus in the study area; the other to determine the extent of interfertility of the groups.

Ecological Distribution Of The Genus Peromyscus In The Sandia Mountains, New Mexico, Don E. Wilson

Biology ETDs

The Sandia Mountains in central New Mexico present an opportunity not often available for comparative studies of mice of the genus Peromyscus. Five species of Peromyscus are present in the range. Most investigators have been able to study only two or three naturally coexisting species of Peromyscus (McCabe and Blanchard, 1950; Dice, 1942; Jameson, 1951). Naylor (1964) described the vegetation, geography, and climate of the Sandia Mountains and Tatschl (1966) described bird distribution. A bioecological study of the Juan Tabo area is also available (Parker, 1949). The present study represents an attempt to elucidate the distribution of five species of …

Viability, Fecundity, And Longevity Of Heterozygous Combinations Of Lethal And Nonlethal Secon Chromosomes Of Drosophila Melanogaster, Jagadeesh Pyati

Biology ETDs

Homozygous lethal and nonlethal second chromosomes were isolated by the Cy-technique from a laboratory population of Drosophila melanogaster and placed opposite dp chromosomes to study the viability, fecundity, and longevity of heterozygotes. Viability was determined by testing 12 lethal and six non lethal chromosomes. Males heterozygous for the Cy and the test chromosomes were mated with dp/dp females. From the progeny, dp/+ males were crossed to dp/dp females. From the progeny, dp/+ males were crossed to dp/dp females. The relative proportion of dp/+ flies in the progeny would be expected to be the same in lethal and nonlethal classes if …

A Floristic Study Of The San Pedro Parks Wild Area, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, Annehara K. Tatschl

Biology ETDs

A floristic study was conducted in the San Pedro Parks Wild Area located in the San Pedro Mountain. The core of this mountain is granitic and of Precambrian origin. Average annual precipitation varies from 17 to 30 inches. In the San Pedro Parks perennial water flow exists, and the soils absorb and store a high percentage of precipitation. As a result, mesic species of plants predominate over xeric species. Nine collection sites were selected to represent the three life zones present in the San Pedro Parks and to represent the various habitats within the life zones. Each collection site was …

Slave-Raids Of The Ant Polyergus Lucidus Mayr, Mary Talbot

Faculty Scholarship

Since slave-making raids of t,he genus Polyergus are conspicuous and spectacular, they have been studied by a number of myrmecologists. Among these are Wheeler 9 IO), Forel (I928), Creighton (95o), and Dobrzanska and Dobrzanski (96o). This paper concerns the eastern "shining slave-maker," Polyeryus lucidus Mayr, on the. Edwin S. (]eorge Reserve in southeastern Michigan (Livingston County). Twenty-five colonies of this species have been found, scattered quite widely over the fields, on the a square miles of the Reserve. Most .of the. fields tend to be dry, wit’h Canada bluegrass (Poa compressa L.) the dominant grass and with forbes .such as …

A Review Of The Bounty System As A Method Of Controlling Undesirable Animal Populations In Houston County, Minnesota (1883-1965), Robert E. Munkel, Calvin R. Fremling

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The bounty system has been in effect for 82 years in Houston County, Minnesota. Over $170,000 in bounties have been paid during that time for wolves, foxes, rattlesnakes, pocket gophers, striped gophers, woodchucks, and crows. Over 7,000 rattlesnakes have been bountied in a single year. A family of semi-professional bounty hunters collected 2,511 rattlesnakes in one year. With the possible exception of wolves, the bounty system has had little apparent effect in controlling animal populations in Houston County. Habitat change has been primarily responsible for the decrease in numbers of wolves and for the rapid increase in numbers of red …

Soil-Vegetation Relationships Of A Blue Shale-Limy Upland Range Site In Ellis County, Kansas, Larry D. Zavesky

Fort Hays Studies Series

The objective of this study was to determine the soil-vegetation relationships of a blue shale-limy upland range site. Vegetative composition and production were determined for each soil within the range site. Some of the more important physical and chemical properties, such as texture, depth of development, and general fertility, were determined for each soil.

Mammalian Distribution Within Biotic Communities Of Northeastern Jewell County, Kansas, Kenneth W. Andersen, Eugene D. Fleharty

Fort Hays Studies Series

The purpose of this investigation was threefold. First, to obtain as complete a list as possible of mammals occuring in the area through collecting and observational procedures. Second, to determine their specific distribution within the study area, and third, to correlate and elucidate the relationships between their distribution and the major vegetational regions within the study area.

Phospholipids Of Thiobacillus Thiooxidans, J. M. Shively, A. A. Benson

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Cells and spent growth media from sulfur- and thiosulfate-grown cultures of Thiobacillus thiooxidans were analyzed. The phosphatides were examined by thinlayer chromatography, and the products of their hydrolysis by hydrochloric acid and methanolic potassium hydroxide were separated by paper chromatography. The phospholipids in both cells and spent growth media were identified as phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl N-monomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol, and diphosphatidyl glycerol. These comprised about 97% of the total lipid phosphorus. Lyso-phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylglycerol accounted for the remaining 3%. The percentage of the total lipid phosphorus accounted for by each phospholipid depended on the age of the culture.

Ontogeny And Anatomy Of The Flower Of Limnocharis Flava (Butomaceae), Robert B. Kaul

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The flowers of Limnocharis flava (L.) Buch. are borne in an indeterminate umbel and each consists of three sepals, three yellow petals, and about 18 carpels surrounded by numerous stamens and staminodia. The androecium is centrifugally developed, and the last-formed members are staminodial; it is supplied by branching vascular systems. Carpels arise almost simultaneously, and a prominent residual floral apex remains. The carpels are partially conduplicately closed and are also primitive in possessing laminar placentation and in lacking differentiation of a style. The gynoecium is essentially apocarpous, but there are slight fusions of adjacent carpels near their ventral margins where …

A Metabolic Study Of The Isolated Perfused Snake Liver, James E. Turner

Master's Theses

A metabolic study was made on the isolated, perfused liver of Natrix fasciata fasciata (Linnaeus, 1776). Uric acid production, perfusate protein levels, serum protein patterns, perfusate glucose levels, and bile production were evaluated in this study as criteria of liver function.

The perfused liver was found to produce uric acid up through the fourth hour of perfusion. No significant differences (between the perfusions) were found in uric acid production/ gm of liver tissue.

Perfusate protein and glucose levels were found to be of a fluctuating or cyclic nature. There was found to be an inverse relationship between these two levels: …

Interference Of Ultraviolet Inactivated Parainfluenza 3 And Echo 21 Viruses With The Active Viruses In Tissue Culture, William Ernest Steinmetz

Master's Theses

Experiments were conducted to investigate the possibility of the production of interference by ultraviolet inactivated (UVI) Parainfluenza 3 (Para 3) and Echo 21 viruses with active Para 3 and Echo 21 viruses in tissue culture (TC).

Four major experiments were conducted: the effect of UVI Para ~ on active Para 3 in rhesus monkey kidney cell (MKC) tissue culture; the effect of UVI Para 3 on active Para 3 in HEp-2 TC; the effect of UVI Para 3 on Echo 21 in MKC TC; and the effect of UV! Echo 21 on Echo 21 in MKC TC. The rates of …

Survey Of The Venezuelan Species Of Ficus, David Walter Hall

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

This study was undertaken to provide a circumscription of the genus Ficus in Venezuela. The material studied was representative of the collections that have been made throughout the country. A great portion of Venezuela is apparently unexplored botanically. With this in mind I have attempted to do as complete a study as possible with the material available with fully realizing the many limitations. this circumscription is intended as a starting point for future work,not a stopping place.

Seasonal Thermal Acclimation In A Population Of Iguanid Lizards (Sceloporous O. Occidentalis, Baird And Girard, 1852), Charles Stetson Greene

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Within the few years following the publications of the first studies on reptilian thermoregulation (Mosauer, 1936; Attsatt, 1939; Cowles and Bogert, 1944; and Strelnidov, 1944) there has been an increasing number of investigations concerned with the mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon. Many studies have demonstrated that heliothermic lizards maintain a relatively constant body temperature during per- iods of diurnal and seasonal activity. Much of this regulation is dependent upon behavior. An extensive review of thermoregulation in both lizards and snakes has been compiled by St. Girons and St. Girona (1956).

Digenetic Trematodes And Cestodes From Fishes Of The San Joaquin Delta, Stephen Richard Edwards

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

To date there has been only on major study concerned with parasites of freshwater fishes of California. E. C. Haderlie (1953) summarized investigations up to that year and conducted a general survey of the monogenetic and digenetic trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, acanthocephalans, copepods, and hirudinians of fishes of Northern California. From 2010 fishes representing 36 species of 11 families examined over a three-year period, he obtained a total of 59 species of helminth parasites, copepods, and hirudinians, which include 20 species of digenea and 16 species of cestodes. In addition to the taxonomic study, Haderlie attempted to correlate the relative occurrence …

The Effect Of Neurosecretions From The Cerebral Ganglia On Blood Glucose Levels In Lumbricus Terrestris, Joan Vanderpol Craig

Masters Theses

Introduction

The presence of neurosecretory cells in the suprapharyngeal ganglia of Lumbricus terrestris has been well established (B. and E. Scharrer, 1937). Since these cells may well be the only source of hormones in this organism (B. Scharrer, 1959), the question arises as to their role in the animal's regulation of metabolism The particular aspect of this problem investigated here concerns the effect of these neurosecretory substances on the blood glucose levels in L. terrestris.

Preliminary studies by this investigator on glucose levels in earthworms revealed that blood samples of approximately 15 microliters could be obtained from each animal and …

Studies Of Cesium-137 Metabolism By Blatta Orientalis In Various Thermal Environments, Tsin Fu Chuang

Biology ETDs

The effect of temperature on cesium-137 metabolism in the oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis, was studied. Adult and nymphal animals were fed cesium-137 to investigate the biological half-time, excretion rate, retention curve and distribution of the isotope among body tissues.

Metabolic rate studies at different temperatures showed an exponential relationship between oxygen consumption and temperature. The Q₁₀ was 2.56 for adults and 2.20 for nymphs in the 10 C – 35 C range.

Cesium-137 elimination rate increased as environmental temperature increased. The Q₁₀ for cesium-137 elimination was constant (1.2) over the 15 C – 35 C range and greatly …

Northern Geographic Limits Of Four Species Of Desert Rodents In The Rio Grande Valley., Antonio L. Gennaro

Biology ETDs

Pour species of desert rodents were studied 1n the Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico in an effort to detect the factor or factors excluding each one from areas north of their ranges. Their distributions were analyzed in relation to climate, vegetation, soil texture, and biotic competition.

The cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus) and rock pocket mouse (Perognathus intermedius} seem to be limited by temperature. Each is saxicolous and inhabits rocky outcrops as far north as certain isotherms for average annual maximal temperature, these being 71 F for£. eremicus and 69 F for~. intermedius. Occasionally the former inhabits nonrocky sites, but …

Sporicidal Efficiency Of Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Various Disinfectants, And Their Combinations For Four Strains Of Bacillus, William L. Lappenbusch

Biology ETDs

This study was concerned with the sporicidal efficiency of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), various disinfectants, and their combinations or complexes. Spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger (globigii), Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis (5230), and Bacillus stearothermophiluswere used to demonstrate the sporicidal activity of DMSO, phenol, Clorox, phenylmercuric nitrate, silver nitrate, Roccal, merthiolate, and iodine. Dimethyl sulfoxide has been shown in the past to enhance the penetration of neighboring substances which it encounters whether it be by the formation of a complex or by a reservoir effect in which DMSO causes a change in the osmotic concentrations on either side of a semipermeable …

Biochemical Properties Of Salmonella Potsdam Bacteriophage P4/2, Clyde L. Roggenkamp

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Over 90% recovery of phage P4/2 was realized with differential centrifugation concentration and purification, whereas only about 16% was recovered from the aqueous two-phase polymer - Genetron - ECTEOLA-cellulose column system. Purity of preparations was greatest with the density gradient centrifugation (A₂₆₀ = 2.66 and A₂₈₀ = 1.80 per 10¹² plaque-forming units). With the chemical system of concentration and purification followed by an ECTEOLA anion exchange run, the A₂₆₀ was 6.6 and the A₂₈₀ was 4.3.

Three tests were employed to determine the configuration of P4/2 DNA: (1) a formalin denaturation test, (2) a thermal …

A Comparative Approach Into The Differentiation Of Two Strains Of Staphylococci, Walter D. Hoeksema

Masters Theses

Introduction

The purpose of this investigation was to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus phage type 42D from Staphylococcus epidermidis.

The investigation involved four approaches to this differentiation. The first was a selective screening technique on specific media to point out physical and biochemical characteristics and to demonstrate the presence of specific enzymes. The second was a drug survey which was used to show basic susceptibility and resistance to ten different antibiotics. The third was ultra-violet irradiation which was used to discern susceptibility and resistance to the soft rays of this spectrum segment. The fourth was a chromatographic procedure using labeled carbon which …

The Effects Of Estrogenic And Gonadotrophic Hormones On Normal Levels Of Some Blood Chemical Constituents In The Non-Breeding Female Mallard Duck, Wendell F. Hofman

Masters Theses

Introduction

In past years, a substantial amount of research has centered on the levels of certain blood chemical constituents in birds, particularly in chickens and pigeons. However, little has been recorded concerning the blood chemical constituents of the mallard duck, Anas platyrhynshos. Likewise, the effects of hormones on its blood chemistry, in conjunction with its reproductive system, have been almost totally unexplored. Therefore, this study, conducted from October 14, 1965, to March 3, 1966, had as its purpose the determination of normal quantitative levels of certain blood chemical constituents (the electrolytes--calcium, sodium, potassium; the proteins--albumin and globulin; and lipids) and …

Isolation, Identification And Antibiotic Sensitivity Of Enteric Obligate Anaerobes In Cases Of Gastro-Enteritis, Gordon E. Newlin

Biology ETDs

Organisms capable of living in the absence of atmospheric oxygen were first described in 1861. However, it was not until almost forty years later that anaerobes were discovered to be associated with the human body. From 1900 until the present, most work with anaerobes concerned media and methods to promote the growth of these organisms. Their classification has been attempted, but their taxonomy still remains in a state of confusion. Rarely, and only in rather obvious cases, has the pathogenicity of these organisms been investigated. Consequently, these organisms and their relationship to pathogenicity remain relatively unknown to bacteriologists today.

Studies On The Effects Of Commercial Detergents On Cucumber And Barley, Marylu Elizabeth Mudd

Masters Theses

Introduction

The fact that large quantities of detergents daily are being added to our water table and the appearance of billows of foam at the shores of many inland bodies of water have caused alarm among biologists and sanitation engineers. However, few observations of the effects of synthetic detergents on living organisms other than bacteria have been recorded.

The purpose of these studies was (1) to determine the effects of several commercial non-biodegradable detergents, Tide, Dreft, and Alconox, and one biodegradable detergent, Living, upon the germination and root elongation of seeds of a monocotyledon, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and a …

Sexual Receptivity And Fertility Of Androgen Induced Persistent Estrous Rats, Norman Donald Diebel

Masters Theses

The effect of neonatally administered testosterone propionate (TP) on sexual receptivity and fertility was studied. Dosages of 25 μg and ten μg were used and were administered s.c. in peanut oil on the fifth day of life. Vaginal smears of the animals receiving 25 μg were begun at the age of 61 days and indicated that these animals exhibited modified estrous cycles. By 90 days of age, most of the animals in both dosage groups were in constant vaginal estrus. These prolonged periods of vaginal estrus were often interrupted only by mating.

At 97 days of age 40 females which …

Home Range Analysis Of The Montane Vole, Don Rogers Toews

All Master's Theses

This study on Microtus montanus was divided into three major sections: 1) An examination of nests, burrows, and runways, 2) A comparison of two methods of home range analysis--live trapping and radio-isotope tracing, and 3) A comparison of the home range of Microtus montanus with other species of Microtus as published in the literature.

Biosystematics And Life Histories Of The Peromyscus Guardia Group Of Mice And Peromyscus Eremicus (Rodentia: Cricetidae), Leonard R. Brand

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this project was to investigate the taxonomic relationship and the biology of Peromyscus eremicus, and the Peromyscus guardia group of mice from islands in the Gulf of California.

Hybridization experiments were conducted between P. eremicus and P. interparietalis ryckmani. They were interfertile and produced fertile hybrids. Peromyscus guardia did not breed in the laboratory.

Body and skull measurements for P. eremicus, P. interparietalis ryckmani, and their F₁ hybrids were analyzed by computing the discriminant functions and plotting a canonical scattergram. Peromyscus interparietalis ryckmani is quite distinct from P. eremicus. The hybrids were larger than either parent …

Breeding Birds Of The Sandia Mountains, John L. Tatschl

Biology ETDs

A field study was conducted during the summer and winter months of 1964 and 1965 to determine what birds breed and winter in the Sandia Mountains. Study plots were established in eight different plant communities from 10,600 feet in spruce-fir to 6,350 feet in Embudo Canyon. Of the 154 species noted, 89 were found to breed in the Sandias. Permanent residents, arrival and departure dates, total numbers of breeding pairs per 100 acres per plant community, and nests were recorded. Biomass was recorded for each species and each community. The occurrence in flocks, pairs, or singly and the beginning and …

Va Survey Of Intestinal Helminths Occurring In Dogs From Albuquerque, New Mexico, Ronald P. Hathaway

Biology ETDs

In recent years there have appeared numerous publications dealing with intestinal helminth of dogs and the relationships of these helminths to public health. Although several species of helminths that normally infect dogs recently have be found to infect humans, most of these parasites are unable to complete their life cycles in man and are destined to wander aimlessly through tissues, bringing about a condition known as visceral larva migrans. The importance of such helminths as Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma canium in relation to human disease has been pointed out by Beaver et al. (1952) and Beaver (1956, 1959).