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Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Mechanisms Affecting Viscosity Of Cement Paste Made With Microfines Of Manufactured Sand, Jiang Zhu, Jiaping Liu, Kamal Khayat, Xin Shu, Qianping Ran, Zhen Li Jun 2022

Mechanisms Affecting Viscosity Of Cement Paste Made With Microfines Of Manufactured Sand, Jiang Zhu, Jiaping Liu, Kamal Khayat, Xin Shu, Qianping Ran, Zhen Li

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Viscosity of cement-based materials incorporating manufactured sand is affected by the content and physical properties of the microfines in the sand. However, some of the mechanisms affecting the viscosity remain unclear. This paper investigates the effect of microfine type and content on the apparent viscosity (ηapp) and residual viscosity in/near pseudo-Newtonian regime (ηrespse−New) of cement pastes. Limestone (LS), slate (ST), and tuff (TF) microfines with different specific surface areas were investigated. Test results showed that, by deducting the greater contribution of yield stress to ηapp when using finer microfines, the increase of ηrespse−New at a given PCE dosage was mainly …

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Specialized Safety Training And Tracking For Kytc Construction And Maintenance Personnel, Gabriel Dadi, Ashtarout Ammar, Seth Atkins, Martha Horseman Jun 2022

Specialized Safety Training And Tracking For Kytc Construction And Maintenance Personnel, Gabriel Dadi, Ashtarout Ammar, Seth Atkins, Martha Horseman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

High-quality safety training is critical for educating employees in the highway construction and maintenance industry about workplace hazards and giving them tools to remove and/or minimize associated risks. But researchers and state transportation agencies have not committed enough resources to develop safety trainings that address the unique needs of this sector. This report fills in this gap for the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) by cataloguing safety training resources available through other state and federal transportation agencies, documenting trainings available to Cabinet staff, identifying and prioritizing training gaps, and critically evaluating the content, quality, and duration of training resources. A web-based …

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Bridge Project Prioritization, Bryan Gibson, Christopher Van Dyke, Sudhir Palle, Ryan Griffith, Doug Kreis Jun 2022

Bridge Project Prioritization, Bryan Gibson, Christopher Van Dyke, Sudhir Palle, Ryan Griffith, Doug Kreis

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Kentucky’s 14,000+ bridges are key nodes within the state’s surface transportation network. They facilitate the movement of freight, commercial vehicles, and personal vehicles alike. Historically, the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) has prioritized bridge maintenance projects using sufficiency ratings. These ratings are based on three factors — structural adequacy and safety, design obsolescence, and an asset’s importance within the roadway network. Although useful, sufficiency ratings do not account for factors that should be considered during the prioritization process (e.g., condition factors, risk). To address the shortcomings associated with using sufficiency ratings, KYTC — with the assistance of the Kentucky Transportation Center …

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Risk-Based Project Development, Steve Waddle, Ying Li, Christopher Van Dyke Jun 2022

Risk-Based Project Development, Steve Waddle, Ying Li, Christopher Van Dyke

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Risk management is integral to highway project development. Managing risk entails identifying uncertainties which could influence project activities, understanding how they can be mitigated or eliminated, and monitoring risk during project development. Many state transportation agencies have introduced methods for identifying risks, determining whether risks are high impact or low impact, and generating response strategies. These methods are often qualitative or semi-quantitative in nature due to the challenge of quantifying the likelihood of a risk and its effects. These approaches are nonetheless valuable for helping designers and project development teams remain mindful of negative risks which could pose significant hurdles. …

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Experimental Investigation On Short Concrete Columns Laterally Strengthened With Ferrocement And Cfrp, Wisam Amer Aules, Yasir Saeed, Hosam Abdullah Al-Azzawi, Franz Rad Jun 2022

Experimental Investigation On Short Concrete Columns Laterally Strengthened With Ferrocement And Cfrp, Wisam Amer Aules, Yasir Saeed, Hosam Abdullah Al-Azzawi, Franz Rad

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The use of ferrocement in strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) structures has increased recently. Ferrocement has mostly been used to provide extra confinement for RC columns. However, its performance, especially in combination with CFRP confinement has not yet been fully understood. In this study, a total of fifteen columns were experimentally tested to investigate the effects of using ferrocement confinement in strengthening square RC columns. The combination between CFRP and ferrocement in strengthening RC columns has also been investigated. In addition to providing extra confinement, ferrocement is used to modify the shape of square columns to curvilinear shape, which is more …

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Measuring Accessibility For Pedestrians, Bicyclists, And Transit Riders To Grocery Stores In The Excelsior/Outer Mission Neighborhoods Of San Francisco, Alexandra Lee-Gardner Jun 2022

Measuring Accessibility For Pedestrians, Bicyclists, And Transit Riders To Grocery Stores In The Excelsior/Outer Mission Neighborhoods Of San Francisco, Alexandra Lee-Gardner

Master's Theses

Grocery stores are an important amenity in neighborhoods and access to grocery stores is important for health and well-being. While grocery store accessibility is a popular topic of research, studies measuring access for pedestrians, bicyclists, and transit riders are extremely rare. When a new store opened in the Excelsior/Outer Mission districts of San Francisco on a street lacking basic infrastructure for pedestrians, bicyclists, and transit riders, the importance of this study became apparent. The Excelsior/Outer Mission neighborhood has a shocking number of collisions (over 1,100 between 2015 and 2019), elevated levels of walking, biking, and transit ridership, and minimal safe …

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Feasibility Study On Novel Fire-Resistant Coating Materials, Anyou Zhu, Hanli Wu, Jenny Liu Jun 2022

Feasibility Study On Novel Fire-Resistant Coating Materials, Anyou Zhu, Hanli Wu, Jenny Liu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Over the last few decades, wildfires in the United States have caused severe damage and property losses. As more houses are being built in areas prone to wildfire, enhancing the fire resistance of structures and buildings is critical and in great need. This paper presents a preliminary study to explore and develop some innovative surface-bonded fire-resistant coating materials for this purpose. The feasibility of these materials [i.e., high performance cement mortar (HPCM), geopolymer mortar (GPM), and magnesium phosphate cement mortar (MPCM)] was assessed considering the workability, adhesion to structure surface, and fire property. The Taguchi-based mix designs of HPCM, GPM, …

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Feasibility Report On Water Recycling And The Housing Crisis, Tally A. Perry Jun 2022

Feasibility Report On Water Recycling And The Housing Crisis, Tally A. Perry

City and Regional Planning

The western United States is experiencing increasing population, a housing shortage, and a drought. These challenges demand creative and unprecedented changes to development. Water recycling is slowly emerging as a viable solution for developers, home owners, and cities as a way to continue much-needed housing development while mitigating unnecessary water depletion. With all change, policy, feasibility, and awareness can be the largest influencers. Drought-ridden western-American states require additional and revised regulatory requirements to promote recycled water in new development. Currently, water reuse is largely used for agricultural and industrial purposes. To motivate and encourage housing development, water recycling needs to …

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On Internal Resonance Analysis Of A Double-Cable-Stayed Shallow-Arch Model With Elastic Supports At Both Ends, Xiaoyang Su, Houjun Kang, Tieding Guo, Guirong Grace Yan Jun 2022

On Internal Resonance Analysis Of A Double-Cable-Stayed Shallow-Arch Model With Elastic Supports At Both Ends, Xiaoyang Su, Houjun Kang, Tieding Guo, Guirong Grace Yan

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In previous research on the nonlinear dynamics of cable-stayed bridges, boundary conditions were not properly modeled in the modeling. In order to obtain the nonlinear dynamics of cable-stayed bridges more accurately, a double-cable-stayed shallow-arch model with elastic supports at both ends and the initial configuration of bridge deck included in the modeling is developed in this study. The in-plane eigenvalue problems of the model are solved by dividing the shallow arch (SA) into three partitions according to the number of cables and the piecewise functions are taken as trial functions of the SA. Then, the in-plane one-to-one-to-one internal resonance among …

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Steel Bridge Coating Inventory For 2022, Christopher Goff, Sudhir Palle Jun 2022

Steel Bridge Coating Inventory For 2022, Christopher Goff, Sudhir Palle

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) has replaced the lead-based coatings on many of its steel bridges over the past 30 years. In the 1980s and 1990s, inorganic zinc primers with vinyl topcoats were the go-to option for coating replacement projects. Since 2000, the typical choice for these projects has been organic zinc primers that are part of a two- or three-coat system. Some of these coatings have localized failures in high-stress areas. KYTC’s current inventory of steel bridges numbers over 1,100 structures. Accounting for expected service lives, to properly maintain protective coatings on these bridges will require the Cabinet to …

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Updating The Bridge Construction Cost Database, Rachel Catchings, Ying Li, Ryan Griffith, Sudhir Palle Jun 2022

Updating The Bridge Construction Cost Database, Rachel Catchings, Ying Li, Ryan Griffith, Sudhir Palle

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Adopting a comprehensive suite of methods to track, analyze, and maintain data on bridge construction costs can help state transportation agencies identify and implement strategies to mitigate the influence of factors which escalate project costs. This report discusses how the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) should approach updating, maintaining, and analyzing its bridge construction cost data. Based on a review of practices introduced at other agencies and interviews with public and private industry stakeholders, the report catalogues practical strategies for improving estimating procedures and tracking cost data as well as the most important cost drivers of bridge construction. Analysis of KYTC …

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Evaluation Of An Equivalent Mean Grain Size Diameter To Rationally Predict The Erodibility Of Fine Riverbed Soils In Nebraska, Basil Abualshar Jun 2022

Evaluation Of An Equivalent Mean Grain Size Diameter To Rationally Predict The Erodibility Of Fine Riverbed Soils In Nebraska, Basil Abualshar

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The erosion of riverbed soils under the bridges is one of the major reasons that cause bridge closure or failure leading to a significant effect on the local economy. One of the commonly used methods to predict the erosion rate of soils is the excess shear stress method, which is based on two parameters describing the erodibility behavior; the erodibility coefficient and the critical shear stress. On the other hand, studies showed that the mean grain size diameter D50 could be correlated to the erosion resistance of soils, usually for cohesionless soils but not for cohesive soils. It is …

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Investigating Pedestrian Distraction By Phone At Intersection Crossings, Safety Implications And Potential Treatments, Lusanni Mercedes Acosta Rodriguez Jun 2022

Investigating Pedestrian Distraction By Phone At Intersection Crossings, Safety Implications And Potential Treatments, Lusanni Mercedes Acosta Rodriguez

Dissertations

Road user distraction is a major safety concern. The issue is not only for drivers, but also for vulnerable road users such as pedestrians. Every year people are involved in potential and real crashes due to being distracted while walking/crossing streets. Although there are several ways by which pedestrians are distracted, phone use while crossing streets is among the riskier and growing behaviors. Crossing an intersection, especially those with heavy traffic, requires full attention from the individual. Inattentiveness to traffic while on a phone call, texting, web-surfing, listening to music before crossing a street can lead to a fatal crash. …

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Utilization Of Lidar Technology — When To Use It And Why, Levy Mcintosh, Brad Rister Jun 2022

Utilization Of Lidar Technology — When To Use It And Why, Levy Mcintosh, Brad Rister

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Lidar technologies can assist transportation agencies during the design, construction, and maintenance phases of transportation projects. While Lidar has numerous applications, successfully deploying Lidar technologies is only possible if agencies have a solid understanding of their use cases and potential limitations. This report offers guidance the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) can use when making decisions on how to employ Lidar technologies in highway contexts. In addition to reviewing Lidar platforms and comparing Lidar-driven surveying to traditional surveying methods, the report examines challenges related to processing and storing Lidar data and the safety benefits Lidar technologies confer in the field. Brief …

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Machine Learning Enabled Closed-Form Models To Predict Strength Of Alkali-Activated Systems, Taihao Han, Eslam Gomaa, Ahmed Gheni, Jie Huang, Mohamed Elgawady, Aditya Kumar Jun 2022

Machine Learning Enabled Closed-Form Models To Predict Strength Of Alkali-Activated Systems, Taihao Han, Eslam Gomaa, Ahmed Gheni, Jie Huang, Mohamed Elgawady, Aditya Kumar

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Alkali-activated mortar (AAM) is an emerging eco-friendly construction material, which can complement ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mortars. Prediction of properties of AAMs—albeit much needed to complement experiments—is difficult, owing to substantive batch-to-batch variations in physicochemical properties of their precursors (i.e., aluminosilicate and activator solution). In this study, a machine learning (ML) model is employed; and it is shown that the model—once trained and optimized—can reliably predict compressive strength of AAMs solely from their initial physicochemical attributes. Prediction performance of the model improves when multiple compositional descriptors of the aluminosilicate are combined into a singular, composite chemostructural descriptor (i.e., network ratio …

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Understanding Ch4 Emissions From Compostables: An Exploration Of Local Ch4 Emissions From Landfilled Compostables And The Efficacy Of Emission Mitigation Via Anaerobic Biogas Digestion, Jordan-Yoosuf Aljbour Jun 2022

Understanding Ch4 Emissions From Compostables: An Exploration Of Local Ch4 Emissions From Landfilled Compostables And The Efficacy Of Emission Mitigation Via Anaerobic Biogas Digestion, Jordan-Yoosuf Aljbour

University Honors Theses

Methane (CH4) is the second most abundant anthropogenic greenhouse gas within the atmosphere, comprising ~16% of the total anthropogenic greenhouse gas composition on Earth. It has an ~12-year lifetime relative to its eventual oxidation via reaction with tropospheric hydroxyl radicals (OH), and has a 100-year indirect global warming potential (GWP) approximately ranging between 28-36 [Environmental Protection Agency, 2021]. In recent years, the observed average global concentration of atmospheric CH4 has increased by ~11.0% from 2020 (~15.3 ppb) to 2021 (~17.0 ppb) [Dlugokencky et al., 1994; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2022]. With …

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Outdoor Laboratory And Testbed For Bridge Health, Richard L. Wood, Mitra Nasimi, Bowen Yang, Christine E. Wittich, Joshua Steelman, Jay Puckett, Daniel Linzell, Jinying Zhu, Mohammad Ebrahim Mohammadi Jun 2022

Outdoor Laboratory And Testbed For Bridge Health, Richard L. Wood, Mitra Nasimi, Bowen Yang, Christine E. Wittich, Joshua Steelman, Jay Puckett, Daniel Linzell, Jinying Zhu, Mohammad Ebrahim Mohammadi

Nebraska Department of Transportation: Research Reports

Due to the aging problem of bridges and the limited financial resources in the United States, it is necessary to form a deeper understanding of existing, aging bridges in an effort to extend their in-service life. To address this problem, researchers from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) and engineers from the Nebraska Department of Transportation (NDOT) identified three, out-of-service bridges (two steel and one concrete) to establish the Nebraska Outdoor Bridge Lab (NOBL). As the first step in NOBL’s development, geometric surveys of the current condition of each bridge were produced using lidar and Structure-from-Motion (SfM). This data contributed to …

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Data-Driven Prioritization And Empirical Predictions For Bridge Scour In Nebraska, Richard L. Wood, Awgku Ahmad Hashim B. Awg Bolhasan, Basil Abualshar, Christine E. Wittich, Chung R. Song, Junke Guo, Mohammad Ebrahim Mohammadi, Mitra Nasimi, Yijun Liao Jun 2022

Data-Driven Prioritization And Empirical Predictions For Bridge Scour In Nebraska, Richard L. Wood, Awgku Ahmad Hashim B. Awg Bolhasan, Basil Abualshar, Christine E. Wittich, Chung R. Song, Junke Guo, Mohammad Ebrahim Mohammadi, Mitra Nasimi, Yijun Liao

Nebraska Department of Transportation: Research Reports

The effect of scour at the bridge substructure results in an increase in the vulnerability of the overall bridge stability. Previous studies have found that current guidelines are often overly-conservative with respect to scour. This project aims to provide guidance on hydraulic modeling parameters and reasonable scour estimates specific to Nebraska conditions. This will enable engineers to assess bridge sites for scour more precisely for efficient and effective design and countermeasures. Four sites were surveyed for scour changes between the period of December 9, 2020, to April 20, 2021. At these four sites, overland and bathymetry survey data were collected. …

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Construction Industry Hesitation In Accepting Wearable Sensing Devices To Enhance Worker, Harrison M. Fugate Jun 2022

Construction Industry Hesitation In Accepting Wearable Sensing Devices To Enhance Worker, Harrison M. Fugate

Master's Theses

The construction industry is one of the most unsafe industries for workers in the United States. Advancements in wearable technology have been proven to create a safer construction environment. Despite the availability of these devices, use within the construction industry remains low. The objective of this research is to identify and analyze the causes behind the reluctance of the construction industry to implement two specific wearable safety devices, a biometric sensor, and a location tracking system. Device acceptance was analyzed from the perspective of the user (construction field labor) and company decision makers (construction managers). A modified unified theory of …

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Dynamic Response Of Elastic Two-Story Steel Moment Frame Scaled Structure Equipped With Viscous Dampers, Garrett L. Barker, Alexander L. Poirier Jun 2022

Dynamic Response Of Elastic Two-Story Steel Moment Frame Scaled Structure Equipped With Viscous Dampers, Garrett L. Barker, Alexander L. Poirier

Architectural Engineering

The authors of this report are Architectural Engineering undergraduate students at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. Damping is a complex, experimentally derived value that is affected by many structural properties and has a profound effect on the dynamic response of structures. Deducing the inherent damping of a steel moment frame and affecting the damping ratio with viscous dampers are two topics explored in this paper. Dampers are commonly implemented in resilient structures that perform better in a design basis earthquake, reducing the seismic cost and downtime. Undergraduate coursework does not delve into the factors that affect damping and …

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Guidelines For The Eeri Seismic Design Competition, Kate Robinson Jun 2022

Guidelines For The Eeri Seismic Design Competition, Kate Robinson

Architectural Engineering

The Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) has been dedicated to exposing undergraduate students to the wide range of interdisciplinary subjects related to earthquake engineering through the Seismic Design Competition. In 2022, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) sent 14 students to Salt Lake City, Utah for the competition – to compete with 31 other teams who all tackled the competition problem statement uniquely. The 2022 team was tasked with the research, design, analysis, and construction of a new structure to be built in downtown Salt Lake City, with the goal of replicating the design sequence of real-world …

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Sage Garden Pavilion Shade Structure, Anthony Razouk Karroum, Manuel Bermudez, Matthew Kilbride, Sarah Holt, Marisa Martineau Jun 2022

Sage Garden Pavilion Shade Structure, Anthony Razouk Karroum, Manuel Bermudez, Matthew Kilbride, Sarah Holt, Marisa Martineau

Architectural Engineering

Form finding, testing, and construction of funicular double-layered shells in an interdisciplinary format with a focus on designing a shade structure for the San Luis Obispo Botanical Garden Children’s Pavilion. In the process, challenges such as connection design, materiality, storage, and more are explored and refined in relation to shell structures.

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Increasing Strength Of Plywood Shear Walls, Elizabeth Claypool, Michelle Dennin Jun 2022

Increasing Strength Of Plywood Shear Walls, Elizabeth Claypool, Michelle Dennin

Architectural Engineering

In a recent iteration of an upper-division engineering design lab course at Cal Poly SLO, students were challenged to identify and understand the probable failure mechanism of conventionally built plywood shear walls and hypothesize how they could delay or prevent common failure mechanisms to increase the overall lateral load capacity. After observing the results of a test on a conventional, code specified wall, a solution to integrate metal gauge strapping into edge nailing was developed to address the common failure mechanisms of nail head pull through and panel edge tear out. A shear wall with metal strapping installed between the …

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Development Of Probabilistic Failure Pressure Models For Pipelines With Single Corrosion Defect, Kiswendsida J. Kere, Qindan Huang Jun 2022

Development Of Probabilistic Failure Pressure Models For Pipelines With Single Corrosion Defect, Kiswendsida J. Kere, Qindan Huang

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Many models have been developed in the past to predict the failure pressure of a pipeline with a single corrosion defect. However, most of the existing models are conservative and may lead to unnecessary repairs and maintenance in the pipeline risk management. The aim of this study is to develop probabilistic failure pressure prediction models that are suitable for risk assessment of corroded pipelines. The proposed models are developed at three levels of pipe ultimate strength based on a comprehensive database (consist of both experimental and numerical data) established in this study. When comparing with the existing models, it is …

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Improving Interprofessional Environmental Health Education Using The Leave No One Behind Framework, Daniel B. Oerther, Sarah E. Oerther Jun 2022

Improving Interprofessional Environmental Health Education Using The Leave No One Behind Framework, Daniel B. Oerther, Sarah E. Oerther

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Wavelet Power And Shannon Entropy Applied To Acoustic Emission Signals For Corrosion Detection And Evaluation Of Reinforced Concrete, Jinrui Zhang, Ziye Kang, Dongshuai Hou, Biqin Dong, Hongyan Ma Jun 2022

Wavelet Power And Shannon Entropy Applied To Acoustic Emission Signals For Corrosion Detection And Evaluation Of Reinforced Concrete, Jinrui Zhang, Ziye Kang, Dongshuai Hou, Biqin Dong, Hongyan Ma

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Acoustic emission (AE) signals detected from corrosion test on a steel reinforced concrete beam subjected to the coupling effects of corrosive wet-dry cycles and static load are analyzed by power spectral density, wavelet transform, and Shannon entropy. The degradation process of the corroded reinforced concrete beam can be divided into four stages on the basis of the accumulated event number (AEN). Due to the difference of material properties, steel reinforcement and concrete matrix have distinguished AE features. The time-frequency characteristics of AE signals can reflect the microstructural degradation mechanism of steel corrosion and concrete cracking. The corrosion evaluation entails investigating …

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Skip The Grid 2022: Solar Powered Refrigeration In The Navajo Nation, Heather L. Sailor Jun 2022

Skip The Grid 2022: Solar Powered Refrigeration In The Navajo Nation, Heather L. Sailor

Construction Management

This paper summarizes the process of an interdisciplinary group of students and faculty at Cal Poly installing eleven off-grid solar systems for families of the Navajo nation. This paper further delves into the lean principals and prefabrication that made it possible as well as the lessons learned to increase the feasibility and scalability of repeating this project in the future. This project was a combined effort of an interdisciplinary group of Cal Poly students and faculty as well as company sponsors Solv Energy, Dometic USA, and Goal Zero, facilitated through the non-profit, Heart of America. The goal of this project …

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Construction Of A Visitor Deck At City Farm Slo, Brett Bryan Jones Jun 2022

Construction Of A Visitor Deck At City Farm Slo, Brett Bryan Jones

Construction Management

This paper will discuss the construction of my senior project. For my senior project, I completed the construction of an observation deck at City Farm SLO. City Farm SLO is a non-profit that provides food to local food banks and has educational gardens that allow students of all ages come to learn and volunteer their time. The deck is centrally located at the highest point on the property, making it a great lookout spot for visitors to view the entire farm. However, the location on top of the hill created challenges that we had to overcome. I completed my senior …

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Re-Assessing The Granite Heavy Civil Minor, Natalie H. Holnes Jun 2022

Re-Assessing The Granite Heavy Civil Minor, Natalie H. Holnes

Construction Management

This research-based project analyzes issues within the Granite Heavy Civil Minor that contribute to declining student retention. This document specifically focuses on the program’s course curriculum and graduation date extensions as major drivers of student withdrawals from the minor. Two separate surveys were conducted from students within the minor and students who had dropped out of the minor, to gauge the specific issues students have with the program. The results concluded that many students dislike certain courses in the curriculum, such as CE 222 and CE 321, and felt that these required courses were unessential and unhelpful in preparing them …

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Farm Stand Build And Service Days For The Ranch, John Reis Blackwood Calhoun Jun 2022

Farm Stand Build And Service Days For The Ranch, John Reis Blackwood Calhoun

Construction Management

This paper outlines the building of a farm stand and service days done for The Ranch which works with the United Cerebral Palsy of Central California. The construction of a farm stand was requested by the client because they did not have one and would like to start selling the vegetables and fruits that they grow on their property. Additionally, there was an opportunity to do other improvements around the farm and simultaneously help brothers in the fraternity get service hours. To do this set up service days were set up where miscellaneous tasks around the farm such as spreading …

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