Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Development Of A Dynamic Programming Model For The Regionalization And Staging Of Wastewater Treatment Plants, Stanley L. Klemetson, William J. Grenney

Reports

No abstract provided.

Process Studies And Modeling Of Self-Cleaning Capacity Of Mountain Creeks For Recreation Planning And Management, Cheng-Lung Chen, Keith D. Davis

Reports

Reaeration process studies were conducted on a mountain creek and a large laboratory flume. The method of evaluating the dispersion coefficient, mean velocity, and reaeration coefficient for both creek and flume consisted of finding these values for a deoxygenated portion of the flow containing a conservative tracer (dye). The deoxygenated slug is measured as it moved downstream and the three values are best fit in the analytical solution of the longitudinal dispersion equation which dynamically describes the flow of the dispersing slug in the stream. The best fit was accomplished by using the method of least squares of the differences …

Urban Storm Runoff Inlet Hydrograph Study, Volume 5, Soil-Cover-Moisture Complex: Analysis Of Parametric Infiltration Models For Highway Sideslopes, Cheng-Lung Chen

Reports

The main objective of this study is to develop an accurate design method for computing inlet hydrographs of surface runoff, with average recurrence intervals of 10, 25, and 50 years, from typical urban highway by flood routing technique. The boundary-value problem of one-dimensional infiltration resulting from rainfall is formulated and solved numerically on a digital computer. The numerical solutions of this idealized mathematical model is used as a basic testing tool in the subsequent analysis of various parametric infiltration models including the Green-Ampt, Kostiakov, Philip, Horton, and Holtan equations. The time of ponding is shown to be the most important …

Urban Storm Runoff Inlet Hydrograph Study Volume 4; Synthetic Storms For Design Of Urban Highway Drainage Facilities., Cheng-Lung Chen

Reports

The main objective of this study is to develop an accurate design method for computing inlet hydrographs of surface runoff, with average recurrence intervals of 10, 25, and 50 years, from typical urban highway by flood routing technique. Knowledge of the time distribution of rainfall in heavy storms constitutes a basis for the design of an urban storm sewer system. A unified time-coordinate system and the rainfall intensity-duration-frequency relationships are used to develop the generalized synthetic (design) hyetograph equations for all types of storms. The hyetograph equations are further normalized for identifying the dimensionless parameters that play predominant roles in …

Urban Storm Runoff Inlet Hydrograph Study Volume 1: Computer Analysis Of Runoff From Urban Highway Watersheds Under Time- And Space-Varying Rainstorms, Chen-Lung Chen

Reports

The main objective of this study is to develop an accurate design method for computing inlet hydrographs of surface runoff, with average recurrence intervals of 10, 25, and 50 years, from typical urban highway by flood routing technique. The most comprehensive mathematical model based on the method of characteristics was developed for computing the runoff inlet hydrograph. All flood routing methods were extensively reviewed and the most efficient and accurate technique was adopted for the formulation of a numerical (computer) model including all the rainfall-runoff processes on a highway watershed. Accuracy of the computer model was then examined by comparing …

Urban Storm Runoff Inlet Hydrograph Study Volume 2; Laboratory Studies Of The Resistance Coefficient For Sheet Flow Over Natural Turf Surfaces, Cheng-Lung Chen

Reports

The main objective of this study is to develop an accurate design method for computing inlet hydrogaphs of surface runoff, with average recurrence intervals of 10, 25, and 50 years, from typical urban highway by flood routing technique. Resistance to sheet flows over natural turf surfaces is experimentally investigated. The formuation of a functional relationship between the resistence coefficient and controlling parameters for shallow flows over various turf surfaces is essential to the mathematical modeling of surface runoff from urban highway sideslopes covered with different species of turf. An analysis of results obtained from laboratory experiments from laminar flow on …

An Application Of The Utah State University Watershed Simulation Model To The Entiat Experimental Watershed, Washington State, David S. Bowles, J. Paul Riley, George B. Shih

Reports

To study the effects of a forest fire on runoff characteristics, the Utah State University Watershed Simulation Model (USUWSM) has been applied to three small drainage areas in the Entiat Experimental Watershed which is located within the Wenatchee National Forest of central Washington. Each component of the USUWSM has been described in the report, including structural changes to the model that were necessary to achieve reasonable agreement between observed and simulated runoff hydrographs. Lack of information on the spatial distribution and precipitation due to the absence of an adequate precipitation gaging network on or close to the study area was …

Optimization Of Water Allocation, Wastewater Treatment, And Reuse Considering Nonlinear Costs, Seasonal Variations, And Stochastic Supplies, A. Bruce Bishop, Rangesan Narayanan, Suravuth Pratishthananda, Stanley L. Klemetson, William J. Grenney

Reports

Two significant, interrelated water resources problems are: (1) efficiently salvaging and reusing effluent water in order to augment limited water supplies; and (2) economically managing and treating wastewater to meet water quality standards. Using systems engineering and operations research techniques, the report focuses on the optimal management and use of water of impaired quality in a water resources system, including utilization or irrigation return flows and other poor quality water, water quantity and quality management systems, and wastewater reclamation opportunities. The study develops a mathematical programming transportation or transshipment model formulated for the Lower Jordan River Basin in Utah. The …

Naturally Occurring Organic Compounds And Algal Growth In A Eutrophic Lake, V. Dean Adams, Russell R. Renk, Peter A. Cowan, Donald B. Porcella

Reports

No abstract provided.

Watershed Management On Range And Forest Lands Proceedings Of The Fifth Workshop Of The United States/Australia Rangelands Panel, R. J. Mcconnen, B. S. Sadler, Colin L. Pierrehumbert, Kenneth G. Renard, Donald L. Brakensiek, Alden R. Hibbert, T. Talsma, C. W. Rose, Ronald E. Sosebee, Richard Meeuwig, Paul Packer, Walter C. Boughton, J. Paul Riley, Richard H. Hawkins

Reports

Preface: The U.S.-Australia Cooperative Rangeland Science Program In October 1968 the governments of the United States and Australia entered into an agreement for the purpose of facilitating close cooperative activities between the scientific communities of the two countries. The joint communique issued at that time designated the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Australian Commonwealth Department of Education and Science as the coordinating agencies. Both countries were to encourage binational teamwork in research, interchanges of scientists, joint seminars, and exchanges of information. A United States-Australia Rangeland Panel was established in December 1969 to further cooperation between the two countries in …

Regional Development: An Econometric Study Of The Role Of Water Development In Effectuating Population And Income Changes, Herbert H. Fullerton, Chris W. Lewis, Jay C. Andersen, John E. Keith, Reed Willis

Reports

Twelve measures of regional economic growth, including populations and three measures of income were compared for areas with and without water investment in 246 counties and 42 water resources subareas in the states of Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, and Nevada. Simple mean omparisons for these measures compiled for the decades of 1940-1950, 1950-1960, and 1960-1970 failed to support the hypothesis that economic growth of those counties and subareas receiving water investment was significantly highter than in those areas which did not, with the possible exception of the 1940-1950 decade. This result is obciously tempered by the fact …

Urban Storm Runoff Inlet Hydrograph Study Volume 3: Hydrologic Data For Two Urban Highway Watersheds In The Salt Lake City Area, Utah, Joel E. Fletcher, Cheng-Lung Chen

Reports

The main objective of this study is to develop an accurate design method for computing inlet hydrographs of surface runoff, with average recurrence intervals of 10, 25, and 50 years, from typical urban highway by flood routing technique. Hydrologic data such as the rainfall intensity, runoff flow rate, air temperature, wind velocity, and soil moisture content were collected during rainfall seasons in 1972 and 1973 on two urban highway watersheds in the Salt Lake City area, Utah. These data were used in the verification of a mathematical model simulating the surface runoff from such highway watersheds. The difficulties and inherent …

Construction Of Pile Foundation For Hall Seven, Udsm, K Swai

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

During the assessment of the manuscript, it was observed that the paper does not include an abstract. The document proceeds directry to the main content without providing a separate abstract that summarize the study's objectives, methodology, key findings and conclusions

Reconstruction Work Upon Solima Pier, K Alibhai

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

During the assessment of the manuscript, it was observed that the paper does not include an abstract. The document proceeds directry to the main content without providing a separate abstract that summarize the study's objectives, methodology, key findings and conclusions

Industrial Projects Recommended By The Faculty Of Engineering Udsm, W Kreuser

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

During the assessment of the manuscript, it was observed that the paper does not include an abstract. The document proceeds directry to the main content without providing a separate abstract that summarize the study's objectives, methodology, key findings and conclusions

Optimal Highway Safety Improvement Investments By Dynamic Programming [Dec. 1974], Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent, Jesse G. Mayes, Charles V. Zegeer

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The process of determining which projects to implement under a given budget, and which to defer until later, is central to the planning and management of highway systems. With a limited budget for construction, maintenance, and safety improvements, investments which will produce the optimal benefits must be chosen. This is often impossible to accomplish without the aid of a computer because of the complexity of the problem. Dynamic programming has been tested and verified as an efficient method for selecting priority projects to derive maximum benefits. The applicability of dynamic programming to the safety improvement program is demonstrated in this …

Voidless Concrete Mixtures For Bridge Decks, Assaf S. Rahal

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this study was to modify concrete mix-design formulas to supplant all water over and above that needed for hydration with a non-evaporable material -- thus producing a no-void concrete. It was adjudged that a water-cement ratio of 0.244 would be practical for hydration of the cement. Several polymeric materials, asphalts, and oils were used to replace the excess mixing water. Success was achieved using two latexes and one epoxy. The use of these materials in concrete resulted in improved strength, reduction of air voids and permeability, and enhancement of resistance to corrosive chloride salts.

Multiple Uses Of Utah Irrigation Canals: Cache County As A Case Study, James J. Kennedy, Komain Unhanand

Reports

Irrigation use is an obvious benefit of Utah canals that has been recognized for over 100 years. This study attempts to illustrate other, less obvious, uses. the major use examined was recreational, but canals are presently functioning as storm drainage systems and have potential for diverting flood crests in many river systems.

Recreational use of canals falls into two categories. There is passive use such as its landscape values, affects on creating shade and bird-wildlife habitat, etc., that is difficult to quantify but no less important than active canal use such as tubing, hiking, bank-play, bicycling, etc. We selected several …

Development And Preliminary Application Of Mathematical Models To The Weber Basin, W. J. Grenney, D. S. Bowles, M. D. Chambers, J. P. Riley

Reports

The adoption of stream standards, whether for direct application or for the establishment of realistic effluent standards, creates a need to predict the impact of pollution loads on river water quality during critical flow periods or as the result of future user demands. Because of the complexity of aquatic systems, mathematical models are an excellent medium for bringing together the state-of-the-art knowledge from a variety of disciplines into a form which can be readily applied to practical problems. Applying a mathematical model to a river system has the added advantage of providing a structure for the systematic consideration of the …

Accidents On Rural Interstate And Parkway Roads And Their Relation To Pavement Friction, Rolands L. Rizenbergs, James L. Burchett, John A. Deacon, Cass T. Napier

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Friction measurements were made with a skid trailer at 70 mph (31 m/s) on 770 miles (1240 km) of rural, four-lane, controlled-access routes on the interstate and parkway systems in Kentucky. Each construction project was treated as a test section. Accident experience, friction measurements, and traffic volumes were obtained for each. Various relationships between wet-weather accidents and skid resistance were analyzed. Averaging methods were used as a means of developing trends and minimizing scatter. A moving average for progressively-ordered sets of five test sections yielded more definite results. The expression of accident occurrence which correlated best with skid and slip …

Identification Of Hazardous Rural Highway Locations, John A. Deacon, Charles V. Zegeer, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

An effective procedure was determined for identifying hazardous rural highway locations based on accident statistics. Multiple indicators of accident experience that are necessary include the number of fatal accidents, the total number of accidents, the number of effective-property-damage-only accidents, and the accident rate. Critical levels of these four indicators should vary from state to state depending on the nature of the local safety improvement program as well as local traffic and roadway conditions and prevailing attitudes toward highway safety. Specific recommendations are given for use in Kentucky. Critical accident rates are established using quality control procedures.

To identify hazardous highway …

Rock Evaluation For Engineered Facilities, D. J. Hagerty, Robert C. Deen, M. W. Palmer, C. D. Tockstein

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The need for comprehensive information on the characteristics and behavior of earth materials has been recognized for many years, perhaps for as long as significant construction has taken place in and on the surface of the earth. In recent years, however, the magnitude and complexity of engineered construction has greatly increased, resulting in a corresponding increase in the need for information on the engineering properties of soil and rock materials, Direct testing of soil and rock can be utilized to furnish necessary information. However, both field and laboratory testing can be extremely expensive, particularly where testing must include applications of …

Adaptation Of Aasho Interim Guide To Fundamental Concepts, Herbert F. Southgate, Robert C. Deen, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Using 1971 vehicle classification counts and truck weights from nine Kentucky locations, equivalent axleloads (EAL's) were calculated by several methods. Apparent discrepancies led to a review of axleload equivalency factors used to estimate either EWL's (equivalent wheel loads) or EAL's.

Axleload equivalencies are determined as the ratio of the number of repetitions of a standard or reference load to the number of equivalent (damage-wise) repetitions of the load in question. The choice of equivalency factors can result in as much as a 40-percent difference in calculated EAL's. Most of Kentucky's traffic is made up of axleloads less than 80 kilonewtons …

Evaluation And Modification Of The Traffic Noise Prediction Procedure For Kentucky Highways, Kenneth R. Agent, Charles V. Zegeer

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Approximately 270 noise-level recordings were obtained at 39 highway sites and compared with the noise-level predictions obtained by the procedure outlined in NCHRP Report 117. The measured noise levels were computed in terms of the A-weighted L₁₀ value (level exceeded 10 percent of time) and then compared to the predicted noise levels. A significant discrepancy was found between predicted and measured noise levels; generally, the predicted values exceeded the measured values. Average error per location was 4.8 dBA; the maximum error was 13 dBA. A nomograph was devised to correct the predicted value; this nomograph involves observer-to-roadway distances, truck …

Fatigue Analysis From Strain Gage Data And Probability Analysis, Robert C. Deen, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Central Bridge over the Ohio River between Newport, Kentucky, and Cincinnati, Ohio, was completed in 1891 and in 1972-73 was considered to be in danger of fatigue failure. A series of investigations were undertaken to determine the likelihood of failure and to estimate the time of probable failure. During the investigation, a methodology was developed to determine fatigue damage from a probability analysis of traffic data by reconstituting or synthesizing the load (traffic) history of bridges. Strain gage data obtained with Prewitt scratch gages and SR-4 resistivity gages were used to evaluate fatigue damage incurred by the Central Bridge.

Relationships Between Roadway Geometrics And Accidents, Kenneth R. Agent, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Statewide average and critical rates of accidents were determined from 1970-1972 Kentucky accident records for each type of rural highway. Accident data, obtained from state police computer tapes, were summarized to give the number of accidents on each highway type as well as information on accident severity, road surface conditions, light conditions, road character, and type of traffic control. Four-lane undivided highways had the highest average accident rate; parkways (toll roads) had the lowest rate. The severity of accidents was related to types of accidents, highways, and traffic control and to safety belt usage. Accidents involving pedestrians were the most …

Highway Pavement Maintenance Costs And Pavement Type Selection, Donald C. Newberry Jr., Jesse G. Mayes, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A long-term analysis of pavement maintenance cost has been performed. The analysis does not include construction or resurfacing costs. The sample of pavement sections investigated were chosen to best represent the entire state. These sections were classified by pavement type; either bituminous concrete, portland cement concrete, or composite. The cost per lane mile (kilometer) per year was calculated for each pavement type by year and by age of pavement. Apparent differences in pavement maintenance costs between the two basic types of pavements were adjudged insignificant from the standpoint of determining pavement type. Because of poor or erroneous cost reporting, actual …

Bulletin 3933 - Trickle Irrigation For Home Gardens, K Cole

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

The use of trickle irrigation in the home garden can save money, time and water.

Trickle irrigation is a concept first used in glasshouses in England, then applied to field crops in Israel and developed and refined in Australia and America. Today it is widely used in orchards, vineyards, vegetable gardens and now has gained wide acceptance in the growing of ornamental plants.

Any good trickle system uses small quantities of water over an extended period of time. In the home garden, flows of 2.25 litres to 4.5 litres per hour are usual though for small shrubs lesser amounts may …

Ole Miss Engineer 1975

Ole Miss Engineer

No abstract provided.

Tentative Load And Resistance Factor Design Criteria For Steel Beam-Columns, M. K. Ravindra, Theodore V. Galambos

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

Nominal design equations and reai•tance factors are developed for steel beam-columns as part of Load and Resistance Factor Design criteria for steel buildings. The resistance factors are derived from principles of first-order probability theory using calibration to present designs.