Power and Energy Commons^™

Round Trip Time Measurement Over Microgrid Power Network, Yasin Emir Kutlu, Ruairí De Fréin, Malabika Basu, Ali Malik

Conference papers

A focus of the Power Systems and Networking communities is the design and deployment of Microgrid (MG) integration systems that ensure that quality of service targets are met for load sharing systems at different endpoints. This paper presents an integrated Microgrid testbed that allows Microgrids endpoints to share their current, voltage and power values using a Network Published Shared Variable (NPSV) approach. We present Round Trip Time (RTT) measurements for time sensitive Microgrid control traffic in the presence of varying background traffic as an example quality of service measurement. Numerical results are presented using a range of different background traffic …

Poster: Round Trip Time Measurement Over Microgrid Power Network, Yasin Emir Kutlu, Ruairí De Fréin, Malabika Basu, Ali Malik

Conference papers

A focus of the Power Systems and Networking communities is the design and deployment of Microgrid (MG) integration systems that ensure that quality of service targets are met for load sharing systems at different endpoints. This paper presents an integrated Microgrid testbed that allows Microgrids endpoints to share their current, voltage and power values using a Network Published Shared Variable (NPSV) approach. We present Round Trip Time (RTT) measurements for time sensitive Microgrid control traffic in the presence of varying background traffic as an example quality of service measurement. Numerical results are presented using a range of different background traffic …

Integrated Dc Microgrid Testbed For Qos Evaluation, Yasin Emir Kutlu, Ruairí De Fréin, Malabika Basu, Ali Malik

Conference papers

This poster describes the development of an integrated Direct Current (DC) Microgrid (MG) testbed, consisting of power system and computer networking hardware, e.g. Cisco 4331 Integrated Services Routers (ISR) and 500W AC/DC power supplies, to test the Quality of Service (QoS) of MG control packets which are delivered over Layer-2 and Layer-3 networking topologies. It facilitates an examination of control packets between MG end-points, that enable real-time power load sharing, in the presence of background computer network traffic such as video streaming. The effects of difference levels of background traffic on the round trip time of control packets are demonstrated.

Control And Design Of A Passive Solar Lumber Drying Kiln, Peter Chardavoyne

Honors Scholar Theses

The passive solar lumber drying kiln design, developed by EE Senior Design Team 2317 is presented, tested, and discussed. The design incorporates solar power and a custom control system to dry 12’ lumber boards inside a shipping container much faster than air-drying methods, which can take up to a year for thorough drying, though this can be extended due to the unpredictability of weather events and conditions. This work presents the design as in the final report provided by the team, but provides a more detailed explanation and analysis of the microcontroller system, testing methods and outcomes, alternate solutions and …

Chatgpt As Metamorphosis Designer For The Future Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai): A Conceptual Investigation, Amarjit Kumar Singh (Library Assistant), Dr. Pankaj Mathur (Deputy Librarian)

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is to explore ChatGPT’s potential as an innovative designer tool for the future development of artificial intelligence. Specifically, this conceptual investigation aims to analyze ChatGPT’s capabilities as a tool for designing and developing near about human intelligent systems for futuristic used and developed in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Also with the helps of this paper, researchers are analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of ChatGPT as a tool, and identify possible areas for improvement in its development and implementation. This investigation focused on the various features and functions of ChatGPT that …

Parameter Estimation And Charge Control In Standalone And Grid-Tied Batteries, Asadullah Khalid

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Energy storage systems are the critical components enabling an electrified future ranging from electric vehicles (EVs) to microgrid (MG) applications. With the advancements in these applications, the operational dynamics of electrochemical energy storage such as Lithium-ion batteries need to be analyzed from the lifecycle impact, cybersecurity, balancing requirements, and prognostics perspectives. These operations enable the interconnected systems to be secure, efficient, and self-adaptive while reducing greenhouse emissions.

This research aims to develop threefold solutions. The first objective of this dissertation is to analyze lifecycle impact, quantify the interconnection requirements of battery energy storage systems, and evaluate cybersecurity frameworks for battery …

Condition Monitoring And Fault Tolerant Control Techniques In Electric Vehicle Drives, Hassan H. Eldeeb

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

With the growth in the electric vehicles (EV) use, transportation electrification methodologies ensure improved reliability and security of the EVs and its powertrain as significant factors to consider. Any failure in the EV’s motor drive system or any of its components will directly impact the powertrain's reliability and passenger safety. Due to their robustness and mature design, EV powertrains utilize vector-controlled power inverter-fed induction motor (IM) as their drive system. Therefore, fast, reliable, non-destructive, and non-invasive fault diagnosis (FD) and condition monitoring (CM) techniques are required to detect faults in EV drive systems at their development stage.

Two novel real-time …

Digital Twin-Based Cooperative Control Techniques For Secure And Intelligent Operation Of Distributed Microgrids, Ahmed Aly Saad Ahmed

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Networked microgrids play a key role in constructing future active distribution networks for providing the power system with resiliency and reliability against catastrophic physical and cyber incidents. Motivated by the increasing penetration of renewable resources and energy storage systems in the distribution grids, utility companies are encouraged to unleash the capabilities of the distributed microgrid to work as virtual power plants that can support the power systems. The microgrids nature is transforming the grid and their control systems from centralized architecture into distributed architectures. The distributed networked microgrids introduced many benefits to the future smart grids, it created many challenges …

Research And Simulation Of Dc Microgrid Three-Phase Ac-Dc Converter Control Strategy Based On Double Loop, Boning Wu, Zhiqiang Gao, Xuesong Zhou, Youjie Ma, Chenglong Wang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The new voltage and current double loop control strategy is proposed to solve the DC microgrid bus voltage fluctuation caused by loads fluctuation, parameters perturbation and unbalanced three-phase power supply. Firstly, the dq axis mathematical model of three-phase AC-DC bidirectional converter in DC microgrid is analyzed and established, and then the controllers are designed according to the dq axis mathematical model. The outer loop is a voltage loop based on variable gain linear extended state observer (VGLESO) and sliding mode theory. VGLESO can not only effectively overcome the problem of peak output of traditional high-gain LESO in the initial stage …

The Picture Fuzzy Distance Measure In Controlling Network Power Consumption, Florentin Smarandache, Ngan Thi Roan, Salvador Coll Arnau, Marina Alonso Diaz, Juan Miguel Martinez Rubio, Pedro Lopez, Fran Andujar, Son Hoang Lee, Manh Van Vu

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In order to solve the complex decision making problems, there are many approaches and systems based on fuzzy theory were proposed.

Protection Of Active Distribution Networks And Their Cyber Physical Infrastructure, Hany Fawzy Kamel Habib

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Today’s Smart Grid constitutes several smaller interconnected microgrids. However, the integration of converter-interfaced distributed generation (DG) in microgrids has raised several issues such as the fact that fault currents in these systems in islanded mode are way less than those in grid connected microgrids. Therefore, microgrid protection schemes require a fast, reliable and robust communication system, with backup, to automatically adjust relay settings for the appropriate current levels according to the microgrid’s operation mode. However, risks of communication link failures, cyber security threats and the high cost involved to avoid them are major challenges for the implementation of an economic …

Effect Of Wireless Communication Delay On Dc Microgrids Performance, Mahmoud Saleh, Yusef Esa, Ahmed Mohamed

Publications and Research

This paper investigates the effect of wireless communication technologies latency on the converters and the bus voltage of centrally communication based controlled DC microgrids (MGs) during islanding. A DC microgrid with its communication based control scheme was modeled to show the impact of latency. Simulation results show that the impact may be severe depending on the design, and the operational condition of the microgrid before latency occurs.

Impact Of Communication Latency On The Bus Voltage Of Centrally Controlled Dc Microgrid During Islanding, Mahmoud Saleh, Yusef Esa, Ahmed Mohamed

Publications and Research

Maintaining a sustainable and reliable source of energy to supply critical loads within a renewable energy based microgrid (MG) during blackouts is directly related to its bus voltage variations. For example, voltage variation might trigger protection devices and disconnect DERs within the MG. Centrally controlled MGs (CCMGs) type is dependent on communication. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the impact of communication networks performance degradation, such as latency, on the bus voltage of CCMGs. This paper investigates the effect of wireless communication technologies latency on the bus voltage and performance of centralized DC MGs. Two mathematical models were developed …

Applications Of Complex Network Analysis In Electric Power Systems, Mahmoud Saleh, Yusef Esa, Ahmed Mohamed

Publications and Research

This paper provides a review of the research conducted on complex network analysis (CNA) in electric power systems. Moreover, a new approach is presented to find optimal locations for microgrids (MGs) in electric distribution systems (EDS) utilizing complex network analysis. The optimal placement in this paper points to the location that will result in enhanced grid resilience, reduced power losses and line loading, better voltage stability, and a supply to critical loads during a blackout. The criteria used to point out the optimal placement of the MGs were predicated on the centrality analysis selected from the complex network theory, the …

Communication Based Control For Dc Microgrids, Mahmoud S. Saleh, Yusef Esa, Ahmed Mohamed

Publications and Research

Centralized communication-based control is one of the main methods that can be implemented to achieve autonomous advanced energy management capabilities in DC microgrids. However, its major limitation is the fact that communication bandwidth and computation resources are limited in practical applications. This can be often improved by avoiding redundant communications and complex computations. In this paper, an autonomous communication-based hybrid state/event driven control scheme is proposed. This control scheme is hierarchical and heuristic, such that on the primary control level, it encompasses state-driven local controllers, and on the secondary control level, an event-driven MG centralized controller (MGCC) is used. This …

Energy Management Algorithm For Resilient Controlled Delivery Grids, Mahmoud Saleh, Yusef Esa, Ahmed Mohamed, Haim Grebel, Roberto Rojas-Cessa

Publications and Research

Resilience of the power grid is most challenged at power blackouts since the issues that led to it may not be fully resolved by the time the power is back. In this paper, a Real-Time Energy Management Algorithm (RTEMA) has been developed to increase the resilience of power systems based on the controlled delivery grid (CDG) concept. In a CDG, loads communicate with a central controller, periodically sending requests for power. The central controller runs an algorithm, based on which it may decide whether to grant the requested energy fully or partially. Therefore, the CDG limits loads discretionary access to …

Quantitative Analysis Of Regenerative Energy In Electric Rail Traction Systems, Mahmoud Saleh, Oindrilla Dutta, Yusef Esa, Ahmed Mohamed

Publications and Research

This paper aims at determining the influential factors affecting regenerative braking energy in DC rail transit systems. This has been achieved by quantitatively evaluating the dependence of regenerative energy on various parameters, such as vehicle dynamics, train scheduling, ground inclination and efficiency of the electrical devices. The recuperated power and energy have been presented by a mathematical model, comprising of a set of empirical forms, which allows for thorough analysis. A detailed simulation model of a typical DC-traction system has been developed to validate the developed empirical forms. The results verified the validity of the proposed mathematical model, and demonstrated …

Optimal Microgrids Placement In Electric Distribution Systems Using Complex Network Framework, Mahmoud Saleh, Yusef Esa, Nwabueze Onuorah, Ahmed Mohamed

Publications and Research

This paper provides a new approach to find the optimal location for Microgrids (MGs) in electric distribution systems using complex network analysis. An optimal location in this paper refers to a location that would result in increased grid resilience, reduced power losses, less line loading, higher voltage stability and secured supply to critical loads during power outage. The criteria used to find the optimal placement of MGs were based on the centrality analysis adopted from complex network theory, the center of mass concept used in physics, and the controlled delivery grid (CDG) concept. An IEEE 30-bus system was used as …

A Novel Time-Domain Method Of Fault Diagnosis In Induction Motors, Bryan J. Davis

Honors Scholar Theses

This paper introduces a novel time-domain method for detecting the four major types of induction motor faults without requiring complex signal processing or additional sensors other than those already in place for closed-loop motor control. This method artificially modulates the motor current feedback signal with a perturbed frequency that oscillates about the characteristic frequency of the fault in question. After filtering out the unwanted frequency components that result from the modulation, the selected fault-indicative component is a very slow sinusoid that is only present when the fault is present. The method looks for this fault-indicative component by monitoring the time …

Co-Design Of Security Aware Power System Distribution Architecture As Cyber Physical System, Tarek Youssef

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The modern smart grid would involve deep integration between measurement nodes, communication systems, artificial intelligence, power electronics and distributed resources. On one hand, this type of integration can dramatically improve the grid performance and efficiency, but on the other, it can also introduce new types of vulnerabilities to the grid. To obtain the best performance, while minimizing the risk of vulnerabilities, the physical power system must be designed as a security aware system.

In this dissertation, an interoperability and communication framework for microgrid control and Cyber Physical system enhancements is designed and implemented taking into account cyber and physical security …

Centralized Control For Dc Microgrid Using Finite State Machine, Mahmoud Saleh, Yusef Esa, Ahmed Mohamed

Publications and Research

In this paper, an autonomous communication-based centralized control for DC microgrids (MG) has been developed and implemented. The proposed controller enables smooth transition between various operating modes. Finite state machine (FSM) has been used to mathematically describe the various operating modes (states), and events that may lead to mode changes (transitions). Therefore, the developed centralized controller aims at optimizing the performance of MG during all possible operational scenarios, while maintaining its reliability and stability. Results of selected cases have been presented. These results show stable transition between modes, verifying the validity and applicability of the proposed controller.

Design And Implementation Of Ccny Dc Microgrid Testbed, Mahmoud Saleh, Yusef Esa, Yassine Mhandi, Werner Brandauer, Ahmed Mohamed

Publications and Research

This paper presents the design, control, energy management, and implementation of the City College of New York (CCNY) direct current (DC) microgrid laboratory testbed. This facility was custom designed and implemented by researchers at CCNY with minimal off-the-shelf components to enable significant flexibility and reconfiguration capability. The microgrid consists of renewable energy resources, energy storage system and controllable loads, and can operate in either a grid-connected or an islanded mode. The design steps, requirements, and results of the developed testbed were discussed. Moreover, several operational scenarios were tested. The experimental results verify the applicability and flexibility of the developed microgrid …

Impact Of Clustering Microgrids On Their Stability And Resilience During Blackouts, Mahmoud S. Saleh, Ammar Althaibani, Yusef Esa, Yassine Mhandi, Ahmed Mohamed

Publications and Research

In this paper, the impact of clustering multiple microgrids during blackouts, on their stability and supply availability, will be investigated. Microgrids have the capability of satisfying their emergency loads during blackouts. However, distributed energy resources (DERs)-dominated microgrids are affected by the uncertainty of their input energy supply, e.g. impact of solar irradiance on photovoltaic (PV) output. Moreover, an individual islanded microgrid is prone to instability issues due to large sudden load/generation changes. In order to increase the supply security, and enhance system stability, we propose to use the existing distribution grid infrastructure, if applicable, during blackouts to form microgrid clusters. …

Fully Decentralized Multi-Agent System For Optimal Microgrid Control, Ricardo De Azevedo

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In preparation for the influx of renewable energy sources that will be added to the electrical system, flexible and adaptable control schemes are necessary to accommodate the changing infrastructure. Microgrids have been gaining much attention as the main solution to the challenges of distributed and intermittent generation, but due to their low inertia, they need fast-acting control systems in order to maintain stability. Multi-Agent Systems have been proposed as dynamic control and communication frameworks. Decentralized arrangements of agents can provide resiliency and the much-desired “plug and play” behavior. This thesis describes a control system that implements droop control and the …

Fast Sequence Component Analysis For Attack Detection In Synchrophasor Networks, Jordan Landford, Rich Meier, Richard Barella, Xinghui Zhao, Robert B. Bass, Scott Wallace

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Modern power systems have begun integrating synchrophasor technologies into part of daily operations. Given the amount of solutions offered and the maturity rate of application development it is not a matter of "if" but a matter of "when" in regards to these technologies becoming ubiquitous in control centers around the world. While the benefits are numerous, the functionality of operator-level applications can easily be nullified by injection of deceptive data signals disguised as genuine measurements. Such deceptive action is a common precursor to nefarious, often malicious activity. A correlation coefficient characterization and machine learning methodology are proposed to detect and …

Time-Delay Switch Attack On Networked Control Systems, Effects And Countermeasures, Arman Sargolzaei

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, the security of networked control systems (NCSs) has been an important challenge for many researchers. Although the security schemes for networked control systems have advanced in the past several years, there have been many acknowledged cyber attacks. As a result, this dissertation proposes the use of a novel time-delay switch (TDS) attack by introducing time delays into the dynamics of NCSs. Such an attack has devastating effects on NCSs if prevention techniques and countermeasures are not considered in the design of these systems. To overcome the stability issue caused by TDS attacks, this dissertation proposes a new …

Hybrid Power System Intelligent Operation And Protection Involving Plug-In Electric Vehicles, Tan Ma

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Two key solutions to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and increase the overall energy efficiency are to maximize the utilization of renewable energy resources (RERs) to generate energy for load consumption and to shift to low or zero emission plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) for transportation. The present U.S. aging and overburdened power grid infrastructure is under a tremendous pressure to handle the issues involved in penetration of RERS and PEVs. The future power grid should be designed with for the effective utilization of distributed RERs and distributed generations to intelligently respond to varying customer demand including PEVs with high level …

A Prototype Microwave Cavity Control Circuit For Use In Next Generation Free Electron Laser, Josh Thompson, Peter Neal Barrina, Jiayi Jiang, Joe Frisch, Steve Smith, Daniel Van Winkle

STAR Program Research Presentations

One of the current programs at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory is the Linac Coherent Light Source, or LCLS. Using the existing hardware of the last third of their linear accelerator (or “linac”), SLAC has created one of the most energetic X-ray free electron lasers (or “FEL”). Since 2009, LCLS has used this FEL to perform a wide range of experiments across all sciences, most notably ultrafast filming at the molecular scale. As requests for beam-time with this laser increases, SLAC is purposing a linac upgrade to better match this demand. This upgrade, named LCLS-II, will replace existing copper radio frequency …

Understanding Vehicular Traffic Behavior From Video: A Survey Of Unsupervised Approaches, Brendan Tran Morris, Mohan Manubhai Trivedi

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Research

Recent emerging trends for automatic behavior analysis and understanding from infrastructure video are reviewed. Research has shifted from high-resolution estimation of vehicle state and instead, pushed machine learning approaches to extract meaningful patterns in aggregates in an unsupervised fashion. These patterns represent priors on observable motion, which can be utilized to describe a scene, answer behavior questions such as where is a vehicle going, how many vehicles are performing the same action, and to detect an abnormal event. The review focuses on two main methods for scene description, trajectory clustering and topic modeling. Example applications that utilize the behavioral modeling …

Umass Amherst Green Building Guidelines 2013, Ludmilla Pavlova-Gillham, Ted Mendoza, Ezra Small, Patricia O'Flaherty, Nariman Mostafavi, Mohamed Farzinmoghadam, Somayeh Tabatabaee Pozveh

Campus Planning Reports and Plans

Facilities & Campus Services, Sustainable UMass and Campus Planning support sustainability and energy conservation initiatives by providing in-house resources to campus staff as well as designers and contractors working with the University. The UMass Amherst Green Building Guidelines provide a framework for approaching new construction and major renovation projects at UMass Amherst that are undergoing LEED certification by focusing the conversation on green building aspects that are most important to the campus. They are intended to be the beginning of a dynamic conversation between designers, environmental consultants and constructors, university stakeholders, and users of new high performance buildings.