Computer Engineering Commons^™

Projection-Based Image Registration In The Presence Of Fixed-Pattern Noise, Ernest Armstrong, Stephen C. Cain, Majeed M. Hayat

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

A computationally efficient method for image registration is investigated that can achieve an improved performance over the traditional two-dimensional (2-D) cross-correlation-based techniques in the presence of both fixed-pattern and temporal noise. The method relies on transforming each image in the sequence of frames into two vector projections formed by accumulating pixel values along the rows and columns of the image. The vector projections corresponding to successive frames are in turn used to estimate the individual horizontal and vertical components of the shift by means of a one-dimensional (1-D) cross-correlation-based estimator. While gradient-based shift estimation techniques are computationally efficient, they often …

Wright State University College Of Engineering And Computer Science Bits And Pcs Newsletter, Volume 18, Number 3, November 2001, College Of Engineering And Computer Science, Wright State University

BITs and PCs Newsletter

An eight page newsletter created by the Wright State University College of Engineering and Computer Science that addresses the current affairs of the college.

Representation, Elicitation, And Aggregation Of Uncertainty In Risk Analysis - From Traditional Probabilistic Techniques To More General, More Realistic Approaches: A Survey, Scott Ferson, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

No abstract provided.

A Realistic (Non-Associative) Logic And A Possible Explanations Of 7+-2 Law, Raul A. Trejo, Vladik Kreinovich, I. R. Goodman, Jesus Martinez, Reginaldo Gonzalez

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

When we know the subjective probabilities (degrees of belief) p1 and p2 of two statements S1 and S2, and we have no information about the relationship between these statements, then the probability of S1&S2 can take any value from the interval [max(p1+p2-1,0),min(p1,p2)]. If we must select a single number from this interval, the natural idea is to take its midpoint. The corresponding "and" operation p1&p_2=(1/2)(max(p1+p2-1,0)+min(p1,p2)) is not associative. However, since the largest possible non-associativity degree |(a&b)&c-a&(b&c)| is equal to 1/9, this non-associativity is negligible if the realistic "granular" degree of belief have granules of width <=1/9. This may explain why humans are most comfortable with <=9 items to choose from (the famous "7 plus minus 2" law).

We also show that the …

A Dipolar Coupling Based Strategy For Simultaneous Resonance Assignment And Structure Determination Of Protein Backbones, Fang Tian, Homayoun Valafar, James H. Prestegard

Faculty Publications

A new approach for simultaneous protein backbone resonance assignment and structure determination by NMR is introduced. This approach relies on recent advances in high-resolution NMR spectroscopy that allow observation of anisotropic interactions, such as dipolar couplings, from proteins partially aligned in field ordered media. Residual dipolar couplings are used for both geometric information and a filter in the assembly of residues in a sequential manner. Experimental data were collected in less than one week on a small redox protein, rubredoxin, that was 15N enriched but not enriched above 1% natural abundance in 13C. Given the acceleration possible with partial 13C …

Foci: Flexible Organizer For Competitive Intelligence, Hwee-Leng Ong, Ah-Hwee Tan, Jamie Ng, Hong Pan, Qiu-Xiang Li

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper describes how an integrated web-based application, code-named FOCI (Flexible Organizer for Competitive Intelligence), can help the knowledge worker in the gathering, organizing, tracking, and dissemination of competitive intelligence or knowledge bases on the web. It shows how text mining techniques including a novel user-configurable clustering, trend analysis and visualization techniques can be used synergistically to address the problem of managing information gathered from the web. FOCI allows a user to define and personalize the organization of the information clusters according to their needs and preferences into portfolios. Predefined sections for organizing information in specific domains is also supported. …

Statistical Evaluation Of Image Quality Measures, Ismail Avcibas, Bulent Sankur, Khalid Sayood

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

In this work we comprehensively categorize image quality measures, extend measures defined for gray scale images to their multispectral case, and propose novel image quality measures. They are categorized into pixel difference-based, correlation-based, edge-based, spectral-based, context-based and human visual system (HVS)-based measures. Furthermore we compare these measures statistically for still image compression applications. The statistical behavior of the measures and their sensitivity to coding artifacts are investigated via analysis of variance techniques. Their similarities or differences are illustrated by plotting their Kohonen maps. Measures that give consistent scores across an image class and that are sensitive to coding artifacts are …

How To Interpret Neural Networks In Terms Of Fuzzy Logic?, Sompong Dhompongsa, Vladik Kreinovich, Hung T. Nguyen

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Neural networks are a very efficient learning tool, e.g., for transforming an experience of an expert human controller into the design of an automatic controller. It is desirable to reformulate the neural network expression for the input-output function in terms most understandable to an expert controller, i.e., by using words from natural language. There are several methodologies for transforming such natural-language knowledge into a precise form; since these methodologies have to take into consideration the uncertainty (fuzziness) of natural language, they are usually called fuzzy logics.

Combining Fuzzy And Probabilistic Knowledge Using Belief Functions, Vladik Kreinovich, Claude Langrand, Hung T. Nguyen

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Some knowledge comes in probabilistic terms, some in fuzzy terms. These formalisms are drastically different, so it is difficult to combine the corresponding knowledge. A natural way to combine fuzzy and probabilistic knowledge is to find a formalism which enables us to express both types of knowledge, and then to use a combination rule from this general formalism. In this paper, as such a formalism, we propose to use belief functions. For the case when the universe of discourse is the set of all real numbers, we derive new explicit easy-to-compute analytical formulas for the resulting combination.

A Statistical Analysis For Rule Base Reduction, Vladik Kreinovich, Claude Langrand, Hung T. Nguyen

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

When we take into account more input variables in a control system, the number of rules grows exponentially. To decrease the number of rules, we propose not to explicitly state the control for every combination of input variables, but to use the "otherwise" clause. In this paper, we provide a simple statistical analysis of the resulting reduction and show, on a case study, that this reduction can indeed be drastic.

Non-Associative Operations, Bernadette Bouchon-Meunier, Vladik Kreinovich, Hung T. Nguyen

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

How is fuzzy logic usually formalized? There are many seemingly reasonable requirements that a logic should satisfy: e.g., since A&B and B&A are the same, the corresponding and-operation should be commutative. Similarly, since A&A means the same as A, we should expect that the and-operation should also satisfy this property, etc. It turns out to be impossible to satisfy all these seemingly natural requirements, so usually, some requirements are picked as absolutely true (like commutativity or associativity), and others are ignored if they contradict to the picked ones. This idea leads to a neat mathematical theory, but the analysis of …

Constrained Fuzzy Arithmetic, Vladik Kreinovich, Mirko Navara, Zdenek Zabokrtsky

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

No abstract provided.

Interval Mathematics: Algebraic Aspects, Sompong Dhompongsa, Vladik Kreinovich, Hung T. Nguyen

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Many application-oriented mathematical models deal with real numbers. In real life, due to the inevitable measurement inaccuracy, we do not know the exact values of the measured quantities, we know, at best, the intervals of possible values. It is thus desirable to analyze how the corresponding mathematical results will look if we replace numbers by intervals.

Aerospace Applications Of Intervals: From Geospatial Data Processing To Fault Detection In Aerospace Structures, Vladik Kreinovich, Scott A. Starks

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

This paper presents a brief introduction into interval computations and their use in aerospace applications.

Reifying Communication At The Application Level, Andrew P. Black, Jie Huang, Jonathan Walpole

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Middleware, from the earliest RPC systems to recent Object-Oriented Remote Message Sending (RMS) systems such as Java RMI and CORBA, claims transparency as one of its main attributes. Coulouris et al. define transparency as “the concealment from the … application programmer of the separation of components in a distributed system.” They go on to identify eight different kinds of transparency.

We considered titling this paper “Transparency Considered Harmful”, but that title is misleading because it implies that all kinds of transparency are bad. This is not our view. Rather, we believe that the choice of which transparencies should be offered …

Wright State University College Of Engineering And Computer Science Bits And Pcs Newsletter, Volume 18, Number 2, October 2001, College Of Engineering And Computer Science, Wright State University

BITs and PCs Newsletter

An eight page newsletter created by the Wright State University College of Engineering and Computer Science that addresses the current affairs of the college.

2001 (Fall) Ensi Informer Magazine, Morehead State University. Engineering Sciences Department

ENSI Informer Magazine Archive

The ENSI Informer Magazine published in the fall of 2001.

On Clustering And Retrieval Of Video Shots, Chong-Wah Ngo, Ting-Chuen Pong, Hong-Jiang Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Clustering of video data is an important issue in video abstraction, browsing and retrieval. In this paper, we propose a two-level hierarchical clustering approach by aggregating shots with similar motion and color features. Motion features are computed directly from 20 tensor histograms, while color features are represented by 30 color histograms. Cluster validity analysis is further applied to automatically determine the number of clusters at each level. Video retrieval can then be done directly based on the result of clustering. The proposed approach is found to be useful particularly for sports games, where motion and color are important visual cues …

Hyperbolic Approach To Fuzzy Control Is Optimal, Hung T. Nguyen, Vladik Kreinovich, Michael Margaliot, Gideon Langholtz

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In a series of papers and a book, M. Margaliot and G. Langholz proposed a hyperbolic approach to fuzzy control, in which they apply a certain hyperbolic non-linear transformation to the original variables. In this paper, we consider all possible non-linear transformations of this type and show that this hyperbolic transformation is indeed optimal.

Logic-Motivated Choice Of Fuzzy Logic Operators, Pratit Santiprabhob, Hung T. Nguyen, Witold Pedrycz, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Many different "and"- and "or"-operations have been proposed for use in fuzzy logic; it is therefore important to select, for each particular application, the operations which are the best for this particular application. Several papers discuss the optimal choice of "and"- and "or"-operations for fuzzy control, when the main criterion is to get the stablest control (or the smoothest or the most robust or the fastest-to-compute). In reasoning applications, however, it is more appropriate to select operations which are the best in reflecting human reasoning, i.e., operations which are "the most logical". In this paper, we explain how we can …

Discrete (Set) Derivatives And "Algebraic" Fuzzy Logic Operations, Bernadette Bouchon-Meunier, Hung T. Nguyen, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

We propose a new way to generalize logical operations from the discrete classical logic to a continuous fuzzy logic; namely, we propose to define derivatives for discrete case, and then to use these derivatives to derive the continuous operations. We show that this natural approach leads to "algebraic" fuzzy operations a*b and a+b-a*b.

A New Derivation Of Centroid Defuzzification, Mourad Oussalah, Hung T. Nguyen, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

We describe a new symmetry-based derivation of centroid defuzzification.

Wright State University College Of Engineering And Computer Science Bits And Pcs Newsletter, Volume 18, Number 1, September 2001, College Of Engineering And Computer Science, Wright State University

BITs and PCs Newsletter

A twelve page newsletter created by the Wright State University College of Engineering and Computer Science that addresses the current affairs of the college.

Theoretical Justification Of A Heuristic Subbox Selection Criterion, Vladik Kreinovich, Tibor Csendes

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

The most widely used guaranteed methods for global optimization are probably the interval-based branch-and-bound techniques. In these techniques, we start with a single box - the entire function domain - as a possible location of the global minimum, and then, of each step, subdivide some of the boxes, use interval computations to compute the enclosure [F-(X),F+(X)] of the range f(X) of the objective function f(x) on each new sub-box X, and, based on these computations, eliminate the boxes which cannot contain the global minimum. The computational efficiency of these methods strongly depends on which boxes we select for sub-division. Traditionally, …

Critical Factors For Successful Implementation Of Enterprise Systems, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, J. Lau, J. Kuang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems have emerged as the core of successful information management and the enterprise backbone of organizations. The difficulties of ERP implementations have been widely cited in the literature but research on the critical factors for initial and ongoing ERP implementation success is rare and fragmented. Through a comprehensive review of the literature, 11 factors were found to be critical to ERP implementation success – ERP teamwork and composition; change management program and culture; top management support; business plan and vision; business process reengineering with minimum customization; project management; monitoring and evaluation of performance; effective communication; software …

Video Partitioning By Temporal Slice Coherency, Chong-Wah Ngo, Ting-Chuen Pong, Roland T. Chin

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We present a novel approach for video partitioning by detecting three essential types of camera breaks, namely cuts, wipes, and dissolves. The approach is based on the analysis of temporal slices which are extracted from the video by slicing through the sequence of video frames and collecting temporal signatures. Each of these slices contains both spatial and temporal information from which coherent regions are indicative of uninterrupted video partitions separated by camera breaks. Properties could further be extracted from the slice for both the detection and classification of camera breaks. For example, cut and wipes are detected by color-texture properties, …

Automatic Concurrency In Sequencel, Daniel E. Cooke, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

This paper presents a programming language which we believe to be most appropriate for the automation of parallel data processing, especially data processing of concern to the oil industry and to the U.S. Federal Agencies involved in the analysis of Satellite Telemetry Data. Focus is placed upon major language issues facing the development of the information power grid. The paper presents an example of the type of parallelism desired in the Grid. To implement this parallelism in such a language as Java we need to specify parallelism explicitly. We show that if we rewrite the same solution in the high …

Towards Fusing Sophisticated Mathematical Knowledge And Informal Expert Knowledge: An Arbitrary Metric Can Be Naturally Interpreted In Fuzzy Terms, Hung T. Nguyen, Vladik Kreinovich, Witold Pedrycz

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In many practical situations, we are faced with a necessity to combine sophisticated mathematical knowledge about the analyzed systems with informal expert knowledge. To make this combination natural, it is desirable to reformulate the abstract mathematical knowledge in understandable intuitive terms. In this paper, we show how this can be done for an abstract metric.

One way to define a metric is to pick certain properties P1, ..., Pn, and to define a similarity between two objects x and y as the degree to which P1(x) is similar to P1(y) and P2(x) is similar to P2(y), etc.

Similarity is naturally …

Computational Complexity Of Optimization And Crude Range Testing: A New Approach Motivated By Fuzzy Optimization, G. William Walster, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

It is often important to check whether the maximum max f of a given function f on a given set B is smaller than a given number C. This "crude range testing" (CRT) problem is one of the most important problems in the practical application of interval analysis. Empirical evidence shows that the larger the difference C - max f, the easier the test. In general, the fewer global maxima, the easier the test; and finally, the further away global maxima are from each other, the easier the test. Using standard complexity theory to explain these empirical observations fails because …

Second-Order Uncertainty As A Bridge Between Probabilistic And Fuzzy Approaches, Hung T. Nguyen, Vladik Kreinovich, Luc Longpre

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

On the example of physics, we show that the traditional one-level description is not completely adequate. For a more adequate structure, a hierarchical description of uncertainty is necessary, which supplements the more traditional first-order uncertainty with second-order, third-order and more sophisticated models. In particular, the second-order approach seems to provide a bridge between probabilistic and fuzzy approaches to uncertainty.