Power and Energy Commons^™

Torque Vectoring To Maximize Straight-Line Efficiency In An All-Electric Vehicle With Independent Rear Motor Control, William Blake Brown

Theses and Dissertations

BEVs are a critical pathway towards achieving energy independence and meeting greenhouse and pollutant gas reduction goals in the current and future transportation sector [1]. Automotive manufacturers are increasingly investing in the refinement of electric vehicles as they are becoming an increasingly popular response to the global need for reduced transportation emissions. Therefore, there is a desire to extract the most fuel economy from a vehicle as possible. Some areas that manufacturers spend much effort on include minimizing the vehicle’s mass, body drag coefficient, and drag within the powertrain. When these values are defined or unchangeable, interest is driven to …

Modeling And Control Of A 7-Level Switched Capacitor Rectifier For Wireless Power Transfer Systems, Spencer Cochran

Doctoral Dissertations

Wireless power continues to increase in popularity for consumer device charging. Rectifier characteristics like efficiency, compactness, impedance tunability, and harmonic content make the multi-level switched capacitor rectifier (MSC) an exceptional candidate for modern WPT systems. The MSC shares the voltage conversion characteristics of a post-rectification buck-boost topology, reduces waveform distortion via its multi-level modulation scheme, demonstrates tank tunability via the phase control inherent to actively switched rectifiers, and accomplishes all this without a bulky filter inductor. In this work, the MSC WPT system operation is explained, and a loss model is constructed. A prototype system is used to validate the …

Lyapunov Function-Based Stabilizing Control Scheme For Wireless Power Transfer Systems With Lcc Compensation Network, Abu Shahir Md Khalid Hasan

LSU Master's Theses

A stabilizing control scheme based on a Lyapunov function is proposed for wireless power transfer (or WPT) systems. A state-space model of the WPT system is developed and the Lyapunov function is formulated based on an energy equation of the system involving state variables. The internal resistance of a battery varies during charge and discharge. Therefore, if a WPT system is used to charge a battery, its output load will vary. Furthermore, the coupling coefficient between the transmitter (primary) and receiver (secondary) coils decreases when they are misaligned. Comparative case studies are conducted to verify the efficacy of the proposed …

Use Of The Igbt Module In The Active Region To Design A High Current Active Filter, Jorge F. Galarraga

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Particle accelerators require high-precision magnetic fields on the order or 100ppm or less. This implies that the precision of the associated electrical current in the electromagnet that generates these fields should be smaller than 100ppm. However, conventional switching power supplies cannot offer this precision due to the frequency limitation of the switches. This research considers the use of power electronics devices operating in a linear as an alternative solution to meet the requirements of particle accelerator electromagnets.

This thesis presents the study of an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) driver using a new control method that linearizes the IGBT’s collector-emitter voltage …

Direct Torque Control For Silicon Carbide Motor Drives, Mohammad Hazzaz Mahmud

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Direct torque control (DTC) is an extensively used control method for motor drives due to its unique advantages, e.g., the fast dynamic response and the robustness against motor parameters variations, uncertainties, and external disturbances. Using higher switching frequency is generally required by DTC to reduce the torque ripples and decrease stator current total harmonic distortion (THD), which however can lower the drive efficiency. Through the use of the emerging silicon carbide (SiC) devices, which have lower switching losses compared to their silicon counterparts, it is feasible to achieve high efficiency and low torque ripple simultaneously for DTC drives.

To overcome …

Solar Pv Emulator, Tristan Studer, Cody Kremer

Electrical Engineering

The implementation of a solar PV emulator. Creating a controllable testing environment which sufficiently recreates realistic conditions a photovoltaic cell would experience in real world use. The project aims to accurately show the efficiency and reliability of a solar PV cell, opposed to an ideal model which creates unrealistic expectations. The PV emulator implements conditions such as: irradiance, soiling and temperate changes. It gives feedback on a displayed IV curve and/or PV curve so the user may graphically analyze the output their PV cell produces given various conditions. It allows the user selectable conditions the solar cell may experience this …

Active Blade Pitch And Hull-Based Structural Control Of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines, Eben Lenfest

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) have the potential to bring renewable energy to waters too deep for traditional offshore wind turbines while still being able to harness strong coastal winds in areas near population centers. However, these floating wind turbines come at a higher capital cost relative to fixed foundations and are more susceptible to vibrations induced by waves. Advances in control technologies offer the potential to reduce fatigue loads due to these vibrations, extending the life of the platform and thereby spreading the capital costs of the turbine over a longer period of time. One such advance is in …

Data Forgery Detection In Automatic Generation Control: Exploration Of Automated Parameter Generation And Low-Rate Attacks, Yatish R. Dubasi

Computer Science and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is a key control system utilized in electric power systems. AGC uses frequency and tie-line power flow measurements to determine the Area Control Error (ACE). ACE is then used by the AGC to adjust power generation and maintain an acceptable power system frequency. Attackers might inject false frequency and/or tie-line power flow measurements to mislead AGC into falsely adjusting power generation, which can harm power system operations. Various data forgery detection models are studied in this thesis. First, to make the use of predictive detection models easier for users, we propose a method for automated generation …

Improvement Of Stability Of A Grid-Connected Inverter With An Lcl Filter By Robust Strong Active Damping And Model Predictive Control, Seungyong Lee

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study addresses development and implementation of robust control methods for a three-phase grid-connected voltage source inverter (VSI) accompanied by an inductive-capacitive-inductive (LCL) filter. A challenge of current control for the VSI is LCL filter resonance near to the control stability boundary, which interacts with the inverter control switching actions and creates the possibility of instability. In general, active damping is needed to stabilize the system and ensure robust performance in steady-state and dynamic responses. While many active damping methods have been proposed to resolve this issue, capacitor-current-feedback active damping has been most widely used for its simple implementation.

There …

Condition Monitoring And Fault Tolerant Control Techniques In Electric Vehicle Drives, Hassan H. Eldeeb

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

With the growth in the electric vehicles (EV) use, transportation electrification methodologies ensure improved reliability and security of the EVs and its powertrain as significant factors to consider. Any failure in the EV’s motor drive system or any of its components will directly impact the powertrain's reliability and passenger safety. Due to their robustness and mature design, EV powertrains utilize vector-controlled power inverter-fed induction motor (IM) as their drive system. Therefore, fast, reliable, non-destructive, and non-invasive fault diagnosis (FD) and condition monitoring (CM) techniques are required to detect faults in EV drive systems at their development stage.

Two novel real-time …

Digital Twin-Based Cooperative Control Techniques For Secure And Intelligent Operation Of Distributed Microgrids, Ahmed Aly Saad Ahmed

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Networked microgrids play a key role in constructing future active distribution networks for providing the power system with resiliency and reliability against catastrophic physical and cyber incidents. Motivated by the increasing penetration of renewable resources and energy storage systems in the distribution grids, utility companies are encouraged to unleash the capabilities of the distributed microgrid to work as virtual power plants that can support the power systems. The microgrids nature is transforming the grid and their control systems from centralized architecture into distributed architectures. The distributed networked microgrids introduced many benefits to the future smart grids, it created many challenges …

Control Hierarchies For Critical Infrastructures In Smart Grid Using Reinforcement Learning And Metaheuristic Optimization, Oindrilla Dutta

Dissertations and Theses

The objective of this work is to develop robust control framework for interdependent smart grid infrastructures comprising two critical infrastructures: 1) power distribution networks that are characterized by high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs), and 2) DC-rail transportation systems in congested urban areas. The rising integration of DERs into the power grid is causing a paradigm shift in the power distribution network. Consequently, new control challenges for efficient and robust operation of the power grid have surfaced. For instance, the intermittency of renewable energy resources necessitates coordinated control of power flows, voltage regulators, and protection device settings of the …

Consensus Based Control Strategy For Virtual Synchronous Generators In Microgrids, Anusha Kandula

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Renewable energy sources such as photo-voltaic and wind energy are integrating very rapidly in power systems. These energy-based systems typically adopt power-electronic interfaced inverters to connect to the grid. However, unlike traditional generators, these sources have low inertia, resulting in system stability issues, especially in microgrids where they are the primary sources. To mitigate the low-inertia effect, the inverters are modeled as virtual synchronous generators (VSG), and their control is designed. The VSG emulates the inertia effect of the synchronous generator and maintains the stability of the system. Even though the droop control provides the primary control, it is insufficient …

Analysis Of Three-Phase Rectifier Via Three Different Control Methods And Switch Power Loss Comparison, Yichao Wang

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Traditional uncontrolled or phase-controlled rectifiers have the defects of lower power factor and nontrivial higher harmonics which causes the low efficiency of power, bad power quality, and so on. However, PWM rectifiers overcome the drawbacks mentioned above. They reduce the higher harmonics yielding better sinusoidal current on the grid side, achieve unity power factor and bidirectional power flow, and have better dynamic performance. So, it is favored more by academia and widely applied in high-performance power electronics devices. In this paper, the PWM rectifier is analyzed and a comparison of the switch loss on three-phase rectifier using three different control …

Implementation Of Model-Free Adaptive Power Flow Control For Dual-Active-Bridge-Based Ac-Dc Converters, Qinghang Shen

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

With the rising energy consumption and environment destruction problems worldwide, the development of renewable energy and energy recapture methods to improve the energy utilization rate has become more important as two of the most efficient processes to solve those problems. Bidirectional AC/DC converter and its modulation strategies are widely used as the essential part of implementing bidirectional power conversion between power grid and energy storage systems. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of the power conversion within AC/DC converters, a stable, robust power flow control system with quick response and disturbance rejection ability is desired. This thesis proposes a model-free …

Light Loaded Automated Guided Vehicle, Marcus Radtka, Nazar Paramashchuk, Lawrence Shevock

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The objective of the locomotion system was to design and implement the mechanical, electrical, and software related functions to ensure the LLAGV had the capability of maneuvering its surroundings. The LLAGV’s motors were represented in an open loop transfer function to utilize RPM feedback and a compensator when needed. The modeled compensator helped control the LLAGV’s speed and acceleration, enabling further control of the LLAGV. The internal circuitry has the means to properly distributed power to all components and allowed the user to control the LLAGV to their desire. The application software within the LLAGV locomotion system (LLAGV-LS) had consideration …

Robust Control Of A Multi-Phase Interleaved Boost Converter For Photovoltaic Application Using Μ-Synthesis Approach, Badur Mueedh Alharbi

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The high demand of energy efficiency has led to the development power converter topologies and control system designs within the field of power electronics. Recent advances of interleaved boost converters have showed improved features between the power conversion topologies in several aspects, including power quality, efficiency, sustainability and reliability.

Interleaved boost converter with multi-phase technique for PV system is an attractive area for distributed power generation. During load variation or power supply changes due to the weather changes the output voltage requires a robust control to maintain stable and perform robustness.

Connecting converters in series and parallel have the advantages …

Fractional Order Identification Method And Control: Development Of Control For Non-Minimum Phase Fractional Order System, Majid Abdullah Alhomim

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The increasing use of renewable energy has resulted in the need for improved a dc-dc converters. This type of electronic-based equipment is needed to interface the dc voltages normally encountered with solar arrays and battery systems to voltage levels suitable for connecting three phase inverters to distribution level networks. As grid-connected solar power levels continue to increase, there is a corresponding need for improved modeling and control of power electronic converters. In particular, higher levels of boost ratios are needed to connect low voltage circuits (less than 1000 V) to medium voltage levels in the range of 13 kV to …

Field Testing The Effects Of Low Reynolds Number On The Power Performance Of The Cal Poly Wind Power Research Center Small Wind Turbine, John B. Cunningham

Master's Theses

This thesis report investigates the effects of low Reynolds number on the power performance of a 3.74 m diameter horizontal axis wind turbine. The small wind turbine was field tested at the Cal Poly Wind Power Research Center to acquire its coefficient of performance, C­_p, vs. tip speed ratio, λ, characteristics. A description of both the wind turbine and test setup are provided. Data filtration and processing techniques were developed to ensure a valid method to analyze and characterize wind power measurements taken in a highly variable environment. The test results demonstrated a significant drop in the …

Research And Simulation Of Dc Microgrid Three-Phase Ac-Dc Converter Control Strategy Based On Double Loop, Boning Wu, Zhiqiang Gao, Xuesong Zhou, Youjie Ma, Chenglong Wang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The new voltage and current double loop control strategy is proposed to solve the DC microgrid bus voltage fluctuation caused by loads fluctuation, parameters perturbation and unbalanced three-phase power supply. Firstly, the dq axis mathematical model of three-phase AC-DC bidirectional converter in DC microgrid is analyzed and established, and then the controllers are designed according to the dq axis mathematical model. The outer loop is a voltage loop based on variable gain linear extended state observer (VGLESO) and sliding mode theory. VGLESO can not only effectively overcome the problem of peak output of traditional high-gain LESO in the initial stage …

Model-Based Control Methods To Improve The Power Qualify Of Grid-Connected Single-Phase Inverters., Moath Alqatamin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Power electronic converters are commonly used for interfacing distributing generation sources (DGs) to the electrical power system networks. This is necessary because these DGs usually have different output characteristics and cannot be connected directly to the local load and/or the grid. The power electronic front-end converter is an inverter whose dc link is fed by an ac/dc converter or by a dc/dc converter, according to the DG source type. The commercial front-end inverters are designed to operate either in grid-connected (GC) mode or in stand-alone (SA) mode. In the SA mode, the inverter is connected to local load, but in …

Towards High Efficiency And High Power Density Converter: System Level Design, Modulation, And Active Emi Filters, Hongwu Peng

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Power converter exposes strong challenges to its efficiency, power density and reliability. For the grid-connected inverter application, three-level (3-L) T-type neutral-point-clamped (TNPC) inverters has higher efficiency and lower total harmonic distortion (THD) compared to two-level inverter. Hybrid switch concept combines the benefit of both silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET and Si IGBT. By applying hybrid switch structure in 3-L T-type inverter, the total power density of 3-L TNPC inverter will be higher while the cost will be lower than that of all-SiC 3-L T-type inverter. The hybrid switch based 3-L TNPC inverter also imposes challenge to its modulation and control, a …

High- And Low-Voltage Mitigation In Distribution Systems Using Residential Static Volt-Ampere Reactive Compensators, Andrés Valdepeña Delgado

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Power distribution systems are experiencing a fast transformation from simple one-way radial feeders to complex systems with multiple sources and bidirectional power flows. The rapid increase of Distributed Generation (DG) connected to the distribution system over the last decade, especially solar photovoltaic (PV), has been the key element to this transformation.

The variable nature of PV-based DG has increased the complexity of voltage regulation in distribution systems. Electric Utilities are facing an increasing number of voltage issues in distribution systems with high penetration of DGs, leading customers to experience voltage levels outside of range A of the ANSI C84.1 standard. …

Optimizing Llrf Parameters In The Electron-Ion Collider, William M. Bjorndahl

Physics

To improve particle interaction in the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), we investigated different feedback implementations to control the accelerating voltage and examined the power and beam phase for each instance. Using MATLAB, we studied three feedback mechanisms: Direct, One Turn, and Feedforward. Enacting feedforward yielded the best performance. To minimize the klystron power consumption, we analyzed different Low-Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) parameters such as detuning. Combining theory and simulated results, we found the optimal detuning value that minimizes klystron power consumption.

Residential Thermal Storage And Cooling, Joao Marcelo Rocha Belmonte, Jacob Anderson, Andrew Clarke, Daphne Forester, Bianca Hardtke, Josh Hartman, Marc D. Compere

Sustainability Conference

No abstract provided.

Dual-Axis Solar Tracker, Bryan Kennedy

All Undergraduate Projects

Renewable energies, and fuels that are not fossil fuel-based, are one of the prolific topics of debate in modern society. With climate change now becoming a primary focus for scientists and innovators of today, one of the areas for the largest amount of potential and growth is that of the capturing and utilization of Solar Energy. This method involves using a mechanical system to track the progression of the sun as it traverses the sky throughout the day. A dual-axis solar tracker such as the one designed and built for this project, can follow the sun both azimuthally and in …

Landing Throttleable Hybrid Rockets With Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning In A Simulated Environment, Francesco Alessandro Stefano Mikulis-Borsoi

Honors Theses and Capstones

In this paper, I develop a hierarchical Markov Decision Process (MDP) structure for completing the task of vertical rocket landing. I start by covering the background of this problem, and formally defining its constraints. In order to reduce mistakes while formulating different MDPs, I define and develop the criteria for a standardized MDP definition format. I then decompose the problem into several sub-problems of vertical landing, namely velocity control and vertical stability control. By exploiting MDP coupling and symmetrical properties, I am able to significantly reduce the size of the state space compared to a unified MDP formulation. This paper …

A Four-Port Bidirectional Dc-Dc Converter For Renewable Energy System And Microgrid, Xia Du

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Renewable energy has nowadays become important in electrical power applications. Power converters play an important role in integrating these distributed energy sources. However, due to their intermittence characteristics, e.g., the output power provided by the PV and wind turbine is not stable, either an energy storage system will be used or microgrid is formed between the main grid and the sources. To integrate these renewable energy sources and manage the power flow, a multiport converter is preferred because it is highly beneficial and cost-efficiently than the traditional solution that using multiple individual power converter for each source. This thesis proposed …

Control Of A Grid-Tied Single-Phase Inverter For Renewable Energy Integration, Dianzhi Yu

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

With increasing demand for generating electricity from clean energy, renewable energy sources (RESs), such as wind and solar, has gained much attention due to the clean and quiet characteristics. In many applications, connecting multiple RESs of different types (e.g., wind and solar), voltages, and capacities to a power grid or load is required. Single- phase inverters have been widely installed in residential power system to meet the full or partial load demand. In this work, multiport converters were developed for integrating multiple RESs, wind turbine and photovoltaic (PV) panel. Since the intermittent characteristic of the RESs, an energy storage device, …

A Four-Port Dc-Dc Converter For A Hybrid Wind/Solar Energy System, Jiahong Ning

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

With the increasing demand for clean and hybrid energy in the last decades, more and more attentions are paid to the renewable energy, e.g., wind and solar energy. According to the International Energy Agency, solar power was growing-fastest source in the world. In a hybrid wind/solar system, power converters play an important role in in power management and the voltage regulation. Gradually, power systems have undergone a paradigm shift from centralized generation to distributed generation. Smart grid, which is a combination of power systems and communication networks, was proposed to allow power systems to fit the future system challenge. However, …