Computer Engineering Commons^™

Energy Efficiency Performance Improvements For Ant-Based Routing Algorithm In Wireless Sensor Networks, A. M. Zungeru, Kah Phooi Seng, Li-Minn Ang, W.C. Chia

Research outputs 2013

The main problem for event gathering in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is the restricted communication range for each node. Due to the restricted communication range and high network density, event forwarding in WSNs is very challenging and requires multihop data forwarding. Currently, the energy-efficient ant based routing (EEABR) algorithm, based on the ant colony optimization (ACO) metaheuristic, is one of the state-of-the-art energy-aware routing protocols. In this paper, we propose three improvements to the EEABR algorithm to further improve its energy efficiency. The improvements to the original EEABR are based on the following: (1) a new scheme to intelligently initialize …

Impact Of Data Resolution On Peak Hour Factor Estimation For Transportation Decisions, Jan-Mou Li, Lee D. Han, Chung-Hao Chen

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Inductance loop detection systems serve as a primary data source to contemporary traffic information systems. Measures like 20-second or 30-second average velocity, flow, and lane occupancy can be aggregated from individual loop detector actuation sampled at 60 Hz typically. Practically, these measures would sometimes be further aggregated into a much lower, e.g. 15-minute, resolution and then the raw data were lost. Valuable traffic information like flow variation may be distorted when the lower resolution aggregation is practiced. A biased conclusion could be drawn from a data integration system consisted of this kind of distortions. Three approaches estimating a peak hour …

A Model For Systematically Investigating Relationships Between Variables That Affect The Performance Of Novice Programmers, Vivian Campbell

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This research was motivated by an interest in novices learning to program

and a desire to understand the factors that affect their learning. The

traditional approach to performing such an investigation has been to select

factors which may be important and then perform statistical tests on a few

potential relationships. A new research model is proposed and tested to

ensure that a thorough and systematic investigation of the data is performed.

This thesis describes the data, defines the model and explains the

application and validation of the model.

The research process is managed by a control algorithm that is the …

On A Joint Physical Layer And Medium Access Control Sublayer Design For Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks And Applications, Mahir Lumumba Meghji

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are distributed networks comprising small sensing devices equipped with a processor, memory, power source, and often with the capability for short range wireless communication. These networks are used in various applications, and have created interest in WSN research and commercial uses, including industrial, scientific, household, military, medical and environmental domains. These initiatives have also been stimulated by the finalisation of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, which defines the medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPAN).

Future applications may require large WSNs consisting of huge numbers of inexpensive wireless sensor …

Application Of Self-Monitoring For Situational Awareness, Christopher Trickler

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Self-monitoring devices and services are used for physical wellness, personal tracking and self-improvement. These individual devices and services can only provide information based on what they can measure directly or historically without an intermediate system. This paper proposes a self-monitoring system to perform situational awareness which may extend into providing insight into predictable behaviors. Knowing an individual’s current state and likelihood of particular behaviors occurring is a general solution. This knowledge-based solution derived from sensory data has many applications. The proposed system could monitor current individual situational status, automatically provide personal status as it changes, aid personal improvement, contribute to …

Uterine Cervical Cancer Histology Image Feature Extraction And Classification, Cheng Lu

Masters Theses

"Cervical cancer, the second most common cancer affecting women worldwide and the most common in developing countries can be cured in almost all patients, if detected early and treated. However, cervical cancer incidence and mortality remain high in resource-poor regions, where early detection systems often cannot be maintained because of inherent complexity. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has collected a vast amount of visual information, 100,000 cervigrams (35 mm color slides), screening thousands of women by this technique. In addition to the cervigrams, large digitized histology images are being archived.

In this research, a framework for automatic recognition and classification …

Communication Protocols For Integrated Fiber Optic Sensor Interrogator, Tameem Ahmed Khan

Masters Theses

"Fiber optic sensors have gained rapid recognition in sensing environmental factors such as strain, stress, acoustics, pressure, temperature among emerging other sensing applications. Major advantages of fiber based systems are small size, light weight, multiplex-ability of sensors on a single fiber, and immunity to Radio Frequency (RF) interference. However, single most major disadvantage of such technology is that traditionally the interrogation systems are typically bulky and heavy lab only equipment. Embed-ability of sensors into different structures and environments requires that the whole systems (sensors + interrogator) be small, modular and portable. This thesis presents such a custom Fiber optic Sensor …

Trough-Silicon-Via Inductor: Is It Real Or Just A Fantasy?, Rongbo Yang

Masters Theses

"Through-silicon-vias (TSVs) can potentially be used to implement inductors in three-dimensional (3D) integrated system for minimal footprint and large inductance. However, different from conventional 2D spiral inductor, TSV inductors are buried in lossy substrate, thus suffering from low quality factors. This thesis presents how various process and design parameters affect their performance. A few interesting phenomena that are unique to TSV inductors are observed. We then proposed a novel shield mechanism utilizing the micro-channel, a technique conventionally used for heat removal, to reduce the substrate loss. The technique increases the quality factor and inductance of the TSV inductor by up …

A Window Of Opportunity: Assessing Behavioural Scoring, Kenneth Kennedy, Brian Mac Namee, Sarah Jane Delany, Michael O'Sullivan, Neil Watson

Articles

After credit has been granted, lenders use behavioural scoring to assess the likelihood of default occurring during some specific outcome period. This assessment is based on customers’ repayment performance over a given fixed period. Often the outcome period and fixed performance period are arbitrarily selected, causing instability in making predictions. Behavioural scoring has failed to receive the same attention from researchers as application scoring. The bias for application scoring research can be attributed, in part, to the large volume of data required for behavioural scoring studies. Furthermore, the commercial sensitivities associated with such a large pool of customer data often …

Retaining The People Who Know Your Business Exploring Knowledge Sharing As A Tool To Improve Employee Retention In The Hotel Sector, Vincent Mckenna

Dissertations

The retention of core workers in the hotel/hospitality sector is a key challenge for human resource management, organisational strategies and operational effectiveness. The purpose of this research was to investigate and evaluate the impact of the introduction of knowledge sharing tools/techniques and change in work practice on the retention attitudes of knowledge workers in two context specific environments. Problems relating to the retention of knowledge workers are not confined to Ireland and are shown in this project to be a global phenomenon.

This research project is based on a knowledge audit of core knowledge workers/assets in two context specific environments …

Detailed Comparative Analysis Of Pesq And Visqol Behaviour In The Context Of Playout Delay Adjustments Introduced By Voip Jitter Buffer Algorithms, Andrew Hines, Peter Pocta, Hugh Melvin

Conference papers

The default best-effort Internet presents significant challenges for delay-sensitive applications such as VoIP. To cope with non determinism, receiver playout strategies are utilised in VoIP applications that adapt to network condition. Such strategies can be divided into two different groups, namely per-talkspurt and per-packet. The former make use of silence periods within natural speech and adapt such silences to track network conditions, thus preserving the integrity of active speech talkspurts. Examples of this approach are described in [1, 2]. Per packet strategies are different in that adjustments are made both during silence periods and during talkspurts by time-scaling of packets, …

Indeterminate Masses, Elements And Models In Information Fusion, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper at the beginning, we make a short history of the logics, from the classical Boolean logic to the most general logic of today neutrosophic logic. We define the general logic space and give the definition of the neutrosophic logic. Then we introduce the indeterminate models in information fusion, which are due either to the existence of some indeterminate elements in the fusion space or to some indeterminate masses.

The best approach for dealing with such models is the neutrosophic logic, which is part of neutrosophy. Neutrosophic logic is connected with neutrosophic set and neutrosophic probability and statistics.

Efficient, Scalable, Parallel, Matrix-Matrix Multiplication, Enrique Portillo

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

For the past decade, power/energy consumption has become a limiting factor for large-scale and embedded High Performance Computing (HPC) systems. This is especially true for systems that include accelerators, e.g., high-end computing devices, such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), with terascale computing capabilities and high power draws that greatly surpass that of multi-core CPUs. Accordingly, improving the node-level power/energy efficiency of an application can have a direct and positive impact on both classes of HPC systems.

The research reported in this thesis explores the use of software techniques to enhance the execution-time and power-consumption performance of applications executed on a …

Anasic Design And Test Methodology For An Undergraduate Design And Fabrication Project, Arun Joseph Kurian

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

During the 1990's the main focus of chip design methodologies was on the timings and area constraints. Power consumption was considered significant only after a drastic increase of device densities from 130nm on as well as dramatic increases in sub threshold leakage. As technology advanced from 130nm to 90nm and below there was a significant increase in leakage current due to lower threshold voltage and the influence of the deep submicron effects. High power consumption causes different problems such as increasing the cost of the product, reducing the reliability, reducing the battery life among others. Therefore EDA tools were designed …

An Exploration Of Social Media Use Among Multiply Minoritized Lgbtq Youth, Alfie Leanna Lucero

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This study responds to a need for research in a fast-growing and significant area of study, that of exploring, understanding, and documenting the numerous ways that multiply marginalized LGBTQ youth between the ages of 14 and 17 use social media. The primary research question examined whether social media provide safe spaces for multiply minoritized LGBTQ youth to express and explore issues of sexuality and gender. In addition, the study explores and categorizes multiple ways that the participants interact with social media and makes comparisons to prior work with more general populations. The study provides descriptions of the participants in terms …

Orientation Invariant Ecg-Based Stethoscope Tracking For Heart Auscultation Training On Augmented Standardized Patients, Nahom Kidane, Salim Chemlal, Jiang Li, Frederic D. Mckenzie, Tom Hubbard

Computational Modeling & Simulation Engineering Faculty Publications

Auscultation, the act of listening to the heart and lung sounds, can reveal substantial information about patients’ health and other cardiac-related problems; therefore, competent training can be a key for accurate and reliable diagnosis. Standardized patients (SPs), who are healthy individuals trained to portray real patients, have been extensively used for such training and other medical teaching techniques; however, the range of symptoms and conditions they can simulate remains limited since they are only patient actors. In this work, we describe a novel tracking method for placing virtual symptoms in correct auscultation areas based on recorded ECG signals with various …

Design Of A Running Robot And The Effects Of Foot Placement In The Transverse Plane, Timothy James Sullivan

Open Access Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to make advances in the design of humanoid bipedal running robots. We focus on achieving dynamic running locomotion because it is one metric by which we can measure how far robotic technologies have advanced, in relation to existing benchmarks set by humans and other animals. Designing a running human-inspired robot is challenging because human bodies are exceptionally complex mechanisms to mimic. There are only a few humanoid robots designed specifically for running and the existing robots are either constrained to a plane, do not yet exhibit human-like motion, or are unstable.

One aspect of …

A Large Scale Distributed Syntactic, Semantic And Lexical Language Model For Machine Translation, Ming Tan

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The n-gram model is the most widely used language model (LM) in statistical machine translation system, due to its simplicity and scalability. However, it only encodes the local lexical relation between adjacent words and clearly ignores the rich syntactic and semantic structures of the natural languages. Attempting to increase the order of an n-gram to describe longer range dependencies in natural language immediately runs into the curse of dimensionality. Although previous researches tried to increase the order of n-gram on a large corpus, they did not see obvious improvement beyond 6-gram. Meanwhile, other LMs, such as syntactic language models and …

Maximizing Resource Utilization In Video Streaming Systems, Mohammad A. Alsmirat

Wayne State University Dissertations

Video streaming has recently grown dramatically in popularity over the Internet, Cable TV, and wire-less networks. Because of the resource demanding nature of video streaming applications, maximizing resource utilization in any video streaming system is a key factor to increase the scalability and decrease the cost of the system. Resources to utilize include server bandwidth, network bandwidth, battery life in battery operated devices, and processing time in limited processing power devices. In this work, we propose new techniques to maximize the utilization of video-on-demand (VOD) server resources. In addition to that, we propose new framework to maximize the utilization of …

Autonomic Management And Performance Optimization For Cloud Computing Services, Xiangping Bu

Wayne State University Dissertations

Cloud computing has become an increasingly important computing paradigm. It offers three levels of on-demand services to cloud users: software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS) . The success of cloud services heavily depends on the effectiveness of cloud management strategies. In this dissertation work, we aim to design and implement an automatic cloud management system to improve application performance, increase platform efficiency and optimize resource allocation.

For large-scale multi-component applications, especially web-based cloud applica- tions, parameter setting is crucial to the service availability and quality. The increas- ing system complexity …

Advanced Augmented Reality Telestration Techniques With Applications In Laparoscopic And Robotic Surgery, Stephen Dworzecki

Wayne State University Dissertations

The art of teaching laparoscopic or robotic surgery currently has a primary reliance on an expert surgeon tutoring a student during a live surgery. During these operations, surgeons are viewing the inside of the body through a manipulatable camera. Due to the viewpoint translation and narrow field of view, these techniques have a substantial learning curve in order to gain the mastery necessary to operate safely. In addition to moving and rotating the camera, the surgeon must also manipulate tools inserted into the body. These tools are only visible on camera, and pass through a pivot point on the body …

A Relevance Feedback-Based System For Quickly Narrowing Biomedical Literature Search Result, Massuod Hassan Alatrash

Wayne State University Dissertations

The online literature is an important source that helps people find the information. The quick increase of online literature makes the manual search process for the most relevant information a very time-consuming task and leads to sifting through many results to find the relevant ones. The existing search engines and online databases return a list of results that satisfy the user's search criteria. The list is often too long for the user to go through every hit if he/she does not exactly know what he/she wants or/and does not have time to review them one by one. My focus is …

Android Hacking And Analysis, Daun Lee

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

Evaluating And Training Intraoperative Analysis Of The Mitral Valve, Neil A. Tenenholtz

Link Foundation Modeling, Simulation and Training Fellowship Reports

Mitral valve repair is the recommended method of treating valve incompetency. However, the procedure is quite difficult and, as a result, underperformed due to surgeon’s need to predict the closed valve shape of the patient’s arrested heart. While the interactive process of predicting closed valve shape is achieved by physically manipulating valve tissue (known as valve analysis), surgical training consists of traditional, non-interactive pedagogy (e.g., book-based learning and lectures) followed by an apprenticeship model where the trainee is gradually given hands-on experience, resulting in post-medical school training that is often 10 years or greater. The continuing education of practicing cardiac …

A Semantics-Based Approach To Machine Perception, Cory Andrew Henson

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Machine perception can be formalized using semantic web technologies in order to derive abstractions from sensor data using background knowledge on the Web, and efficiently executed on resource-constrained devices. Advances in sensing technology hold the promise to revolutionize our ability to observe and understand the world around us. Yet the gap between observation and understanding is vast. As sensors are becoming more advanced and cost-effective, the result is an avalanche of data of high volume, velocity, and of varied type, leading to the problem of too much data and not enough knowledge (i.e., insights leading to actions). Current estimates predict …

A Methodology For Extracting Human Bodies From Still Images, Athanasios Tsitsoulis

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Monitoring and surveillance of humans is one of the most prominent applications of today and it is expected to be part of many future aspects of our life, for safety reasons, assisted living and many others. Many efforts have been made towards automatic and robust solutions, but the general problem is very challenging and remains still open. In this PhD dissertation we examine the problem from many perspectives. First, we study the performance of a hardware architecture designed for large-scale surveillance systems. Then, we focus on the general problem of human activity recognition, present an extensive survey of methodologies that …

Anomalies In Sensor Network Deployments: Analysis, Modeling, And Detection, Giovani Rimon Abuaitah

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

A sensor network serves as a vital source for collecting raw sensory data. Sensor data are later processed, analyzed, visualized, and reasoned over with the help of several decision making tools. A decision making process can be disastrously misled by a small portion of anomalous sensor readings. Therefore, there has been a vast demand for mechanisms that identify and then eliminate such anomalies in order to ensure the quality, integrity, and/or trustworthiness of the raw sensory data before they can even be interpreted.

Prior to identifying anomalies, it is essential to understand the various anomalous behaviors prevalent in a sensor …

Visualizing Confusion Matrices For Multidimensional Signal Detection Correlational Methods And Semantic Cluster Based Visualization In Virtual Environments, Yue Zhou

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

General Recognition Theory (GRT) is a multidimensional signal detection theory framework for capturing sources of perceptual and decisional dependence. The primary type of data for GRT models is an identification-confusion matrix derived in a complete factorial identification task. This confusion matrix plots the responses of study participant for a given signal. The responses may reveal that participants were unable to recognize the signal properly. Such violations of any type of independence in the GRT framework result in response patterns that reflect some form of correlation in the GRT space. While an individual confusion matrix is rather small and relatively easy …

Cooperative Interactive Distributed Guidance On Mobile Devices, Gregory Burnett

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Mobiles device are quickly becoming an indispensable part of our society. Equipped with numerous communication capabilities, they are increasingly being examined as potential tools for civilian and military usage to aide in distributed remote collaboration for dynamic decision making and physical task completion. With an ever growing mobile workforce, the need for remote assistance in aiding field workers who are confronted with situations outside their expertise certainly increases. Enhanced capabilities in using mobile devices could significantly improve numerous components of a task's completion (i.e. accuracy, timing, etc.). This dissertation considers the design of mobile implementation of technology and communication capabilities …

Streamsurface Smoke Effect For Visualizing Dragon Fly Cfd Data In Modern Opengl With An Emphasis On High Performance, Jordan Sipes

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Visualizing 3D, time dependent velocity vector fields is a difficult topic. Streamlines can be used to visualize 3D vector fields. A smoke effect where the streamline is faded out as time progresses can provide a better visualization of a time dependent flow. This work uses modern OpenGL to create a smoke trail effect with streamsurfaces in the dragon fly data set. Many aspects affecting performance are tested to determine the best options or approach.