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Articles 3301 - 3330 of 39085
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Comparing Oxidative Balance Of Summer And Winter Acclimatized Birds, Olivia R. Gulseth
Comparing Oxidative Balance Of Summer And Winter Acclimatized Birds, Olivia R. Gulseth
Honors Thesis
The oxidative stress system allows air-breathing animals to deal with the potentially harmful byproducts of metabolism. How this system reacts to the increasing thermoregulatory demands in winter for birds from cold winter climates is poorly understood. The purpose of this project was to compare the oxidative balance of summer (warm acclimatized) and winter (cold acclimatized) phenotypes of overwintering songbirds in South Dakota to determine if there is a significant difference between the seasonal phenotypes and among species. Seasonal differences in oxidative balance were expected due to the increased metabolic costs of elevating metabolism to maintain body temperature during winter. Blood …
Assessing The Effects Of Cold Storage Regimes Of North American Bombus Gynes, Thuy Tien T. Lindsay, Marcia M. Hagen, Joyce N. Knoblett, Joseph P. Rinehart, Karen M. Kapheim, James P. Strange
Assessing The Effects Of Cold Storage Regimes Of North American Bombus Gynes, Thuy Tien T. Lindsay, Marcia M. Hagen, Joyce N. Knoblett, Joseph P. Rinehart, Karen M. Kapheim, James P. Strange
Biology Faculty Publications
Bumble bees are the primary commercial pollinators for greenhouse-grown crops and managing them requires insight into the Bombus life cycle. However, some aspects of the life cycle are not fully understood. Once mated, adult Bombus gynes can be stored for a short term at a constant low temperature (CLT). However, survival rates for some species are low during CLT, particularly when storage periods exceed a month. To address this, we tested the hypothesis that Bombus gynes stored in a fluctuating thermal regime (FTR) have increased survival compared to gynes stored in CLT. Specifically, the FTR had a baseline temperature of …
The First Draft Genome Of Cold-Water Octocoral Anthothela Grandiflora, The Great Flowerbud Coral, Laurel Humphrey
The First Draft Genome Of Cold-Water Octocoral Anthothela Grandiflora, The Great Flowerbud Coral, Laurel Humphrey
Honors Scholar Theses
Cold-water corals are important sources of ocean biodiversity, yet populations are increasingly threatened by human activity and climate change. Soft octocorals may endure higher ocean acidification levels in comparison to stony hexacorals, although the mechanisms of octocoral biomineralization are less understood. Building genomic resources for cold-water octocorals could help to close information gaps by elucidating the evolutionary history of octocoral calcification and provide a reference for future studies of adaptation to acidified waters. This report describes the first reference genome for the cold-water octocoral species Anthothela grandiflora found throughout the Atlantic Ocean. Sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technologies generated 43.6 Gb …
Dual Modes Of Dopamine Underly Distinct Facets Of Impulsive Actions, Tzvia Pinkhasov
Dual Modes Of Dopamine Underly Distinct Facets Of Impulsive Actions, Tzvia Pinkhasov
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
During the pursuit of basic needs, animals sometimes fail to suppress actions that are maladaptive and counterproductive to their survival. In humans, these actions are often called impulsive because they can incur negative consequences. Impulsivity is ubiquitous across psychiatric disorders and related to debilitating outcomes such as substance abuse, crime and suicidality. Despite its risks, a lack of a neural mechanism understanding of impulsive actions impedes the development of effective treatments.In this dissertation, I set out to bridge the knowledge gained from the parallel fields of neuropsychopharmacology, experimental psychology, and systems neuroscience to uncover neural mechanisms of impulsive actions. Clinicians …
Integrating Dna Methylation And 3d-Genome Architecture To Identify Functional Regulatory Sequences In Idh-Mutant Aml, Elisabeth Wilson
Integrating Dna Methylation And 3d-Genome Architecture To Identify Functional Regulatory Sequences In Idh-Mutant Aml, Elisabeth Wilson
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous disease. Recurrent mutations in genes involved in epigenetic pathways are common in AML and are thought to contribute to this variability by disrupting epigenetic patterns relative to normal hematopoietic cells. The most well-studied epigenetic modification in AML is DNA methylation. Although methods for studying DNA methylation have improved significantly in the past decade, the landscape of methylation changes in AML and how they relate to chromatin architecture and gene regulation is still not fully understood. This thesis is focused on the DNA methylation phenotype of IDH1 or IDH2 mutations in …
Neuroepigenetic Mechanisms Of Brain Development: From Technology To Biological Insights, Allen Yen
Neuroepigenetic Mechanisms Of Brain Development: From Technology To Biological Insights, Allen Yen
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Each cell in the brain has the same genomic sequence, yet they can have vastly different phenotypes and function. This diversity is a result of complex genetic and signaling pathways, and knowing how these are regulated is key to understanding physiological development and how pathogenic dysfunctions arise. Genomic methods such as chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) have played pivotal roles in dissecting these processes. However, a key limitation is that the cells are destroyed upon observation of their molecular states, which preclude our ability to correlate historical epigenetic information with future …
Whale Harvest Through Time: Unveiling The Hemispheric Contrasts In Whaling, Laura Mooney '24
Whale Harvest Through Time: Unveiling The Hemispheric Contrasts In Whaling, Laura Mooney '24
Biology Student Scholarship
Whales have been long known for their oils and rich blubber which has been a dish in many countries in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Some species were being hunted to near extinction. The earliest whaling began in 3000BC by Native American but commercial whaling began by the Basques in the 17th century with a huge increase in the 18th,19th and 20th centuries. This study examines how whale harvest has changed over time in years between 1900 and 1999 in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. I analyzed the data collected by Jr. Robert(2015) and looked to see if …
Sea Surface Temperature Influence On Tropical Storms And Hurricanes, Elise Leroux '26
Sea Surface Temperature Influence On Tropical Storms And Hurricanes, Elise Leroux '26
Biology Student Scholarship
Hurricanes are both dangerous and difficult to predict because of the various factors that influence the size and intensity of storms, where sea surface temperature (SST) is one of the most relevant variables. As temperatures are increasingly rising due to climate change, the effect on storm size, intensity, and frequency is going to be greater. There have been many studies how individual storms are affected, but less so on the overall frequency of hurricanes. This study assesses the number of hurricanes each year in comparison to the SST and the average wind speed of each hurricane. I predict that years …
The Effect Of Population Density On Harmful Algal Blooms In Southwest Florida, Emma Barry '25
The Effect Of Population Density On Harmful Algal Blooms In Southwest Florida, Emma Barry '25
Biology Student Scholarship
Karenia brevis is a species of algae native to the Gulf of Mexico. Times when its growth becomes uncontrollable are called harmful algal blooms (formerly called “red tide events”), and they are often caused by increased nutrients in the water. These excessive nutrients come from watersheds and runoff that contain anthropogenic materials like fertilizer, and the phosphate and nitrogen in fertilizers catalyze the growth of algae. As population density in Florida increases, fertilizer runoff increases as well. Harmful algal bloom events are dangerous to both humans and the environment. Thick layers of algal growth on the water’s surface create “dead …
The Effect Sea Temperature Has On Coral Reef Health In The Great Barrier Reef, Elizabeth Glasspool '26
The Effect Sea Temperature Has On Coral Reef Health In The Great Barrier Reef, Elizabeth Glasspool '26
Biology Student Scholarship
Coral reef bleaching can happen for many different reasons including storms, disease, sediment and salinity changes, and of change in climate. Mass bleaching is typically a cause of increasing sea temperature in a certain area. Mass bleaching typically kills off many different species of coral. This is detrimental to a large portion of biodiversity, especially in a marine atmosphere. In 2016, records show that it is a record high ocean temperature which led to widespread coral bleaching on Australian reefs. This was part of the third global bleaching event declared by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). At the …
The Effect Of Temperature On The Invasive Asian Needle Ant, Kaylee Mulligan '25
The Effect Of Temperature On The Invasive Asian Needle Ant, Kaylee Mulligan '25
Biology Student Scholarship
The Asian Needle Ant (Brachyponera chinensis) is an invasive species currently spreading on the Eastern Coast of the United States. They were first reported around the 1930s in Florida and have since migrated to Massachusetts. As an invasive species, this pest originating from Asia has a negative impact on environment ecosystems and other species of ants. Asian Needle Ants displace resident ant colonies, taking over nesting sites by consuming food sources and decreasing the amount of space other ant colonies can use. They are also known to have a sting that contains venom more likely to result in …
Gdp Effects On Bottlenose Dolphins Within The Gulf Of Mexico, Kathleen Kelly '24
Gdp Effects On Bottlenose Dolphins Within The Gulf Of Mexico, Kathleen Kelly '24
Biology Student Scholarship
Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are highly sensitive to environmental changes and anthropogenic stressors. Making them important indicators of marine ecosystem health. The Gulf of Mexico sustains diverse marine ecosystems and coastal communities. However, rapid industrialization, urbanization, and coastal development have altered marine habitats and increased anthropogenic pressures on marine wildlife. While various factors contribute to these strandings, the potential influence of socio-economic factors, particularly Gross Domestic Product (GDP) disparities among Gulf Coast counties, remains underexplored. This number (GDP) is influenced by human activities such as fisheries, shipping, and tourism, all of which directly or indirectly could affect marine …
Michigan Water Supply: Analysis Of Health Violations, Gabriela Guzman Reyes '24
Michigan Water Supply: Analysis Of Health Violations, Gabriela Guzman Reyes '24
Biology Student Scholarship
The presence of toxins in water sources poses a significant public health challenge. In Michigan, this issue has garnered widespread attention due to its adverse effects on human health and well-being. The contaminants found in water, including but not limited to lead, industrial pollutants, and agricultural runoff, stem from a variety of sources such as aging infrastructure, industrial activities, and agricultural practices. News articles and Government officials have reported the adverse affects and impact toxin exposure has on Michigan residents. However, there is little research examining the relationship between water quality violations and socioeconomic factors like poverty levels. I predict …
The Effect Of Integrated Pest Management On Nutrition Of Bee Collected Pollen, Kaitlyn Bresnahan '25
The Effect Of Integrated Pest Management On Nutrition Of Bee Collected Pollen, Kaitlyn Bresnahan '25
Biology Student Scholarship
Honey bees are the world’s most commercially valuable pollinators, and they face many threats. The greatest challenge facing honey bees is Varroa mites, parasitic mites that feed on bees’ fat bodies, killing bees and spreading diseases. While chemical treatments are available to stop the spread of mites, these treatments are insecticides, which are not ideal to put in a hive of insects. A popular organic method of mite management is using drone comb. Drone brood is preferentially chosen by mites for ovipositing and development because of its larger size and longer development time, so removing drone brood can drastically reduce …
Understanding Gene Regulation By Non-Cg Dna Methylation And Mecp2 At Cellular Resolution In The Brain, Mati Nemera
Understanding Gene Regulation By Non-Cg Dna Methylation And Mecp2 At Cellular Resolution In The Brain, Mati Nemera
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
The mammalian brain features a variety of cell types with distinct functions and properties. This cellular diversity is maintained by epigenomic regulation of gene expression. Neurons in particular express long genes and are uniquely enriched for non-CG methylation, especially methylation at CA dinucleotides (mCA). MeCP2, whose mutation results in Rett syndrome, regulates gene expression by binding to mCA. However, the function of this mCA-MeCP2 pathway in the regulation of fine-tuned neuronal gene expression programs has not been investigated. Here, we provide evidence that mCA-MeCP2 pathway plays a role in the maintenance of neuron type-specific gene expression programs at a high …
Mental Health And Traumatic Occupational Exposure In Wildland Fire Dispatchers, Robin M. Verble, Rachel Granberg, Seth Pearson, Charlene Rogers, Roman Watson
Mental Health And Traumatic Occupational Exposure In Wildland Fire Dispatchers, Robin M. Verble, Rachel Granberg, Seth Pearson, Charlene Rogers, Roman Watson
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Wildland Fire Dispatchers Play a Key Role in Wildland Fire Management and Response Organization; However, to Date, Wildland Fire Studies Have Largely Focused on the Physical Hazards And, to a Lesser Extent, Mental Health Hazards of Wildland Firefighting Operational Personnel, and Dispatcher Studies Have Primarily Focused on 911 and Police Dispatchers. Studies of Other Dispatchers Have Provided Some Limited Insight into Potential Strains Impacting This Workforce, Including Work-Related Fatigue, Burnout, and Traumatic Exposure. However, the Specific Job Hazards that Are Faced by Wildland Fire Dispatchers Are Poorly Understood. in 2023, We Conducted a Cross-Sectional Survey of 510 Wildland Fire Dispatchers …
Alcohol Reward Memory In Drosophila: Investigating Changes In Neural Activity In Response To Cues Alcohol Associations And Their Role In Regulating Other Alcohol-Related Behaviors., Marieke Guitink
Honors Projects in Biological and Biomedical Sciences
With more than 200 health conditions associated with Alcohol Use Disorder, excessive drinking can take a serious toll on an individual's health, mental health, and relationships. Despite significant disruptions, there are a few treatments for Alcohol Use Disorder that support long-term abstinence. To develop effective long-term treatments for Alcohol Use Disorder, it is essential to obtain an understanding of the underlying complex changes that alcohol has on the brain, however, the complexity of the mammalian nervous system has precluded researchers from achieving this. Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model organism for investigating how alcohol hijacks neural circuits within the brain …
Survey Of The Boletes From Fish River Nature Preserve, Noah T. Nelson
Survey Of The Boletes From Fish River Nature Preserve, Noah T. Nelson
Poster Presentations
Boletes are a special kind of mushroom inside of the Kingdom Fungi that are distinguished from other mushrooms by their uniquely pored hymenium, as opposed to gills. Many boletes are ectomycorrhizal, meaning they are mutualists with vascular plants, and thus beneficial to the overall health of the terrestrial ecosystem. Some are well-known for their edibility and are of economic importance. In the United States 59 genus-level clades comprising 290 operational taxonomic units have been reported. The southeastern US and Gulf Coast regions however are less researched and recorded for their mushroom ecology. In Alabama, only 56 bolete species have been …
Gymnosperms Demonstrate Patterns Of Fine-Root Trait Coordination Consistent With The Global Root Economics Space, Jessica R. Langguth, Marcin Zadworny, Karl Andraczek, Marvin Lo, Newton Tran, Kelsey Patrick, Joanna Mucha, Luke Mccormack, Kevin E. Mueller
Gymnosperms Demonstrate Patterns Of Fine-Root Trait Coordination Consistent With The Global Root Economics Space, Jessica R. Langguth, Marcin Zadworny, Karl Andraczek, Marvin Lo, Newton Tran, Kelsey Patrick, Joanna Mucha, Luke Mccormack, Kevin E. Mueller
Biological, Geological, and Environmental Faculty Publications
Gymnosperms encompass a diverse group of mostly woody plants with high ecological and economic value, yet little is known about the scope and organization of fine-root trait diversity among gymnosperms due to the undersampling of most gymnosperm families and the dominance of angiosperm groups in recent syntheses. New and existing data were compiled for morphological traits (root diameter, length, tissue density, specific root length [SRL] and specific root area [SRA]), the architectural trait branching ratio, root nitrogen content [N] and mycorrhizal colonization. We used phylogenetic least squares regression and principal component analysis to determine trait-trait relationships and coordination across 66 …
Ultraconserved Elements Based Phylogeny Of The New Zealand Mite Harvester Genus Rakaia, Zade Alafranji
Ultraconserved Elements Based Phylogeny Of The New Zealand Mite Harvester Genus Rakaia, Zade Alafranji
Biology Honors Projects
New Zealand is home to a remarkable number of endemic taxa, some of which existed on the archipelago before the breakup of Gondwana. The mite harvesters (suborder Cyphophthalmi), tiny arachnids which dwell in forest leaf litter and caves, are one such group. The mite harvester family Pettalidae exhibits a classic Gondwanan distribution, informative for describing ancient patterns of diversification. Within New Zealand, there are three genera of pettalids; our research focuses on the phylogeny of the most widespread and diverse of these: Rakaia. Through phylogenetic analysis, we provide a window into patterns of ancient diversification and infer historical biogeographic trends. …
Use Of Space By Urban Loggerhead Shrikes (Lanius Ludovicianus) As A Window Into Habitat Suitability, Katie A. Maddox, Christopher E. Hill
Use Of Space By Urban Loggerhead Shrikes (Lanius Ludovicianus) As A Window Into Habitat Suitability, Katie A. Maddox, Christopher E. Hill
Biology
Wild animals in urban environments face new challenges that may change how they use space and, at the same time, how they use space provides clues to suitability of habitat: bird territories in desirable areas tend to be smaller and populations denser. Loggerhead Shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus), historically associated with shortgrass habitats such as pasture and shrub steppe, occur widely in urban areas of the southeastern United States. For a complete picture of shrike use of space in urban spaces, we present three measures for a population inhabiting urban areas of Horry County, South Carolina: population density, home range size, and …
West Coast Rock Lobster Resource Harvest Strategy, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia
West Coast Rock Lobster Resource Harvest Strategy, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia
Fisheries Management Papers
Harvest strategies for Western Australia’s (WA) aquatic resources are formal documents developed by the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD, the Department) to support decision-making processes that ensure the outcomes are consistent with the principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD; Fletcher 2002a) and Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM; Fletcher et al. 2012). Harvest strategies are a key component of all contemporary fishery management systems and a requirement for certification under the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). The objectives of ESD are reflected in the objectives of the Fish Resources Management Act 1994 (FRMA) and the Aquatic Resources Management Act …
Isolation Of Aged Mouse Primary Microglia As A Model System For Alzheimer’S Disease Research, Michael Landis
Isolation Of Aged Mouse Primary Microglia As A Model System For Alzheimer’S Disease Research, Michael Landis
Biology Honors Papers
Microglia and their role as the immune cells of the central nervous system are an emerging area of interest within Alzheimer’s research, particularly as they have shown in a benevolent and malevolent cellular context. Models of Alzheimer’s disease are very light in studying microglia, so in this study a model of microglia isolated from aged mice is established in order to study the phagocytic activity and protein expression of microglia in response to Amyloid Beta. The cells were isolated from aged mice and cultured before being used to confirm cellular identity, as well as to measure phagocytic activity. This study …
Random-Effects Substitution Models For Phylogenetics Via Scalable Gradient Approximations, A. F. Magee, A. J. Holbrook, J. E. Pekar, Itzue W. Caviedes-Solis, F. A. Matsen Iv, G. Baele, J. O. Wertheim, X. Ji, P. Lemey, M. A. Suchard
Random-Effects Substitution Models For Phylogenetics Via Scalable Gradient Approximations, A. F. Magee, A. J. Holbrook, J. E. Pekar, Itzue W. Caviedes-Solis, F. A. Matsen Iv, G. Baele, J. O. Wertheim, X. Ji, P. Lemey, M. A. Suchard
Biology Faculty Works
Phylogenetic and discrete-trait evolutionary inference depend heavily on an appropriate characterization of the underlying character substitution process. In this paper, we present random-effects substitution models that extend common continuous-time Markov chain models into a richer class of processes capable of capturing a wider variety of substitution dynamics. As these random-effects substitution models often require many more parameters than their usual counterparts, inference can be both statistically and computationally challenging. Thus, we also propose an efficient approach to compute an approximation to the gradient of the data likelihood with respect to all unknown substitution model parameters. We demonstrate that this approximate …
How Neurobehavior And Brain Development In Alternative Whole-Organism Models Can Contribute To Prediction Of Developmental Neurotoxicity, Eva-Maria S. Collins, E. V. S. Hessel, S. Hughes
How Neurobehavior And Brain Development In Alternative Whole-Organism Models Can Contribute To Prediction Of Developmental Neurotoxicity, Eva-Maria S. Collins, E. V. S. Hessel, S. Hughes
Biology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
From Cells To Clinics- The Role Of College Biology Education In Shaping Future Physician Assistants, Monica Manley
From Cells To Clinics- The Role Of College Biology Education In Shaping Future Physician Assistants, Monica Manley
Honors Theses
This thesis provides a personal reflection on translating concepts and techniques learned in multiple biology courses (i.e. microbiology, neuroscience, comparative physiology, and genetics) in to clinical practice as an intern in the emergency room of a hospital. Each selected concept contains a description followed by an example of how this knowledge relates to a specified duty of a physician assistant with in an emergency medical setting.
Analyzing The Effects Of Sex-Biased Gene Expression On Dosage Compensation: An Exploratory Investigation Of Gene Expression Differences In Tribolium Leg Tissue, Preston Q. Truong
Analyzing The Effects Of Sex-Biased Gene Expression On Dosage Compensation: An Exploratory Investigation Of Gene Expression Differences In Tribolium Leg Tissue, Preston Q. Truong
2024 Spring Honors Capstone Projects - Archive
The XX/XY sex chromosome system governs the sex determination of many organisms, where female individuals typically possess the XX sex chromosome pair and male individuals possess the XY pair. However, in some species, the Y chromosome is degraded due to reduced recombination and genetic processes that results in the loss of gene content. Dosage compensation (DC) mechanisms evolve to counteract the significant loss of one copy of genes and serves to maintain the level of gene expression before the loss of one copy of genes. This study will explore how sex-biased gene expression may affect DC evolution by observing the …
Phenotypic Plasticity In Pigmentation: Investigating Coloration Patterns In Anablepsoides Hartii Population Responses To Environmental Variation, Jasdeep Kaur
2024 Spring Honors Capstone Projects - Archive
In this study, we investigated the color-changing capabilities of Trinidadian killifish, Anablepsoides hartii, through exposure to varied color conditions over defined periods of time. Our experiment aims to understand adaptive responses when killifish are subjected to different color backgrounds, exploring their mechanisms to change color. By subjecting the species to different environmental color variations, we sought to discern color change patterns, which could indicate adaptive responses related to camouflage, stress, behavior clues, and physiological adjustments. Carefully controlling environmental factors, we monitored and documented the fishes’ color changes, aiming to provide insights into the interplay between fish’s developmental plasticity and its …
The Evaluation Of Compound X In A Mouse Model In Chikv Disease, Kaitlyn Blotter
The Evaluation Of Compound X In A Mouse Model In Chikv Disease, Kaitlyn Blotter
Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an infectious alphavirus spread by Aedes aegypti and Aedes alpopictus mosquitoes. Recently, there have been various outbreaks in the Americas, the Caribbean, and across Asia and Africa (Bettis et al., 2022). Although mortality rates of Chikungunya disease are relatively low, the disease has been shown to have high morbidity and chronic effects. Currently, there are no approved antivirals for treatment of CHIKV infection. The goal of this study was to identify whether Compound X is an effective treatment in a mouse model of CHIKV infection. Compound X was active in cell culture models of CHIKV infection, …
Effects Of Humidity On Native And Non-Native Cavity Nesting Solitary Bees, Elleke Grace Kofford Manwill
Effects Of Humidity On Native And Non-Native Cavity Nesting Solitary Bees, Elleke Grace Kofford Manwill
Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects
Invasive species are defined as those that are not native to an ecosystem but may cause harm to the environment or to human health. Osmia cornifrons, a species introduced to the United States, and Osmia lignaria, a native species, are cavity-nesting solitary bees. Although not officially classified as invasive, O. cornifrons presents competition for the niche that O. lignaria inhabits. O. cornifrons has established populations throughout the East Coast and the Pacific Northwest, while O. lignaria is found all throughout the contiguous United States. This interspecies difference in geographical range exists despite their similar temperature ranges. To determine …