Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

High-Intensity Reflective Materials For Signs, Rolands L. Rizenbergs

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Field observations and laboratory tests and evaluations were conducted on High-Intensity and Engineering grade materials (Scotchlite), manufactured by the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, and were compared in regard to reflectivity, durability, and cost.

The High-Intensity type materials were found to have outstanding performance characteristics in comparison to Engineering Grade materials. The material significantly enhances sign legibility under low-beam illumination, and accelerated weathering tests showed superior durability.

Characteristics And Models Of Outdoor Recreational Travel, Jerry G. Pigman, John A. Deacon

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the characteristics of outdoor recreational travel and to evaluate models of travel flow from population centers throughout the United States to outdoor recreational areas in Kentucky. Data were obtained by means of a license-plate, origin-destination survey at 160 sites within 42 recreational areas and by means of a continuous vehicle counting program at eight of these sites.

Among those characteristics of outdoor recreational travel which were examined in more detail were vehicle occupancies, vehicle classifications, and trip-length distributions. Vehicle occupancy was found to depend on the type of recreational area, distance traveled, …

Engineering Geognosy Of The Western Coal Field, W. Mccann, Tommy C. Hopkins, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Engineering soils and geologic reports are invaluable tools for engineers, industrial leaders, community planners and administrators during preliminary stages of planning and site selection for construction projects. Such information can be used to great advantage by planners in making soil and geologic reconnaissance surveys, in organizing and checking field surveys, in correlating and predicting performances of soil and geologic materials, and in locating construction materials and resource deposits. Recognizing the need for this type of information, the Division of Research, Bureau of Highways, Kentucky Department of Transportation, has undertaken a study to report the engineering geognosy of Kentucky. The report …

Pavement Roughness, Measurement And Evaluation, Rolands L. Rizenbergs, James L. Burchett, Larry E. Davis

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Vertical accelerations of a passenger in an automobile are automatically summed while traveling a section of road at 51.5 mph (23.0 m/s). A roughness index is obtained by dividing this sum by the time elapsed during the test. Continuity in measurements since 1957 has been preserved through correlations among successive vehicles involved and reference pavements.

In general, bituminous construction has yielded smoother-riding surfaces than concrete construction. The smoothness of concrete pavements, however, has improved on those projects where slip-form paving was used. Interstate and parkway (expressway) construction continues to yield smoother pavements than other major construction. The rate of increase …

Remedial Stability Analysis Of Unstable Eastern Approach Embankment, Bluegrass Parkway Bridges Over Chaplin River, Tommy C. Hopkins, S. M. Yoder

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

In a meeting held on March 7, 1973, the Division of Research was requested to perform a supplementary slope stability analysis of the unstable, eastern approach embankment and foundation located at the crossing of the Bluegrass Parkway over Chaplin River and extending between Stations 2317+14 and 2321+00. Previously (see referenced report), two remedial schemes had been considered for increasing the stability of the unstable soil mass to an acceptable level. Those included: 1) loading the toe area of the existing, eastern approach slope with a berm, including a sloping berm, and 2) unloading the upper portion of the eastern slope …

A Hydrologic Model Of The Provo River Basin, Utah, Craig T. Jones

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper is to develop a general hydrologic model for use on a digital computer and prove its validity by applying it to a management study of the Provo River Basin. Hydrologic equations have been proposed for each major hydrologic occurrence within a river basin. By linking these equations through restrictions on continuity of mass, a general hydrologic model can be obtained. Such a model becomes the basic tool for studying the management of the river basin hydrology. The paper describes the model components, parameter identification program, and the river basin management program.

Reversed And Repeated Lost Tests Of Full-Scale Steel Frames, Lauren D. Carpenter, Le-Wu Lu

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

No abstract provided.

Vibratory Roller Evaluation, Donald C. Newberry Jr.

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

In a field evaluation of vibratory rollers, an end-result specification based on a statistical analysis of densities obtained on previous construction projects indicated 98 percent of laboratory density (Marshall) to be desired for Bituminous Concrete, Class I Base. The minimum average of 5 density tests was set at 96.4 percent. Conventional rollers, vibratory rollers, and combinations thereof were qualified on the basis of density-growth curves determined on one or more 1000-foot test sections. An overall average compaction of 97.8 percent of Marshall density was obtained on the Cumberland Parkway project. Similar controls initiated on the Green River Parkway project were …

A Survey Of Reflective Sheeting For Highway Signs, Rolands L. Rizenbergs

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A questionnaire (see the APPENDIX) was sent to highway agencies in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico for the purpose of surveying state practices in regard to reflective sheeting purchase, usage specifications, testing, etc. The response was 100 percent and, thus, demonstrated a high degree of interest in the subject.

Responses to the questionnaire are tabulated on the attached tables. An attempt was made to report answers provided by the agencies without interpretation except in a few isolated cases where the necessafy information was available to properly relate the response to a given question. In a …

Stability Of A Side-Hill Embankment, Tommy C. Hopkins, Harry F. Girdler, Steve M. Yoder

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The report submitted herein is a case history describing observations and in-depth analyses made at a highway site involving a massive, unstable side-hill embankment located on I-64 in Boyd County. The in-depth study was initiated in January 1973. The I-64 site was selected for study because it contained several design, construction and maintenance features as well as soil types that are typical of many highway embankments in Kentucky. Side-hill fill situations are common design problems and oftentimes have required extensive maintenance after construction. Major objectives of the study were to 1) determine the causes of instability of the I-64 embankment, …

Plastic Subassemblage Anlysis And Tests For Rigid High-Rise Steel Frames, J. Hartley Daniels, S. W. Kim

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

No abstract provided.

Fatigue Analysis Of Central Bridge Deduced From Strain Gage Data And Probability Analysis, R. J. Bruner Iii

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This report presents evaluations of the load history of the Central Bridge from both strain gage data and probability analysis. Estimation of remaining service life is made through fatigue criteria. Also included is a comparison (from strain gage data) of live load stresses carried by parallel eye bars. An appendix provides a user's manual for the computer program for probability-based analyses of load events and fatigue-life computations.

Establishment And Maintenance Of Roadside Plantings And Turf, Kenneth N. Franks

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A series of experimental investigations initiated by the Kentucky Highway Department over a six-year period were designed for the purpose of studying the I adaptability, establishment, and maintenance of roadside plantings and turf, including the stabilization and management of roadside soils.

Experimental Installations Of Impact-Attenuating Devices, Jerry G. Pigman, William M. Seymour, Don L. Cornette

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

From a survey of the interstate system in Kentucky, 26 gore sites were found to be eligible for safety improvements. Energy absorbing barriers have been installed at five. Barriers are planned at 11 sites; seven sites have been contour graded; and three sites have been dismissed from consideration.

HI-DRO Cushions and Fitch Inertial Barriers were found to be effective crash cushions. HI-DRO Cushion maintenance costs per impact were less than those for Fitch Inertial Barriers; however, initial costs of materials and installation were higher. The HI-DRO Cushion is generally more adaptable to narrow and relatively short areas than either the …

Slope Stability Analysis: A Computerized Solution Of Bishop’S Simplified Method Of Slices, Steve M. Yoder, Tommy C. Hopkins

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A computer program based on Bishop's simplified method of slices (1954) and capable of analyzing the slope stability of a multilayered soil mass is described. The computer program was specifically developed for analyzing the slope stability of highway bridge approach embankments; however, it can be applied to a broad spectrum of practical slope configurations and bearing capacity problems. Details of the use, applications, and accuracy of the program are presented. Important features of the computer program include a grid type, search operation for locating the critical shear surface and a ledger printout of the forces acting on each individual slice. …

Evaluation Of The High-Accident Location Spot-Improvement Program In Kentucky, Kenneth R. Agent

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this study was to determine the overall effectiveness of the spot-improvement program in Kentucky. Safety improvements have been made at 349 locations (through June 30, 1971) since the program started in 1968. Before-and-after accident summaries were made at these locations as well as locations where the investigation resulted in no recommendations for improvements. It was found that the second-year before accident data was more representative of long-term accident experience than the first-year before data. From the analyses, it was found that the spot-improvement program has resulted in a significant reduction in accidents at high-accident location sites. The …

Settlement Of Highway Bridge Approaches And Embankment Foundations, Bluegrass Parkway Bridges Over Chaplin River, Tommy C. Hopkins

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The report examines the cause of a differential settlement between the highway approach embankments and bridge decks and abutment tilting at a bridge site located on the Bluegrass Parkway in Kentucky. The site contains several design, construction and maintenance features and soil types that are typical of many bridge sites in Kentucky. The approach embankments are side-hill fills. The approach pavements have settled several inches and have been patched on numerous occasions. Each of the four abutments give the appearance of having tilted backward toward the backfill. However, closer examination shows that the abutments have moved laterally toward the bridge …

Bridge / Tunnel Crossing Study : Portland Harbor - Fore River, Portland - South Portland, Maine Department Of Transportation

Maine Collection

Bridge / Tunnel Crossing Study : Portland Harbor - Fore River, Portland - South Portland

Report by Fay, Spofford & Thorndike, Inc., Engineers, Boston, Mass.

Prepared for the Maine Department of Transportation, Augusta, Maine, 1973.

Contents: Table of Contents / List of Figures / List of Tables / Introduction / Summary of Findings / Section 1 - General Background - Location Study / Section 2 - Alternative Facilities and Locations / Section 3 - Comparison of Construction Costs - Tunnel Versus Bridge / Section 4 - Traffic Analysis / Section 5 - Cost Effectiveness Analysis / Section 6 - Financial …

Tests On Field Welded Puddle And Fillet Weld Connections, R. S. Yarnell, Teoman Peköz

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

INTRODUCTION This report contains the results of tests on 122 field welded connections. Most of the specimens are approximately the same as those that were shop welded previously and tested. The results of tests on shop welded specimens are given in Ref. 2. Those field welded specimens that do not correspond to the shop welded specimens are indicated in Table lA. Except as noted, all notations, variables, weld configurations and procedures are identical with those in Ref. 2. All specimens were tested in a hydraulic test machine under monotonically increasing slowly applied tensile force. This report differs from Ref. 2 …

Diaphragm Braced Thin-Walled Open Sections And Design Of Wall Studs, Amir Simaan, Teoman Peköz

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

INTRODUCTION Cold-formed steel wall studs generally are I, Z or channel shaped with or without stiffening lips, and with webs perpendicular to the plane of the wall. Because of their configuration and dimensions, these sections are quite unstable by themselves. However, the stability and, hence, load-carrying capacity of such studs are increased substantially once they are connected to the wallboard material. The main function of the wallboard is that of enclosure, but it serves also as a bracing system for the studs. Gypsum board, vegetable fiberboard, tempered board or plywood are commonly used wallboard materials. Such boards are connected to …

Column Research Council: Proceedings 1973, Column Research Council

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

One of the purposes of the Council is to maintain a forum where problems related to the design and behavior of columns and other compression elements in metal structures can be presented for evaluation and discussion. The Annual Technical Session provides opportunity to carry out this function. The 1973 Annual Technical Session was held on May 2 and 3 at the Los Angeles Hilton Hotel in Los Angeles, California. Sixty persons attended the Session and thirty-three papers were delivered. A panel discussion on "Frame Stability Under Seismic Loading" was held in the evening of May 2, 1973. Panelists were E. …

Legendre Coefficients For Series Solution Of The Orientation Distribution Function For Ellipsoidal Macromolecules In Two-Dimensional Laminar Flow, Myrne R. Riley

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The double refraction and viscosity of a suspension of asymmetrical colloidal particles subject to continuous laminar flow vary with the orientation distribution of the suspended particles produced by the shearing field and Brownian motion. Recursion formulas are developed for the Legendre coefficients of the series solution of the orientation distribution function for a suspension subject to two-dimensional laminar flow, thus, extending the works of Peterlin, Wayland, and Scheraga. © 1973.

Chronic Toxicity Of A Copper, Cadmium And Zinc Mixture To The Fathead Minnow (Pimephales Promelas Rafinesque), John G. Eaton

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Fathead minnows were exposed to a series or concentrations of a copper, cadmium and zinc mixture during a 12.5 month chronic test in water of 200 mg 1^-1 total hardness. The metal concentrations in the mixture were selected on the basis of results obtained during previous chronic exposures to each of the metals individually in the same water. Strict summation of the chronic toxicities of the metals was not indicated when they were tested in combination. Toxic effects of the mixture attributable to copper appeared to be increased, but that attributable to cadmium was reduced. The effects thought to …

A Simplified Flow-Splitting Chamber And Siphon For Proportional Diluters, Duane Benoit, Frank A. Puglisi

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Simplified flow-splitting chambers and siphons were designed and tested for use with proportional diluters in bioassay systems. The apparatus allows each concentration from the diluter to be thoroughly mixed and divided four ways for delivery to duplicate fry and adult exposure tanks. Test water delivered to each exposure tank varied by only 5-10 per cent of the calculated volumes.

The Study Of Sulfur Dioxide Distribution Surrounding A Lead Smelting Industry In The New Lead Belt Of Southeastern Missouri, Jeng-Sheng Hwang

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this investigation was to study the magnitude and distribution of sulfur dioxide in the air surrounding the smelter of Missouri Lead Operating Company (now AMAX Lead Company of Missouri) in southeast Missouri, and evaluate the inter-relationships between sulfur dioxide incidents, meteorological factors, and plant operations.

Field research was conducted employing two weather stations and three sulfur dioxide monitoring stations. The data obtained from strip charts at each station were recorded and analyzed manually as well as by UMR computer facilities. From the studies conducted, it was found that the annual predominant winds occurred from S and SE …

Annals Of The Research Division, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

No abstract provided.

The Unsteady Circulation Distribution In Rotors And Its Application To Noise Studies, Assem A. Fathy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A new method for the calculation of the unsteady circulation distribution in axial flow compressors was developed. The classical assumption of representing the rotor by a two-dimensional infinite cascade was eliminated. Instead the more realistic case of a radial cascade with blades of finite length was studied. The blades were assumed to be thin and only slightly cambered. The flow was assumed ·to be incompressible and inviscid and the secondary flow effects were neglected. The velocity induced at an arbitrary point of a reference blade due to the bound vortices on the blade under consideration and the other blades and …

Before-And-After Analysis Of Safety Improvements On I 75 In Northern Kentucky, Jerry G. Pigman, Don L. Cornette

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

In an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of various safety improvements on approximately five miles of I 75 in northern Kentucky, a before-and-after analysis of accidents was conducted. Safety improvements were: 1) a variable message signing system in the northbound direction; 2) a New Jersey-type median barrier wall; and 3) general improvements such as guardrail end treatments, break-away sign installations, contour grading, etc.

Results indicate the safety improvements were effective in reducing the overall accident rate. Separate analysis also revealed that variable message signs were effective in bringing about a significant reduction in accident rates. There were no fatalities during …

Kentucky Cbr’S And The Soil Support Value, Tommy C. Hopkins, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Several ASTM and Kentucky CBR tests were performed at different molding moisture contents and compactive energies on the AASHO embankment soil, four representative Kentucky soils, and one soil from Ohio. These data were compared to CBR data previously reported by Shook and Fang. For CBR's ranging from about 4 to 12, a relationship was developed between Kentucky and ASTM CBR's. Within this range, Kentucky and ASTM CBR's are approximately equal. Molding specimens under the static pressure of 2000 pounds per square inch as used in the Kentucky CBR procedure produced specimens with initial dry densities that averaged about 6 percent …

Models Of Outdoor Recreational Travel, John A. Deacon, Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth D. Kaltenbach, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate models of travel flow from population centers throughout the United States to outdoor recreational areas in Kentucky. Data were obtained by means of a license-plate, origin-destination survey at 160 sites within 42 recreational areas and by means of a continuous vehicle counting program at eight of these sites. Attempts to simulate distributed travel flows concentrated on various single-equation models, a cross-classification model, and gravity and intervening opportunities models. The cross-classification model was found to be an acceptable means for simulating and predicting outdoor recreational travel flows and was decidedly superior to the …