Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (66)
- Plant Biology (47)
- Plant Sciences (47)
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (34)
- Earth Sciences (32)
-
- Microbiology (30)
- Hydrology (18)
- Geology (14)
- Chemistry (11)
- Environmental Sciences (9)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (8)
- Public Health (8)
- Physics (6)
- Oil, Gas, and Energy (5)
- Atmospheric Sciences (4)
- Biochemistry (4)
- Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology (4)
- Computer Sciences (4)
- Environmental Health (4)
- Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology (4)
- Pharmacology (4)
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health (4)
- Toxicology (4)
- Agriculture (1)
- Animal Sciences (1)
- Food Science (1)
- Integrative Biology (1)
- Other Animal Sciences (1)
- Keyword
-
- Biological Sciences (177)
- Physical Sciences (61)
- Tanzania (40)
- Mathematics and Computational Sciences (11)
- Lake Victoria (10)
-
- Fish (8)
- Antibacterial activity (7)
- Antimicrobial activity (7)
- Antimicrobial (6)
- Cytotoxicity (6)
- Diversity (6)
- Fisheries (6)
- Dar es Salaam (5)
- Mammals (5)
- Pollution (5)
- Sediments (5)
- Species diversity (5)
- Conservation (4)
- Ecosystem (4)
- Escherichia coli (4)
- Forest (4)
- Genetic diversity (4)
- Kihansi gorge (4)
- Malaria (4)
- Mangrove (4)
- Phytoplankton (4)
- Prevalence (4)
- Reintroduction (4)
- Antibacterial (3)
- Antifungal (3)
Articles 1 - 30 of 249
Full-Text Articles in Biology
The Helminthic Status Of Selected Tanzanian Subterranean Rodents, The Root-Rats (Spalacidae: Tachyoryctes Splendens) And Emini Silvery Mole-Rats (Bathyergidae: Heliophobius Argenteocinereus Emini), Jestina V. Katandukila
The Helminthic Status Of Selected Tanzanian Subterranean Rodents, The Root-Rats (Spalacidae: Tachyoryctes Splendens) And Emini Silvery Mole-Rats (Bathyergidae: Heliophobius Argenteocinereus Emini), Jestina V. Katandukila
Tanzania Journal of Science
Root-rats (Tachyoryctes splendens) and emini silvery mole-rats (Heliophobius argenteocinereus emini) are common subterranean rodents that are essential component of the ecosystem. They serve as prey for small to medium-sized carnivores and birds of prey but their role as hosts to parasites is limited. The present study, explored the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) contents of 40 rodents (20 T. splendens and 20 H. a. emini, respectively) to acquire information on parasites diversity of these mammals. The GIT contents from subterranean rodents in a sex ratio of 1:1 were examined under a compound microscope to isolate helminths. The isolated helminths belonged to the …
Short- Term Effects Of Cypermethrin Pesticide On Nutrient Levels And Microbial Communities In Tropical Soil Of Uganda, Mama N. Simon
Short- Term Effects Of Cypermethrin Pesticide On Nutrient Levels And Microbial Communities In Tropical Soil Of Uganda, Mama N. Simon
Tanzania Journal of Science
Cypermethrin is an insecticide widely used by farmers in Uganda to control pests and diseases. The widespread use leads to biomagnification, affecting humans and the ecosystem. This study examined the short-term effects of cypermethrin on soil macronutrients (N, P, K), meso-nutrients (Ca, Mg), and microbial communities (bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes) in tropical Ugandan soils. Soil samples treated with cypermethrin and control were collected and analysed using standard methods of flame photometry for potassium (K), atomic absorption spectroscopy for calcium and magnesium, Wet-acid oxidation for nitrogen and phosphorus, and standard plate count techniques for microbial populations. The study used a Randomized …
The Influence Of Chlorophyll-A And Sea Surface Temperature On Anchovy Catch Trends (2011-2024) In Kilwa, Tanzania, Renatus Shigi, Prosper L. Mfilinge
The Influence Of Chlorophyll-A And Sea Surface Temperature On Anchovy Catch Trends (2011-2024) In Kilwa, Tanzania, Renatus Shigi, Prosper L. Mfilinge
Tanzania Journal of Science
Anchovies exhibit varying trends in catch worldwide, with some regions experiencing declines in catch due to overfishing and environmental changes, while others remain stable or experience increases. Kilwa is among the most productive small pelagic fisheries along the Tanzanian coast. This study aimed to investigate the influence of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) on anchovy catch trends in Kilwa. The study further examined the relationship between catch per unit effort (CPUE) and total anchovy catch, as well as its implications for fisheries management. The study was conducted at two sites: Kilwa Kivinje and Kilwa Masoko during both the …
Genetic Characterization Of Water Yam (Dioscorea Alata L.) And Production Constraints Of Yam In Pwani Region And Unguja Island, Tanzania, Gladness E Temu, Veneranda E Mlegi, Nessie D Luambano
Genetic Characterization Of Water Yam (Dioscorea Alata L.) And Production Constraints Of Yam In Pwani Region And Unguja Island, Tanzania, Gladness E Temu, Veneranda E Mlegi, Nessie D Luambano
Tanzania Journal of Science
Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a tuber crop cultivated in over 30% of all regions in Tanzania, contributing to the carbohydrate needs of many households. The morphological and genetic diversity of water yam (D. alata L.) local cultivars collected from Pwani region and Unguja Island were evaluated using 26 agro-morphological characters and 10 Short Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. Cluster analysis using morphological characters classified nine water yam local cultivars into two main clusters with three subclusters. Tuber flesh and leaf colour were the main descriptors for clustering. The genetic diversity of 128 water yam genotypes using ten polymorphic SSR markers generated …
Modelling The Combined Use Of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets And Insecticides Zooprophylaxis Against The Resilience Of Anopheles Arabiensis For Effective Malaria Control, Watson Levens
Tanzania Journal of Science
Malaria is a significant public health concern, especially in tropical regions. It remains endemic in many areas where malaria mosquitoes are prevalent. This study investigates the viability of insecticide zooprophylaxis (IZ) in conjunction with Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) as a strategic approach to combat malaria transmission, particularly in regions dominated by zoophagic vectors. Through the presentation and analysis of a mathematical model that integrates IZ and LLINs for the control of Anopheles arabiensis (An. arabiensis), the research underscores IZ's role in reducing zoophagic vector populations and enhancing malaria control efforts. Notably, the study reveals that achieving comprehensive coverage of …
Modelling And Mapping Of Forest Biodiversity Indicators Using Sentinel-2 And Planetscope Remotely Sensed Data, Diana L. Tesha, Ernest W. Mauya, Sami D. Madundo
Modelling And Mapping Of Forest Biodiversity Indicators Using Sentinel-2 And Planetscope Remotely Sensed Data, Diana L. Tesha, Ernest W. Mauya, Sami D. Madundo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Tropical montane forests harbour exceptionally high biodiversity yet face severe threats from human activities. Assessing forest biodiversity over large areas is crucial yet extremely challenging. Remote sensing provides an efficient monitoring solution, but few studies have focused on Tanzania's diverse, montane forests. We collected field data on tree species composition within 159 plots across montane forests in Tanzania's West Usambara region. We calculated species richness, evenness, and Shannon diversity index as indicators of tree diversity. Using Sentinel-2 and PlanetScope satellite imagery, we derived spectral, textural, and vegetation index predictors to model these indices via generalized additive models and extreme gradient …
Molecular Characterisation Of Traditional Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) Populations From Nachingwea And Newala Districts In Tanzania, Hussein R. Chiumbi, Hashim M. Mangosongo
Molecular Characterisation Of Traditional Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) Populations From Nachingwea And Newala Districts In Tanzania, Hussein R. Chiumbi, Hashim M. Mangosongo
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study assessed the genetic diversity of 120 selected cashew plants from Nachingwea and Newala traditional cashew populations, comprising of 60 cashew plants from each population. Eight Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) makers were used to ascertain the extent of genetic variation within and between the two traditional cashew populations. Genomic DNA extraction and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were performed using standard protocols. The results showed that all SSR markers were polymorphic. Average Polymorphic Information Content (PIC), heterozygosity, number of alleles per locus, allelic frequency and Shannon’s Index were 0.540, 0.721, 3.391, 0.666 and 0.649, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance results …
Microbial Quality Of Fresh Juices Sold By Street Vendors And Associated Human Health Risks: The Case Of Ilala Ward, Dar Es Salaam City, Tanzania, Juliana I. Rubaratuka, Godwill D. Mrema, Thomas J. Lyimo
Microbial Quality Of Fresh Juices Sold By Street Vendors And Associated Human Health Risks: The Case Of Ilala Ward, Dar Es Salaam City, Tanzania, Juliana I. Rubaratuka, Godwill D. Mrema, Thomas J. Lyimo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Microbial food quality serves to indicate health risks associated with the consumption of contaminated foods. This study aimed to determine the microbial quality of fresh juices and the level of awareness and perception of the consumers and juice vendors at Ilala Ward, Dar es Salaam. Fresh samples of sugarcane, mango and mixed fruit juices were collected from four different sampling stations and analysed using standard methods for Total Coliform (TC), Faecal Coliform (FC) and Total Viable Count (TVC). The level of awareness and perception of 60 juice vendors and 60 consumers were also assessed by using questionnaires. The results showed …
Population Genetic Structure And Demographic History Of Opsaridium Microcephulum Along Lake Nyasa, Alex Nehemia, Alinanuswe J. Mwakalesi
Population Genetic Structure And Demographic History Of Opsaridium Microcephulum Along Lake Nyasa, Alex Nehemia, Alinanuswe J. Mwakalesi
Tanzania Journal of Science
The Sanjika, Opsaridium microcephalum is among the fish species that serve as a major source of proteins and income to people along Lake Nyasa. However, the information on its genetic diversity and structure particularly in the Tanzania part of the Lake is limited. Therefore, the assessment of the genetic diversity and structure of O.microcephalum along the Lake Nyasa part of Tanzania was conducted in the current study using a fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene from 92 individuals of O. microcephalum. The findings showed that an average haplotype diversity and average nucleotide diversity were 0.8065 ± 0.0314 and 0.002380 ± …
Evaluation Of The Modulatory Effects Of Capsicum Chinensis Methanol Extract In Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Neuropathic Pain In Mice, Babatunde A. Alabi, Adeyinka Aderonmu, Sodiq K. Lawal, Okot-Asi T. Nku-Ekpang, Mayowa Ajayi, Olugbenga E. Iwalewa
Evaluation Of The Modulatory Effects Of Capsicum Chinensis Methanol Extract In Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Neuropathic Pain In Mice, Babatunde A. Alabi, Adeyinka Aderonmu, Sodiq K. Lawal, Okot-Asi T. Nku-Ekpang, Mayowa Ajayi, Olugbenga E. Iwalewa
Tanzania Journal of Science
Diabetes is one of the common causes of neuropathic pain. The first-line treatment drugs used in alleviating neuropathic pain can cause adverse effects. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the analgesic property of Capsicum chinensis, since the plant was reported to be used against chronic pain in traditional medicine. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was adopted to model neuropathy in mice and the antihyperalgesic effect of the extract was evaluated using a hot plate test, cold allodynia test, and Randall- Selitto paw pressure test. The plasma level of pain-associated inflammatory biomarkers like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tissue necrotic factor-α (TNF-α) was …
Woody Plant Assemblages Of Recently Declared Village Land Forest Reserve In The Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot, Samora Macrice Andrew
Woody Plant Assemblages Of Recently Declared Village Land Forest Reserve In The Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot, Samora Macrice Andrew
Tanzania Journal of Science
Understanding of species composition of village land forest reserves and their driving factors informs adequate development of effective restoration strategies and sustainable forest management of miombo woodlands. This study assessed the effects of human disturbance as well as environmental variables on woody plant species composition using 24 square plots of 10 x 10 m in a recently declared village land forest reserve in the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot of Tanzania. Ordination analysis technique canonical correspondence analysis was used to identify important vegetation gradients and significant factors that explain the spatial variation in species composition of woody plants. Results showed that, …
Woody Species Composition, Structure, Regeneration Status And Carbon Storage Of Mkulazi Forest Reserve In Tanzania, Ezekiel E. Mwakalukwa, Christoganus John, Paulo J. Lyimo
Woody Species Composition, Structure, Regeneration Status And Carbon Storage Of Mkulazi Forest Reserve In Tanzania, Ezekiel E. Mwakalukwa, Christoganus John, Paulo J. Lyimo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Little is known about the status of forest condition and carbon storage potential of Mkulazi forest reserve (MFR) located in Morogoro District, Tanzania. This study was conducted to assess i) woody species composition, richness and diversity, ii) stand structure, iii) regeneration status and iv) carbon storage. Data collection for vegetation involved establishment of 100 concentric circular sample plots in the forest area of 65,710 ha. A total of 54 plant species for trees and shrubs with DBH ≥ 5 cm that belongs to 20 plant families were identified. The diversity of woody species was high (H’ = 3.11), while Stem …
Gene Flow Between The Wild Rice Species (Oryza Longistaminata) And Two Varieties Of Cultivated Rice (Oryza Sativa) In Kilombero District, Tanzania, Hashim M. Mangosongo, Emmarold E. Mneney, Bramwel Wanjala
Gene Flow Between The Wild Rice Species (Oryza Longistaminata) And Two Varieties Of Cultivated Rice (Oryza Sativa) In Kilombero District, Tanzania, Hashim M. Mangosongo, Emmarold E. Mneney, Bramwel Wanjala
Tanzania Journal of Science
The direction and rate of gene flow between the perennial wild rice species, O. longistaminata and cultivated rice, O. sativa was investigated using nine Microsatellite (SSR) markers. The study involved characterization of parental lines of two cultivated rice varieties and O. longistaminata and their F1 progenies. Presence of crop-specific alleles in the wild species or vice-versa was used as an indicator of occurrence of gene flow between the two species. The study revealed that gene flow between O. longistaminata and each of the two varieties of O. sativa occurs naturally. The direction of gene flow was mainly from the cultivated …
Potential Of Endophytic Fungal Isolates In Improving Productivity And Postharvest Marketable Fruit Qualities Of Tomato, Gabriel Michael, Emmanuel M. Sangu
Potential Of Endophytic Fungal Isolates In Improving Productivity And Postharvest Marketable Fruit Qualities Of Tomato, Gabriel Michael, Emmanuel M. Sangu
Tanzania Journal of Science
In Tanzania, low tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) yield and postharvest marketable fruit qualities remain significant limitations for tomato grower’s profit. Seven endophytic fungal isolates from pyrethrum and Lemongrass leaf and or flowers were evaluated to promote tomato productivity and fruit qualities. The isolates were inoculated by priming the seeds in spore suspension, and the variations in the number of germinated seeds, seedling vigour, yield and fruit qualities were compared across the treatments. It was observed that only three isolates induced more than 50% seed germination. Epf1 and Epl1 isolates showed significant promotion of seed germination (F 0.05 (pdf, 23) = 8.121 …
Potential Of Endophytic Fungal Isolates In Improving Productivity And Postharvest Marketable Fruit Qualities Of Tomato, Gabriel Michael, Emmanuel M. Sangu
Potential Of Endophytic Fungal Isolates In Improving Productivity And Postharvest Marketable Fruit Qualities Of Tomato, Gabriel Michael, Emmanuel M. Sangu
Tanzania Journal of Science
In Tanzania, low tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) yield and postharvest marketable fruit qualities remain significant limitations for tomato grower’s profit. Seven endophytic fungal isolates from pyrethrum and Lemongrass leaf and or flowers were evaluated to promote tomato productivity and fruit qualities. The isolates were inoculated by priming the seeds in spore suspension, and the variations in the number of germinated seeds, seedling vigour, yield and fruit qualities were compared across the treatments. It was observed that only three isolates induced more than 50% seed germination. Epf1 and Epl1 isolates showed significant promotion of seed germination (F 0.05 (pdf, 23) = 8.121 …
A Computational Study On The Impact Of Anchoring Groups On The Optical And Electronic Properties Of Triphenylamine-Based Dyes For Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications, Geradius Deogratias, Grace Kinunda
A Computational Study On The Impact Of Anchoring Groups On The Optical And Electronic Properties Of Triphenylamine-Based Dyes For Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications, Geradius Deogratias, Grace Kinunda
Tanzania Journal of Science
Anchoring groups are crucial for enhancing the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). For instance, cyanoacrylic acid serves as the primary anchoring group in DSSC due to its crucial elements required for effective electron transport. However, it suffers from degradation. To address this limitation, this study proposes alternative cyano-based anchoring groups for sensitizers. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT were used to investigate the optical and electronic properties of the dyes. The studied dyes (excluding the dye containing OH group) displayed three absorption bands within the visible and NIR regions. Low-energy peaks ranged from 498 to 576 nm, corresponding …
Ecological Correlates For Endemic And Threatened Amphibians In The Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve, Tanzania, Joseph M. Christopher, Wilirk Ngalason, John V. Lyakurwa
Ecological Correlates For Endemic And Threatened Amphibians In The Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve, Tanzania, Joseph M. Christopher, Wilirk Ngalason, John V. Lyakurwa
Tanzania Journal of Science
Information on habitat characteristics for endemic and threatened amphibians along the altitudinal gradient in the Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve (UNFR) is limited. We assessed habitat characteristics associated with the occurrence of endemic and threatened amphibians in the Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve between April and June 2022. Bucket pitfall traps, time-constrained audio-visual surveys, plots and opportunistic searching were used to study amphibians in 6 sites along elevational gradient from 600 m to 2100 m a.s.l. Eighteen amphibian species were recorded, thirteen of them being endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains, two near-endemic and three widely distributed. Among the species recorded, seven …
An Overlapped Sub-Array Hybrid Beamforming Architecture With Successive Interference Cancellation And Water-Filling In Massive Mimo Systems, Godwin Mruma Gadiel
An Overlapped Sub-Array Hybrid Beamforming Architecture With Successive Interference Cancellation And Water-Filling In Massive Mimo Systems, Godwin Mruma Gadiel
Tanzania Journal of Science
Over the years, wireless communication has significantly improved the data rate of mobile users. The key drive behind this success is the technological advancement in wireless communication. In the physical layer, hybrid beamforming has revolutionized the way signal reaches the user by constructively adding the signal at the destination thus improving the performance. Many researchers works have proposed different algorithms to solve for optimal hybrid beamforming. However, there is no single algorithm that can achieve both high spectral efficiency and energy efficiency at the same time. This work proposes a hybrid algorithm that combines successive interference cancellation and water filling …
Spirulina (Arthrospira Fusiformis, Gomont 1892) As A High-Quality Feed Ingredient For Nile Tilapia Fingerlings, Angelina Michael, Margareth S. Kyewalyanga, Charles V. Lugomela
Spirulina (Arthrospira Fusiformis, Gomont 1892) As A High-Quality Feed Ingredient For Nile Tilapia Fingerlings, Angelina Michael, Margareth S. Kyewalyanga, Charles V. Lugomela
Tanzania Journal of Science
A partially randomized experimental design was conducted to evaluate the effect and potential of spirulina species (Arthrospira fusiformis) isolated from Momela Lakes, Tanzania, on the growth, antioxidant capacity, feed utilization, and body composition of Nile tilapia fingerlings. Five dietary treatments were formulated, including spirulina meal at 5%, 10%, and 15% of the total diets, as well as control diets with freshwater shrimp or Lake Victoria sardine. The protein content of the experimental diets was 25, 28, and 35% for a treatment containing spirulina at 5, 10, and 15% inclusion, respectively, while the control diets had 35% crude protein each. After …
The Presence Of Unusual Foramina In The Femoral Intercondylar And Trochanteric Fossae On Skeletonized Individuals From Tanzania, Wilson Jilala, David Ngassapa, Ali Hamad
The Presence Of Unusual Foramina In The Femoral Intercondylar And Trochanteric Fossae On Skeletonized Individuals From Tanzania, Wilson Jilala, David Ngassapa, Ali Hamad
Tanzania Journal of Science
According to the standard nomenclature, skeletal land marks are all identified by their given names in the world of human skeletal anatomy. But it is also clear that the discovery of new anatomical features continues because human beings have so many anatomical variations caused by genetics, functions, geographical adaptations, and diseases; they are all described and given names. Therefore, an anatomical feature that is rare and undescribed is certainly a discovery and it deserves to be recorded. The discovery of anatomical features on the epiphyseial ends of the femur reported here adds two new names, namely the intercondylar fossa foramen …
Prevalence And Burden Of Gastrointestinal Parasites Among University Students At Dar Es Salaam University College Of Education, Tanzania, Magreth Fulgence, Ummul-Khair Mustafa, Jared S. Bakuza
Prevalence And Burden Of Gastrointestinal Parasites Among University Students At Dar Es Salaam University College Of Education, Tanzania, Magreth Fulgence, Ummul-Khair Mustafa, Jared S. Bakuza
Tanzania Journal of Science
Gastrointestinal parasites cause major health problems in many tropical and sub-tropical countries including Tanzania. However, information on the status of these infections is often scanty, especially among young adults including students in higher learning institutions. During December 2020 to June 2021, a total of 272 faecal samples from university students at Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE) were examined for parasites using the Kato Katz technique and analysed for infection levels based on standard guidelines. Detected parasites were identified as Schistosoma mansoni (8.1%), hookworms (1.5%), Trichuris trichiura (0.4%) and Hymenolepis diminuta (0.4%), with an overall prevalence of 10.4%. …
Feeding Habits And Diet Composition Of The African Sacred Ibis In Selected Water-Logged Sites In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Jared S. Bakuza, Joyce Ndinadyo
Feeding Habits And Diet Composition Of The African Sacred Ibis In Selected Water-Logged Sites In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Jared S. Bakuza, Joyce Ndinadyo
Tanzania Journal of Science
The African Sacred Ibises Threskiornis aethiopicus are generalist birds that feed on many invertebrates and some vertebrates. However, the diet composition of local T. aethiopicus populations in wetland areas in Dar es Salaam Tanzania was unknown. Sacred Ibises from eight water-logged areas in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania were studied to determine their feeding habits and diet composition using direct observations and molecular analysis of faecal samples. Snails species identified from sites frequented by T. aethiopicus included Lymnaea natalensis (61.62%), Melanoides tuberculatus (20.64%), Bulinus sp. (17.66%) and Anisus sp. (0.08%), while molecular analysis of the birds’ diet revealed presence of …
Efficacy Of The Botanical Extracts, Azadirachta Indica (Sapindales: Meliaceae) And Tagetes Minuta (Asterales: Asteraceae) In The Control Of Cabbage Insect Pests In Iringa District, Tanzania, Levocatus M. Rwegoshora, Vendeline E. Tairo, Moses I. Olotu
Efficacy Of The Botanical Extracts, Azadirachta Indica (Sapindales: Meliaceae) And Tagetes Minuta (Asterales: Asteraceae) In The Control Of Cabbage Insect Pests In Iringa District, Tanzania, Levocatus M. Rwegoshora, Vendeline E. Tairo, Moses I. Olotu
Tanzania Journal of Science
Although botanical extracts have been widely studied globally, the efficacy of neem and Mexican marigold against cabbage insect pests is scanty. Field experiments were conducted at Kalenga and Mgera in 2022 using a randomized complete block design. Four treatments (neem, Mexican marigold, a mixture of the two extracts and untreated) were replicated three times. In Kalenga, damage levels for treated plots varied significantly from 3.33 to 9.20% and 5.0 to 18.33%, while for untreated plots varied from 37.70 to 45.85% during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively (F(3, 499) = 111.71, p < 0.05). A similar trend was recorded in Mgera, the damage levels varied significantly between treated (4.44–15.83%) and untreated plots (34.40–46.60%) (F(3, 449) = 94.23, p < 0.05). Treated plots had higher marketable cabbage yields (30.6–43.10 t/ha) than untreated plots (4.78–11.20 t/ha), which differed significantly in Kalenga (F (3, 67) = 141.79, p < 0.05) and Mgera (F (3, 67) = 53.36, p < 0.05). These extracts have shown insecticidal properties, can serve as promising candidates for further studies aimed at isolating active compounds for scaling up ecologically friendly strategies of controlling pests and improve the quality of cabbage products.
Molecular Epidemiology Of Antibiotic Resistance Among Escherichia Coli Isolated From Broiler Chickens Sold At Selected Markets In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Abdilahi H. Kiula, Victor A. Makene
Molecular Epidemiology Of Antibiotic Resistance Among Escherichia Coli Isolated From Broiler Chickens Sold At Selected Markets In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Abdilahi H. Kiula, Victor A. Makene
Tanzania Journal of Science
Unwarranted and improper uses of antibiotics in broiler farms contribute to the challenge of antibiotic resistance, making even previously treatable infections, difficult to treat. We conducted a cross sectional study from November 2021 to May 2022 from broiler chicken markets in four districts of Dar es Salaam to determine the extent of antibiotic resistance among E. coli isolates from broiler chickens. A total of 160 E. coli isolates recovered from cloacal swabs were identified by culture and biochemical tests and confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, targeting seven classes of antibiotics, was performed by disk diffusion …
Application Of Agile And Simulation Approaches For The Maximal Benefits Of Reduced Turnaround Time From The Point Of Care Testing, Yusta W. Simwita, Berit I. Helgheim
Application Of Agile And Simulation Approaches For The Maximal Benefits Of Reduced Turnaround Time From The Point Of Care Testing, Yusta W. Simwita, Berit I. Helgheim
Tanzania Journal of Science
This paper uses simulation to explore improvement opportunities in the orthopaedic care process. Secondly, this study used a combination of simulation and agile strategies to explore agile operational plans that can be adopted to maximize the benefits of reduced turnaround time. Data used for this study was collected by observing the entire orthopaedic care process. A total of 635 observations were obtained, with 179 out of these observations undergoing the whole care process. The actual collected patient data were compared with the simulation output to validate the developed simulation. Different scenarios were developed to test operational plans for the maximal …
Ethnobotanical Survey, Consumption Pattern And Genetic Conservation Of Leafy Vegetables In South-West Nigeria, Temitope O Onuminya, Michael I Osundinakin, Oluwatoyin T Ogundipe
Ethnobotanical Survey, Consumption Pattern And Genetic Conservation Of Leafy Vegetables In South-West Nigeria, Temitope O Onuminya, Michael I Osundinakin, Oluwatoyin T Ogundipe
Tanzania Journal of Science
Leafy vegetables are important in human nutrition; however, their diversity as seen in the dishes in South western Nigeria appears to be diminishing. Many popular delicacies are no longer available in the markets. Therefore, this research was conducted to identify and document leafy vegetables in South West Nigeria, assess their ethnobotanical uses from questionnaires administered to farmers/sellers, secure their genetic resource base, and improve their value chain in South-West Nigeria. Vegetable samples were collected from different local communities in five South-West states in Nigeria, identified using manual/flora, and authenticated at the University of Lagos Herbarium. One thousand respondents, 200 in …
Genetic Analysis Reveals Substantial Proportion Of Non-Targeted Tilapias Among Farmed Stocks In Kilosa And Kibaha, Tanzania, Winifrida L Mbilinyi, Cyrus Rumisha, Augustine W Mwandya, George M Msalya
Genetic Analysis Reveals Substantial Proportion Of Non-Targeted Tilapias Among Farmed Stocks In Kilosa And Kibaha, Tanzania, Winifrida L Mbilinyi, Cyrus Rumisha, Augustine W Mwandya, George M Msalya
Tanzania Journal of Science
Nile tilapia farmers in Tanzania have been complaining about slow growth and low yields. Since some farmers obtain their seeds from unreliable sources, they may potentially be dealing with various non-targeted tilapias that require different environments and treatments to enhance growth and yields. Thus, this study analysed fragments (600 base pairs) of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) from 74 farmed tilapias in Kilosa and Kibaha, Tanzania to determine the presence of non-targeted tilapias. An additional 42 samples from the Magadu Fish Farm, Mindu dam, and Lake Victoria were included for comparison. The findings revealed that non-targeted tilapias accounted …
Ameliorative Effects Of Vitamins C And E On Haematotoxicity And Spleen Histopathology Induced By Dichlorvos Insecticide In Female Wistar Rats, Halima Mfaume, Harishchandra Pratap, Claudius Luziga, Felister Urasa
Ameliorative Effects Of Vitamins C And E On Haematotoxicity And Spleen Histopathology Induced By Dichlorvos Insecticide In Female Wistar Rats, Halima Mfaume, Harishchandra Pratap, Claudius Luziga, Felister Urasa
Tanzania Journal of Science
This research aimed to assess the toxicological effects of dichlorvos insecticide (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate or DDVP) on haematological indices of female Wistar rats and to investigate the antioxidant properties of vitamins C and E in ameliorating haematotoxicity. The rats were divided into 6 groups; control-water, control-oil, dichlorvos group, dichlorvos + vitamin C group, dichlorvos + vitamin E group and dichlorvos + vitamin C + E group. Dichlorvos and vitamins were orally administered to rats with an interval of half an hour between treatments. The control-oil group was given 2 ml corn oil and the control-water group was given water adlib. …
Dna Barcoding Reveals Occurrence Of Cardiocephaloides Sp. (Digenea: Strigeidae) Infecting The Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax Carbo (L. 1758) In Mwanza Gulf, Lake Victoria, Fred D Chibwana
Tanzania Journal of Science
Cormorants (Pelecaniformes) are widely distributed worldwide, occurring as coastal birds in inland waters and marine environments, and have been implicated in the transmission of some aquatic parasites. As such, the objective of the present work was to investigate the occurrence and morphological variations in Cardiocephaloides (Digenea: Strigeidae), parasites of the great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo. The Cardiocephaloides specimens used for molecular analysis (DNA barcoding (cox1) region) were obtained from the intestines of the great cormorants collected from Mwanza Gulf in Lake Victoria. Morphological examination of Cardiocephaloides specimens showed the possible co-existence of four morphospecies belonging to the genus Cardiocephaloides. However, detailed …
Determination Of Epigallocatechin Gallate (Egcg) And Antibacterial Activities Of Commercially Available Tanzanian Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis), Raphael J Shedafa, Joseph Sempombe, Ramadhan So Nondo, Eliangiringa Kaale, Mary Temu, Peter Imming
Determination Of Epigallocatechin Gallate (Egcg) And Antibacterial Activities Of Commercially Available Tanzanian Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis), Raphael J Shedafa, Joseph Sempombe, Ramadhan So Nondo, Eliangiringa Kaale, Mary Temu, Peter Imming
Tanzania Journal of Science
This paper presents the results of the antibacterial activity of green tea extract (Camellia sinensis) against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 708903). Quantitative and qualitative measurements of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have also been reported. The analysis by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) revealed the presence of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the green tea extracts ranging from 13.16 to 18.64 mg/g. Crude extracts GT 01–GT 03 inhibited a greater number of microorganisms and presented the lowest values of MIC against Staphylococcus aureus (0.625 mg/mL), Escherichia coli (0.625 mg/mL), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.25 mg/mL). …