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Full-Text Articles in Engineering Education

Mechanism Design And Analysis: Developing An Understanding Of Mechanism Motion Through Graphical Modeling, Andrew J. Hughes, Chris Merrill Sep 2021

Mechanism Design And Analysis: Developing An Understanding Of Mechanism Motion Through Graphical Modeling, Andrew J. Hughes, Chris Merrill

Educational Leadership & Technology Faculty Publications

The intention of this article is to provide Technology and Engineering Educators with foundational knowledge of mechanism design and analysis and the ability to develop middle and high school students' mechanism knowledge during practical hands-on learning activities in the STEM classroom. Technology and Engineering Educators' implementation of mechanism design and analysis could promote students' increased depth of mechanical knowledge and ability to apply this knowledge during engineering design challenges. In this article, the authors present an introduction to four-bar mechanism design and analysis using CAD software to produce graphical representations. After designing mechanisms graphical, students should be allowed to produce …


Sustainable Development And The Sdgs: Revealing Engineering Academics, Students And Employer Viewpoints, Una Beagon, Klara Kövesi, Brad Tabas, Bente Norgaard, Riitta Lehtinen, Brian Bowe, Christiane Gillet, Claus Spliid Sep 2021

Sustainable Development And The Sdgs: Revealing Engineering Academics, Students And Employer Viewpoints, Una Beagon, Klara Kövesi, Brad Tabas, Bente Norgaard, Riitta Lehtinen, Brian Bowe, Christiane Gillet, Claus Spliid

Conference Papers

As the world’s focus turns to the future and not the present, the engineering profession must respond to the ever increasing need to bring about a sustainable future. The objective of this paper is to support the reform of engineering education by acknowledging and building upon the current awareness and understanding of sustainable development held by key stakeholders in the process.

This paper presents the outcomes of a study involving twelve focus groups with Academics, Employers and Students in four European countries (Denmark, Finland, France and Ireland) as part of the A-STEP 2030 European Project. Based on the findings, it …


The Identification Of Future Professional Skills For The Graduate Structural Engineer And The Co-Creation Of Their Definitions., Aimee Byrne, Una Beagon, Darren Carthy, Patrick Crean, Caitriona Depaor, Louise Lynch, Dervilla Niall Sep 2021

The Identification Of Future Professional Skills For The Graduate Structural Engineer And The Co-Creation Of Their Definitions., Aimee Byrne, Una Beagon, Darren Carthy, Patrick Crean, Caitriona Depaor, Louise Lynch, Dervilla Niall

Conference Papers

Employers recognise that the future is changing and as such the structural engineer’s role is changing along with the skill set required. The skills gap has been acknowledged yet there is no consensus on which skills are most important for these engineers. This research presents the outcome of a project which proposes future professional skills needs for the structural engineer and the co-creation of their definitions. A review of the most recent relevant literature alongside chartership requirements of the Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE) and Engineers Ireland (EI), as well as consideration of three seminal consultation and analysis reports on …


A Study Of Non-Computing Majors' Growth Mindset, Self-Efficacy And Perceived Cs Relevance In Cs1, Jae Hyuk Yoo Sep 2021

A Study Of Non-Computing Majors' Growth Mindset, Self-Efficacy And Perceived Cs Relevance In Cs1, Jae Hyuk Yoo

Master's Theses

As the demand for programming skills in today’s job market is rapidly increasing for disciplines outside of computing, CS courses have experienced spikes in enrollment for non-majors. Students in disciplines including art, design and biological sciences are now often required to take introductory CS courses. Previous research has shown the role of growth mindset, self-efficacy and relevance in student success within CS but such metrics are largely unknown for non-majors. In this thesis, we surveyed non-majors in CS1 at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo during the early and late weeks of the quarter to gain insights on their growth mindset, …


Validation Of The Mathematics Motivation Questionnaire (Mmq) For Secondary School Students, Logan Fiorella, So Yoon Yoon, Kinnari Atit, Jason R. Power, Grace Panther, Sheryl Sorby, David H. Uttal, Norma Veurink Aug 2021

Validation Of The Mathematics Motivation Questionnaire (Mmq) For Secondary School Students, Logan Fiorella, So Yoon Yoon, Kinnari Atit, Jason R. Power, Grace Panther, Sheryl Sorby, David H. Uttal, Norma Veurink

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Background: Motivation is critical for supporting persistence and achievement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. In this study, we focus on the assessment of mathematics motivation among secondary school students. We provide validity and reliability evidence for the Mathematics Motivation Questionnaire (MMQ)—adapted from the Science Motivation Questionnaire designed for college students—using data from 2551 secondary students from seven states across the United States. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed five latent factors of the MMQ indicated by 19 items: intrinsic value, self-regulation, self-efficacy, utility value, and test anxiety. The nonlinear SEM reliability coefficients of the five constructs …


Attracting Diverse Talent To The Engineering Professions Of 2030 Activity 1 Outcomes, Una Beagon Aug 2021

Attracting Diverse Talent To The Engineering Professions Of 2030 Activity 1 Outcomes, Una Beagon

Conference Papers

As the world’s focus turns to the future and not the present, the engineering profession must respond to the ever increasing need to bring about a sustainable future. The objective of this paper is to support the reform of engineering education by acknowledging and building upon the current awareness and understanding of sustainable development held by key stakeholders in the process.

This paper presents the outcomes of a study involving twelve focus groups with Academics, Employers and Students in four European countries (Denmark, Finland, France and Ireland) as part of the A-STEP 2030 European Project. Based on the findings, it …


A Mixed-Methods Approach To Explore Student Perceived Needs For Peer Mentorship In A College Of Engineering, Darcie Christensen Aug 2021

A Mixed-Methods Approach To Explore Student Perceived Needs For Peer Mentorship In A College Of Engineering, Darcie Christensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

“Nobody makes it alone. Nobody has made it alone” (NOVA SHRM & Dulles SHRM, 2012, p. 5). Mentoring generally has positive outcomes, such as increasing output, staying in work or school, increasing confidence, and others (Campbell & Campbell, 2007; Crisp & Cruz, 2009; Eby et al., 2008; NASEM, 2019; Pfund et al., 2016). This dissertation study focused on student perceived needs for peer mentorship in engineering, which can fill in gaps of traditional mentorship by pairing mentors and mentees at similar levels, increasing comfort and emotional support to mentees (Allen et al., 2017; Haggard et al., 2011; Kram & Isabella, …


Snr: Software Library For Introductory Robotics, Spencer F. Shaw Aug 2021

Snr: Software Library For Introductory Robotics, Spencer F. Shaw

Master's Theses

This thesis introduces "SNR," a Python library for programming robotic systems in the context of introductory robotics courses. Greater demand for roboticists has pressured educational institutions to expand robotics curricula. Students are now more likely to take robotics courses earlier and with less prior programming experience. Students may be attempting to simultaneously learn a systems programming language, a library API, and robotics concepts. SNR is written purely in Python to present familiar semantics, eliminating one of these learning curves. Industry standard robotics libraries such as ROS often require additional build tools and configuration languages. Students in introductory courses frequently lack …


Biometric Features Modeling To Measure Students Engagement., Islam Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud Alkabbany Aug 2021

Biometric Features Modeling To Measure Students Engagement., Islam Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud Alkabbany

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The ability to measure students’ engagement in an educational setting may improve student retention and academic success, revealing which students are disinterested, or which segments of a lesson are causing difficulties. This ability will facilitate timely intervention in both the learning and the teaching process in a variety of classroom settings. In this dissertation, an automatic students engagement measure is proposed through investigating three main engagement components of the engagement: the behavioural engagement, the emotional engagement and the cognitive engagement. The main goal of the proposed technology is to provide the instructors with a tool that could help them estimating …


Teaching Learning Newsletter Vol 1 Issue 3, Sastra Deemed To Be University Aug 2021

Teaching Learning Newsletter Vol 1 Issue 3, Sastra Deemed To Be University

TLC Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Investigating The Habits Of Mind Of Practicing Engineers, Theresa K. Green Aug 2021

Investigating The Habits Of Mind Of Practicing Engineers, Theresa K. Green

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

One goal of undergraduate engineering education is to prepare students with the knowledge, skills, and decision-making strategies that are necessary for success in engineering practice. One proposed method to teach students these skills is to incorporate habits of mind into K-12 and undergraduate curricula. Habits of mind are the intelligent, social behaviors that engineers should aspire to have when solving problems, engaging with others, and dealing with uncertainty. Previous literature has suggested that incorporating ideas about habits of mind in educational curricula can teach students the disciplinary skills, technical knowledge, and social values that would help prepare them to enter …


Engineering Education Guilds: Understanding Their Vision For Innovation, Kaitlin Mallouk, Alexandra Coso Strong, Courtney June Faber, Darby Rose Riley Jul 2021

Engineering Education Guilds: Understanding Their Vision For Innovation, Kaitlin Mallouk, Alexandra Coso Strong, Courtney June Faber, Darby Rose Riley

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

Engineering education guilds, such as the Consortium to Promote Reflection in Engineering Education (CPREE) and the Kern Entrepreneurial Engineering Network (KEEN), seek to work at the forefront of educational innovation by creating networks of instructor change agents who design and implement a particular innovation in their own context to further the professional formation of engineers (PFE). While many of the innovations facilitated by CPREE and KEEN have been published extensively, it is unclear how successful the propagation of reflection and entrepreneurial mindset has been in the engineering education community. The major aim of this project is to characterize these two …


Let’S Play! Gamifying Engineering Ethics Education Through The Development Of Competitive And Collaborative Activities, Michael F. Young, Landon Bassett, Daniel D. Burkey, Scott C. Streiner, Joshua Bourne Reed Jul 2021

Let’S Play! Gamifying Engineering Ethics Education Through The Development Of Competitive And Collaborative Activities, Michael F. Young, Landon Bassett, Daniel D. Burkey, Scott C. Streiner, Joshua Bourne Reed

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

Engineering ethics is an extremely important topic that needs to be focused on more in engineering curricula, as many of the projects that engineers work on have a profound impact on society. There are many pitfalls with the traditional ways in which ethics is taught to engineering students as an abstract philosophical topic, rather than personal decision making situated in complex real contexts. The three main approaches that are used for engineering ethics include being taught by a professor outside of the engineering space, being taught late in their curriculum such as during a senior capstone project, and being taught …


Engineering Ethics Through High-Impact Collaborative/Competitive Scenarios (E-Ethiccs), Scott C. Streiner, Daniel D. Burkey, Michael F. Young, Richard Tyler Cimino, Jennifer Pascal Jul 2021

Engineering Ethics Through High-Impact Collaborative/Competitive Scenarios (E-Ethiccs), Scott C. Streiner, Daniel D. Burkey, Michael F. Young, Richard Tyler Cimino, Jennifer Pascal

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

Engineering grand challenges increasingly involve numerous social and ethical considerations that transcend the technical skills that dominate traditional engineering education. Engineering solutions often have major, long-lasting impacts on society. Since the process of technical innovation occurs in increasingly complex social exchanges, engineers are frequently confronted with social and ethical dilemmas in their professional lives. How do students acquire the skills needed to tackle these problems? The authors hypothesize that placing engineering challenges and solutions in a classroom context while emphasizing social engagement and impact facilitates the development of engineering students as moral agents who understand the consequences of their decisions. …


Impact Of Immersive Training On Senior Chemical Engineering Students' Prioritization Of Process Safety Decision Criteria, Jeffrey Stransky, Caleb Hill, Robert John Mcerlean, Jacob Willetts, Landon Bassett, Daniel D. Anastasio, Daniel D. Burkey, Matthew Cooper, Cheryl Bodnar Jul 2021

Impact Of Immersive Training On Senior Chemical Engineering Students' Prioritization Of Process Safety Decision Criteria, Jeffrey Stransky, Caleb Hill, Robert John Mcerlean, Jacob Willetts, Landon Bassett, Daniel D. Anastasio, Daniel D. Burkey, Matthew Cooper, Cheryl Bodnar

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

Every year new safety features and regulations are employed within the process industry to reduce risks associated with operations. Despite these advancements chemical plants remain hazardous places, and the role of the engineer will always involve risk mitigation through real time decision making. Results from a previous study by Kongsvik et al., 2015 indicated that there were three types of decisions in major chemical plants: strategic decisions, operational decisions, and instantaneous decisions. The study showed the importance for improving upon engineers’ operational and instantaneous choices when tasked with quick solutions in the workforce. In this research study, we dive deeper …


Investigating Potential Gender Differences In First-Year Engineering Students’ Academic Motivation And Homework Submission Behavior, Cara Mawson, Cheryl Bodnar Jul 2021

Investigating Potential Gender Differences In First-Year Engineering Students’ Academic Motivation And Homework Submission Behavior, Cara Mawson, Cheryl Bodnar

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

Previous studies have shown that there exists a difference in undergraduate students’ academic motivation based on gender. Specifically, females have been shown to be more extrinsically motivated than their male peers in a university setting (D’Lima, et. al, 2014). However, little research has been done to examine the effects of gender relevant to academic motivation in gamified systems. The study of gamification systems is important due to the increase in their use within educational activities. This study leverages the Jones MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation and gamification profiles to answer the research question: How does gender influence student behavior and …


Student Perceptions Of An Entrepreneurial Mindset And Its Relevance To Engineering Careers, Alexandra Mary Jackson, Samantha Resnick, Rebecca Hansson, Cheryl Bodnar Jul 2021

Student Perceptions Of An Entrepreneurial Mindset And Its Relevance To Engineering Careers, Alexandra Mary Jackson, Samantha Resnick, Rebecca Hansson, Cheryl Bodnar

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

Development of an entrepreneurial mindset (EM) has been a focus that has gained traction within engineering over the last decade. Thus, undergraduate engineering curricula have been modified to address EM development Curriculum modifications can include assigning hands-on projects with entrepreneurial elements, devoting entire courses to developing students' entrepreneurial skills while working with real world companies, and even creating degree programs with entrepreneurship in engineering as the focus.

Literature on EM has shown that there are a variety of methods for defining EM depending on the stakeholder. However, there has been limited research on how students understand and define EM, which …


Perceptions Of The Engineering Curricula From Women And Lgbtqia+ Students, Stephanie M. Lezotte, Harriet Hartman, Stephanie Farrell, Tiago Forin, Theresa F. S. Bruckerhoff Jul 2021

Perceptions Of The Engineering Curricula From Women And Lgbtqia+ Students, Stephanie M. Lezotte, Harriet Hartman, Stephanie Farrell, Tiago Forin, Theresa F. S. Bruckerhoff

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

The National Science Foundation’s Revolutionizing Engineering and computer science Departments (RED) grant was awarded to the Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE) Department at Midsized MidAtlantic University in 2016. This RED grant enables the institution to improve the inclusion of underrepresented and underserved engineering students over the course of five years. One of the ways our RED research team implemented this grant was to conduct climate surveys distributed to all engineering students to document students’ academic preparation and participation, feelings of otherness in the College of Engineering, engineering self-efficacy, sense of inclusion and belonging in the College of Engineering, and their …


Tinkering With Theoretical Objects: Designing Theories In Scientific Inquiry, Shakayla Moran, Leslie Atkins Elliott Jul 2021

Tinkering With Theoretical Objects: Designing Theories In Scientific Inquiry, Shakayla Moran, Leslie Atkins Elliott

Curriculum, Instruction, and Foundational Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations

The EDISIn Project (Engineering Design in Scientific Inquiry), taught in an undergraduate teacher preparation program, is investigating where engineering design opportunities emerge within contexts of scientific inquiry, with implications for how science teachers might productively engage in engineering design in their science courses without compromising on either the science or the engineering. In some inquiries, the opportunities for engineering were obvious, particularly with respect to novel experimental designs and in developing physical representations of models. In other inquiries, however, the investigations were either largely theoretical or the experimental designs were readily developed without a need for deliberate attention to design …


Solar Energy Certificate For Engineering Technology Students, Jesus A. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Immanuel Edinbarough Jul 2021

Solar Energy Certificate For Engineering Technology Students, Jesus A. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Immanuel Edinbarough

Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering Faculty Publications

Solar Energy is the fastest-growing energy resource in the United States and the world. This industry just hit an important milestone in 2019 of completing two million solar systems installations in the country and is expected to duplicate this quantity by 2023.

Organizations and home and business owners in our South Texas region are starting to recognize the benefits of this type of renewable energy. And with the drop in the cost of the components and installation of the solar system, the future for this industry seems promising.

Our Program of Engineering Technology, which is part of the College of …


Development And Implementation Of An Assessment Model In A Sophomore Electromechanical Systems Design Laboratory For The Etac-Abet Accreditation, Lili Ma, Benito Mendoza, Lorrington A. Hamilton, Luis Alberto Aponte, Sergey Drabkin, Mauricio Cardena Jul 2021

Development And Implementation Of An Assessment Model In A Sophomore Electromechanical Systems Design Laboratory For The Etac-Abet Accreditation, Lili Ma, Benito Mendoza, Lorrington A. Hamilton, Luis Alberto Aponte, Sergey Drabkin, Mauricio Cardena

Publications and Research

In the field of assessment in higher education, practitioners regularly mention two features as key for success at implementing a sustainable assessment model, i) it has to be faculty-driven, and ii) it has to become part of the curriculum. This paper describes an assessment model incorporating these features. The model was developed and implemented for assessing both the ETAC-ABET Program Criteria for an associate degree in Electromechanical Engineering Technology program and the new ETAC-ABET (2019-2020) student outcome (2), which regards students' ability to design systems, components, or processes for well-defined engineering technology problems appropriate to the discipline. This paper describes …


Assessment Of Creative Thinking In An Introductory Robotics Course Using Final Project, Lili Ma, Jose Reyes Alamo, Yu Wang Jul 2021

Assessment Of Creative Thinking In An Introductory Robotics Course Using Final Project, Lili Ma, Jose Reyes Alamo, Yu Wang

Publications and Research

This study describes development of an assignment (the final project) used for assessment of creative thinking in an undergraduate robotic course. Robotics inherently demands creativity, requiring exploration and investigation among several different methods to eventually generate a satisfactory solution. Assessment of students’ creative thinking fits naturally into our robotic course, which has a 2.5-hour lab session each week for students to work on physical/simulated robots. Students are asked to complete three projects over one semester. This paper describes the re-design and fine-tuning of the final project such that assessment of creative thinking can be incorporated into this robotic course as …


Practicing Self-Regulation Of Cognition And Motivation During Problem Solving In Engineering And Mathematics, Oenardi Lawanto Jul 2021

Practicing Self-Regulation Of Cognition And Motivation During Problem Solving In Engineering And Mathematics, Oenardi Lawanto

Funded Research Records

No abstract provided.


Design-Based Research: Students Seeking Co-Op In Refined Educational Model, Dennis Rogalsky, Ron Ulseth Jul 2021

Design-Based Research: Students Seeking Co-Op In Refined Educational Model, Dennis Rogalsky, Ron Ulseth

Integrated Engineering Department Publications

This research paper continues a longitudinal implementation of a design-based research (DBR) study/implementation for a new co-op centric educational model. This is a benchmarking study by the university program.

The new model is an adaptation of two recently recognized (by a 2018 MIT report) emerging world-leading engineering educational models, Charles Sturt University (Australia) and Iron Range Engineering (Minnesota). Adapted from Charles Sturt is the co-op model whereby students spend an initial on-campus period and then combine co-op work placements and on-line learning all the way to degree completion. Adapted from Iron Range are the curricular strategies that empower a graduate …


Student Perceptions Of Connections Between An Introductory Dynamic Systems Class And Co-Op Work Experience, Diane Peters Jul 2021

Student Perceptions Of Connections Between An Introductory Dynamic Systems Class And Co-Op Work Experience, Diane Peters

Mechanical Engineering Presentations And Conference Materials

This work focuses on connections that students see between co-op work assignments and a specific class in their mechanical engineering curriculum, typically taken in the second half of their junior year or the first half of their senior year. Students in the course wrote an essay, as a required assignment, in which they reflected on the links between their co-op work and the course, and were asked for permission to use those essays in the professor’s research on this topic. Analysis of the essays shows that students typically did see connections; in many cases, these were connected to the course …


Confidence Of Graduate Students In Engineering Masters’ Programs: A Comparison Of Returners And Direct-Pathway Students, Diane Peters, Elizabeth Gross Jul 2021

Confidence Of Graduate Students In Engineering Masters’ Programs: A Comparison Of Returners And Direct-Pathway Students, Diane Peters, Elizabeth Gross

Mechanical Engineering Presentations And Conference Materials

Confidence is a critical factor in the success of graduate students; those who are not confident of their ability to succeed will have greater difficulties in persisting and graduating with the degree that they seek. Therefore, cultivating confidence is an important part of equipping graduate students for success, and the question of where confidence comes from is an important one. In this study, 300 graduate students were surveyed, including both returners (students with a gap of at least five years between completing their undergraduate education and starting graduate study) and direct pathway students (students with a gap less than five …


Development Of An Online Course In Research For Undergraduate Students, Diane Peters, Ronald Kumon, Garielle Feeny Jul 2021

Development Of An Online Course In Research For Undergraduate Students, Diane Peters, Ronald Kumon, Garielle Feeny

Mechanical Engineering Presentations And Conference Materials

This Work in Progress paper will cover the development of an online course in research practices for undergraduate students. Active participation in research is an important part of experiential learning, which can help to prepare students for careers in a variety of settings including industrial R&D departments, academia, and government research labs. Undergraduate students’ research experiences may be limited in their value, however, by the learning curve students face as they begin to conduct research. The quality of their training may also be limited, with some receiving excellent training and orientation from a strong research lab or faculty mentor, and …


Assessing Intuition Used Among Undergraduate Engineering Technology And Engineering Students, Melissa Cai Shi, Therese M. Azevedo, Anne M. Lucietto Jul 2021

Assessing Intuition Used Among Undergraduate Engineering Technology And Engineering Students, Melissa Cai Shi, Therese M. Azevedo, Anne M. Lucietto

School of Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Intuition plays an essential role in decision-making and is independent of an analytical way of thinking that is considered a gut feeling. Individuals can shape their intuition, and each field of study develops a variety of skills and trains students for a way of thinking needed for that specific area. A focus on undergraduate engineering technology students and comparing them to undergraduate engineering students allows this study to examine the types of intuition used by these two groups. The Types of Intuition Scale (TIntS), an established, validated instrument, which categorizes intuition into inferential, affective, holistic abstract, and holistic big picture …


Development Of A Smart Grid Course In An Electrical Engineering Technology Program, Murat Kuzlu, Otilia Popescu, Vukica M. Jovanovic Jul 2021

Development Of A Smart Grid Course In An Electrical Engineering Technology Program, Murat Kuzlu, Otilia Popescu, Vukica M. Jovanovic

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Electric power systems courses have been traditionally offered by electrical engineering technology programs for a long time, with the main objective to introduce students to the fundamental concepts in the field of electric power systems and electrical to mechanical energy conversion. A typical electric power systems course covers a variety of topics, such as general aspects of electric power system design, electric generators, components of transmission and distribution systems, power flow analysis, system operation, and performance measures. In the last decades, electric power systems have significantly modernized alongside with requirement of improvement in system efficiency, reliability, cybersecurity, and environmental sustainability. …


Minority Graduates In Engineering Technology: Trends In Choice Of Major, Yury Alexandrovich Kuleshov, Emily Rada, Anne M. Lucietto Jul 2021

Minority Graduates In Engineering Technology: Trends In Choice Of Major, Yury Alexandrovich Kuleshov, Emily Rada, Anne M. Lucietto

School of Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

The paper presents a demographic analysis of college graduates in engineering technology (ET). The paper intends to investigate the graduates’ background, population, and choice of major. Graduates in ET are a much smaller population than those found in other Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) programs. Little publishing exists about who they are and how long it took to pursue their degree while examining other available demographic data. The delineation of this paper does not include computer science and computer technology programs. Several opinions exist about who these students are, where they come from, and what interests them. The paper …