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Articles 34621 - 34650 of 40071

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Stress Field Under A Reservoir And Its Induced Earthquake, Tao Zhen-Yu, Tang Fang-Fu Jun 1988

Stress Field Under A Reservoir And Its Induced Earthquake, Tao Zhen-Yu, Tang Fang-Fu

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper provides a conceptual model for the study of water-induced earthquake, from which a coupled analysis program of two-dimensional elasto-plastic media has been made. It analyzes the characteristics of the change of stress field and infiltration field under reservoir and studies the relationship between these characteristics and those of water-induced earthquake. At last, it gives out prediction results to a water-induced sequence.

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The Observed Seismic Behavior Of The Matahina Dam, M. D. Gillon Jun 1988

The Observed Seismic Behavior Of The Matahina Dam, M. D. Gillon

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

On 2 March 1987 the 86 m high Matahina earth dam in the Eastern Bay of Plenty region of New Zealand was shaken by a nearby magnitude 6.3 earthquake. The dam response was recorded by five strong motion accelerometers and a maximum crest level acceleration of 0.42 g was measured. The crest level rockfill settled about 100 mm and moved downstream 250 mm during the earthquake. No major leakage has resulted from the earthquake. The results of the damage investigations are described. A condition probably requiring remedial work has been identified on the left abutment.

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The Simplified Formulas For Predicting Seismic Liquefaction Of Saturated Clayey Silt Site, Wang Yuqing Jun 1988

The Simplified Formulas For Predicting Seismic Liquefaction Of Saturated Clayey Silt Site, Wang Yuqing

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In the reconstruction of old factories and in the small scale engineering, it is often taken place that the present methods for predicting liquefaction of clayey silt could be not used for lack of subsoil exploration data. Two simplified formulas which contain the coefficient of αPc considering the effect of clay content Pc and the coefficient of αIp considering the effect of plasticity index Ip are presented for predicting seismic liquefaction of saturated clayey silt. Thus, the prediction of liquefaction of clayey silt could be effectively proceeded under the conditions lacking of analysing data of soil grain composition.

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Upgrading The Seismic Resistance Of Stevens Creek Dam, K. V. Rodda, C. W. Perry, R. E. Tepel Jun 1988

Upgrading The Seismic Resistance Of Stevens Creek Dam, K. V. Rodda, C. W. Perry, R. E. Tepel

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Stevens Creek Darn is a rolled earthfill structure with a height of about 120 feet. A seismic safety evaluation in 1978 concluded that the darn would probably be severely damaged if subjected to a maximum credible earthquake originating on the nearby San Andreas fault. Normal reservoir operation was immediately restricted, pending decisions as to the fate of the project. Conceptual design studies were completed in 1982 to identify the most promising alternative remedial concepts. The most promising concepts were chosen and final design of modifications to the dam and its appurtenant hydraulic structures were completed in 1984. Modification of the …

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Vibration Response Of Railway Bridge Piers To Nearby Pile Driving, I. Rosenthal, M. Itskowitch Jun 1988

Vibration Response Of Railway Bridge Piers To Nearby Pile Driving, I. Rosenthal, M. Itskowitch

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

In the development of a new highway system approaching Tel Aviv, Israel, long piles had to be driven very close to an existing railway bridge. In view of the danger of structural damage to the bridge, as a result of ground vibrations excited by the pile-driving work, field measurements were ordered. Vibrations recorded at the bridge pier heads in the course of the driving operation were analyzed and compared with those excited by trains. Results showed that the former are generally lower than the latter, and neither one exceeds the limits prescribed by the codes.

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A Foundation Failure In Philadelphia, W. B. Fergusson, E. F. Glynn Jun 1988

A Foundation Failure In Philadelphia, W. B. Fergusson, E. F. Glynn

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The foundation failure of the 22 story, steel framed, federal courthouse in Philadelphia occurred because of an inadequate geotechnical assessment of a complex geological condition. The founding elevations for caissons were improperly determined on materials that could not sustain the design load. This condition was further complicated by the presence of groundwater and poor concrete construction practices. These conditions resulted in an extensive and costly remedial measures which included a grouting program and the replacement of 14 faulty caissons.

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Anchor Failures At A Deep Excavation, Vinod K. Garga Jun 1988

Anchor Failures At A Deep Excavation, Vinod K. Garga

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Paper describes failures of some high tensile strength steel tensioned rock anchors at a deep excavation. The failures are attributed to stress corrosion to which the high tensile strength steel is particularly susceptible. The method which was used to estimate the life of remaining anchors on the project is described. The need for ensuring a high level of care during transportation, storage and installation of such high tensile strength steel bars is emphasised.

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Bearing Capacity Of Pile Foundations, Xie Sheng-Sun Jun 1988

Bearing Capacity Of Pile Foundations, Xie Sheng-Sun

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper deals with the case histories about the bearing capacity of piles in an off shore thermal power plant, it includes: (1) The exploring of the site and the setting of the data in pile foundation design. (2) Static load test of inclined piles with deviations ranging from 3 to 10 degrees from vertical.

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Behavior Of Buried Concrete Box Culvert, Y. S. Kim, P. Y. Thompson Jun 1988

Behavior Of Buried Concrete Box Culvert, Y. S. Kim, P. Y. Thompson

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The centrifuge model technique is used to evaluate the behavior of a 5-in. X 5-in. concrete box culvert under a 4-in. backfill soil. Two different types of soil installations are studied: embankment and trench. Results of the centrifuge model study for both installations are compared with each other, and with predictions of a finite element code, CANDE (Culvert ANalysis and DEsign). Furthermore, the influence of soil stiffness for backfill is studied. The results of CANDE analyses including a nonlinear constitutive model for characterizing soil and incremental construction w1th a symmetric mesh are reported.

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Behavior Of Ground Anchors For Taipei Sedimentary Soils, J. C. Li, H. L. Yao, L. P. Shi, B. I. Shy Jun 1988

Behavior Of Ground Anchors For Taipei Sedimentary Soils, J. C. Li, H. L. Yao, L. P. Shi, B. I. Shy

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Seven ground anchors were installed for full scale field tests in Taipei Railway Underground Project. The soil at job site can generally be classified as silty clay or clayey silt. The length of the anchors was about 40 m each, including 23 m bond length. The borehole diameter was 125 mm and the designed borehole inclination was 26 degrees downward. Each of the anchors was expected to share approximately 300 to 400 kN of tie-back force to support the diaphragm wall during excavation. Investigation of the borehole inclination was carried out by using horizontal inclinometer. The distribution of skin friction …

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Building Design And Construction Over Organic Soil, C. N. Baker Jr., S. B. Steinberg, W. Lam Jun 1988

Building Design And Construction Over Organic Soil, C. N. Baker Jr., S. B. Steinberg, W. Lam

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A lowrise office building was constructed on a mat foundation over a thick peat deposit that had been preconsolidated beneath surface fill. Environmental restrictions prevented use of deep foundations for fear that penetration through an aquaclude would permit contamination of a deeper water table. This paper describes the laboratory testing and field instrumentation programs, as well as the special geotechnical and structural analysis undertaken for the design and construction of this project. Included in the program were long-term consolidation tests, pressuremeter tests, use of heave markers, inclinometers and pore pressure piezometers. A site history was also developed to define the …

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Case Studies Through Material Modelling And Computation, C. S. Desai Jun 1988

Case Studies Through Material Modelling And Computation, C. S. Desai

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes a number of case studies by using numerical procedures conducted by the author and his co-workers over a number of years. The case studies involve a wide range of static and dynamic stress-deformation, seepage and stability, and consolidation problems. The numerical procedures use simple linear and nonlinear elastic models, to advanced but simplified hierarchical plasticity based models for geologic materials and interfaces/joints. The evolution from the use of simple to advanced models is guided by the realization that it is essential to employ models that are capable of handling the complexities in geotechnical systems. In addition to …

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Compaction-Induced Distress Of A Long-Span Culvert Overpass Structure, Raymond B. Seed, Chang-Yu Ou Jun 1988

Compaction-Induced Distress Of A Long-Span Culvert Overpass Structure, Raymond B. Seed, Chang-Yu Ou

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Compaction of backfill produces soil stresses and earth pressures which are not amenable to analysis by conventional methods. These compaction-induced earth pressures can produce stresses and deformations in flexible buried culvert structures which may significantly affect the stability and performance of these structures. This paper presents the results of a study in which deformations of a long-span flexible metal culvert were measured during carefully monitored backfill operations. These field measurements were then compared with the results of finite element analyses in order to investigate (a) the influence of compaction effects on culvert stresses and deformations, and (b) the ability of …

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Comparisons Between Field And Analytical Behavior Of An Experimental Excavation, Roberto Azevedo, Nilo Consoli Jun 1988

Comparisons Between Field And Analytical Behavior Of An Experimental Excavation, Roberto Azevedo, Nilo Consoli

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper analyses the behaviour of an experimental unsupported excavation taken to failure in a soft clay deposit near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The excavation was originally analyzed by Pontes Filho and Medeiros (1982) assuming undrained conditions. In this paper, the same excavation is analyzed by Biot's coupled theory of consolidation and deformation using linear elastic, non-linear-elastic and elasto-plastic constitutive models and simulating the excavation process in time, without a – priori hypothesis on the drainage conditions. Details of the excavation construction, geotechnical profile and instrumentation are briefly described. Subsequently, the constitutive model calibrations are discussed in view of laboratory …

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Diagnosis Of Structural Damage And Movement Due To More Than One Cause, G. E. Barnes Jun 1988

Diagnosis Of Structural Damage And Movement Due To More Than One Cause, G. E. Barnes

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A structural and ground investigation was carried out on a domestic property at Leigh, Lancashire, England. The settlement of the property was measured and showed a complex pattern of movement which was separated into: (i) an overall tilt towards the east; (ii) an outward tilt of the northern and southern ends; and (iii) severe tilting and cracking at the northern end. Following detailed investigation separate causes were assigned to each of these movements as: (i) preferential longwall mining to the east of the site; (ii) eccentric loading at the northern and southern ends; and (iii) moisture removal from the stiff …

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Drilled Pier Load Test, Fort Collins, Colorado, J. B. Hummert Jr., T. L. Cooling Jun 1988

Drilled Pier Load Test, Fort Collins, Colorado, J. B. Hummert Jr., T. L. Cooling

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A full-scale compressive load test was conducted on a drilled pier in the Pierre Shale Formation near Fort Collins, Colorado, to verify design parameters. The test pier was designed based on presumptive design criteria for both end-bearing and skin friction in the shale. The maximum test load of 6.7 MN (750 tons) resulted in a deflection of approximately 230 mm (9.0 in.). Instrumentation within the pier allowed determination of the actual end-bearing and skin friction values at various applied loads. Based on results of the test, production piers were redesigned for skin friction only and shear rings were added to …

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Dynamic Testing Versus Static Load Tests: Five Case Histories, Stephen S. M. Cheng, Shaheen A. Ahman Jun 1988

Dynamic Testing Versus Static Load Tests: Five Case Histories, Stephen S. M. Cheng, Shaheen A. Ahman

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Five case histories, where the ultimate bearing capacity of the piles was evaluated by both dynamic measurements and static load tests in Southern Ontario, Canada, are presented. The ultimate bearing capacity of the piles obtained by both methods are compared and found that the ultimate bearing capacities evaluated by dynamic measurements are within 1 to 15 percent of the static load test results analysed by the Offset Limit Load Criterion. In four of the six piles evaluated, the dynamic analysis results are within 10 percent of the static load test results. The correlations have shown that dynamic analysis of pile …

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Failure Of An Oil Storage Tank, A. Verghese Chummar Jun 1988

Failure Of An Oil Storage Tank, A. Verghese Chummar

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

One of the three oil storage tanks constructed failed while being test loaded by filling with water. A detailed study of soil characteristics and the causes for the failure of only one of the three oil storage tanks is analysed in detail in the paper. A method of stabilising the weak soil for the re-construction of the tank at the same location is recommended based on laboratory studies made.

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Gbs Platform Evaluation Using Field Instrumentation, Joseph M. Keaveny, Per Magne Aas, Farrokh Nadim Jun 1988

Gbs Platform Evaluation Using Field Instrumentation, Joseph M. Keaveny, Per Magne Aas, Farrokh Nadim

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A case history of the foundation behaviour of an offshore gravity base structure (GBS) is presented. The platform rests on an overconsolidated fissured clay, bounded, top and bottom, by pervious sand layers. Sixteen piezometers have been placed within this 30 m layer. Based on one-dimensional consolidation theory, independent analyses using both settlement and pore pressure measurements indicated a high degree of consolidation had occurred much sooner than was estimated in the initial design phase. These analyses indicated that laboratory oedometer tests underpredicted the coefficient of consolidation by one to two orders of magnitude. Updated settlements and stability analyses yielded 50% …

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Geotechnical Investigation Into Causes Of Failure Of A Gabion Retaining Wall, Edward A. Nowatzki, Brian P. Wrench Jun 1988

Geotechnical Investigation Into Causes Of Failure Of A Gabion Retaining Wall, Edward A. Nowatzki, Brian P. Wrench

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

This paper describes the post-failure analysis of a 26m long x 4m high gabion retaining wall located in a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. The wall had been built just beyond the toe of a natural slope with most of the gabion units resting on the bed of a small river. The river bed soils consisted of approximately 2.5 m of soft, dark-grey, silty clay underlain by massive granite bedrock. The water table at the toe of the wall was within 0.1 m of the river bed surface. Failure of the wall occurred over the weekend after backfilling to grade …

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Health Of Ammonia Horton Spheres And Foundations – A Case History, Gopal Ranjan, S. K. Kaushik, V. K. Gupta Jun 1988

Health Of Ammonia Horton Spheres And Foundations – A Case History, Gopal Ranjan, S. K. Kaushik, V. K. Gupta

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Liquid Ammonia is stored under pressure in steel Horton spheres (diameter 17 m) under operating pressures of 5-6 kg/cm2. These spheres are supported on twelve steel columns, concrete pedestals, concrete ring beam and raft or pile foundation depending on the soil conditions. The continuous circular ring beam rests on 72 concrete piles each 45 mm dia and 17 to 20 m long. The second identical Horton sphere is supported on a raft foundation. The two Horton spheres have been subjected to a hydrostatic loading of 1. 7 kg/cm2 and an additional pressure of 7.3 kg/cm2 for …

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Lipari Landfill: Leachate Containment System – Geotechnical Considerations, John Ramage Jun 1988

Lipari Landfill: Leachate Containment System – Geotechnical Considerations, John Ramage

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Lipari Landfill, located near Pitman, New Jersey, is a 16-acre former sand and gravel and waste disposal site that operated from 1958 through early 1970. This site was ranked the number one site in the U.S. EPA's first National Priority List of uncontrolled hazardous waste disposal sites. Site investigations and analysis of contamination both on- and off-site began in late 1979. Design of the Phase I remediation, consisting of encapsulation utilizing a vertical barrier keyed into a relatively impermeable clay layer and a cover over the entire site, began in late 1982. Construction of the leachate containment system began …

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Movement In The Powerhouse Excavation Saguling Project, Indonesia, George F. Sowers Jun 1988

Movement In The Powerhouse Excavation Saguling Project, Indonesia, George F. Sowers

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Ground expansion and finally sliding occurred in one corner of the 25 m deep open excavation for the powerhouse. The movement occurred in a slickensided claystone overlain by water bearing sandy gravel. The cause was expansion of the claystone followed by its weakening from water pressure in the open slickensided cracks. The excavation was finally stabilized by drainage plus reinforced sloping walls restrained by cable anchors in the rock below. The paper summarizes the pertinent soil and rock properties and describes the analyses of the movements, the corrective measures and their varied performance, an9 the professional lessons to be gained.

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Performance Evaluation Of Pile Foundation Using Cpt Data, Keith D. Tucker Jun 1988

Performance Evaluation Of Pile Foundation Using Cpt Data, Keith D. Tucker

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

The Southern California Edison Company (SCE) has utilized cone penetrometer test (CPT) data for design of concrete drilled shafts and driven piles at various facilities over the past seven years with substantial cost savings in field exploration and foundation design. This paper incorporates a performance evaluation of drilled shafts and driven piles to predict the uplift load versus deflection curves based on the embedded length to diameter ratio of each foundation. A revised design methodology is presented to correlate the side friction values from CPT data with field uplift load test results in granular and cohesive soils.

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Post-Tensioned Caissons Permit Interstate Construction: A Case History, A. Joseph Nicholson Jr., John R. Wolosick Jun 1988

Post-Tensioned Caissons Permit Interstate Construction: A Case History, A. Joseph Nicholson Jr., John R. Wolosick

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Due to severe right of way restrictions associated with the relocation and widening of Interstate 85 in Atlanta Georgia, a special post-tensioned caisson retaining wall was constructed within 12 inches of an adjacent parking garage and office building. National Foundation Company's design for the twenty foot high retaining structure was used in lieu of an L-shaped cantilevered concrete retaining wall that required extensive temporary shoring for construction. The caisson wall was instrumented and monitored during and after construction using slope indicators and optical survey.

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Predicting Performance Of Large-Diameter Buried Flexible Pipes: Learning From Case Histories, Koon Meng Chua, Larry J. Petroff Jun 1988

Predicting Performance Of Large-Diameter Buried Flexible Pipes: Learning From Case Histories, Koon Meng Chua, Larry J. Petroff

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Analytical approaches to predicting pipe deflections are based on the predetermined pipe properties, the anticipated soil properties and on the assumption that the specified installation configuration can be met. However, in-place pipe deflections do often deviate from the predicted. This paper summarizes the observations made from more than twenty case histories of entrenched large-diameter flexible high density polyethylene pipes and discusses the effects of construction methods and site conditions on pipe performance. Procedures are also presented on how site conditions and construction methods can be accounted for when using the TAMPIPE (Texas A&M PIPE) method and the Spangler's method. Procedures …

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Pressure Injected Footings – A Case History, M. R. Lewis, M. M. Blendy Jun 1988

Pressure Injected Footings – A Case History, M. R. Lewis, M. M. Blendy

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A specialty contractor installed high-capacity pressure-injected footings (PIFs) for foundations in a congested area of an existing coal-fired power plant. Some concrete cylinders broke at strengths significantly lower than the minimum specified strength. Initial coring of some of the PIFs uncovered voids and deleterious matter at the junction of the shaft and the end-bearing base of the PIFs. Subsequent load tests and additional coring substantiated the load-transfer problem. A field testing program was initiated to verify the load-carrying capacity of all the completed PIFs. Wave equation analyses optimized the testing program, established the field testing criteria, and predicted ultimate capacities …

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The Case Record Of Ba-Yu-Quan Anchor Slab Retaining Wall, Z. S. Zhang, D. Z. Luan, X. X. Zhang Jun 1988

The Case Record Of Ba-Yu-Quan Anchor Slab Retaining Wall, Z. S. Zhang, D. Z. Luan, X. X. Zhang

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

Anchor slab retaining wall is a kind of retaining structure, which consists of prefabricated rib-columns, panel slabs, tie-bars and anchor slabs embedded in earth fill. Since the structure was first used and developed in China in 1974, many such structure have been built on railways and other engineering projects. The reviewer of Second International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering gave a comments about this structure as follows: "Chinese method anchor slab the construction should interest the western world". Ba-Yu-Quan anchor slab retaining wall has been instrumented to measure the load on the tie-bar, the horizontal displacement of the …

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Geotechnical Studies Of Foundation Of A Tilted Tank At Parikshatgarh, India, G. C. Nayak, B. Singh, P. K. Jain Jun 1988

Geotechnical Studies Of Foundation Of A Tilted Tank At Parikshatgarh, India, G. C. Nayak, B. Singh, P. K. Jain

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

An overhead tank of 200 KL capacity and 9 m staging was constructed in year 1975 at the ancient historical site at Parikshatgarh, Meerut, India. The depth of foundation is 1.6 m and inner and outer diameters of annular raft is 6.8 m and 10.3 respectively. In year 1978, the overhead tank was observed to be tilted. Detailed geotechnical studies have been conducted in 1987 to find out the causes of tilting of the tank and tilts have been measured every month for last one year. It is interesting to note that in spite of severe tilt of 4.3 cm/meter …

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Settlement Predictions In Residual Soils By Dilatometer, Pressuremeter And One-Dimensional Compression Tests: Comparison With Measured Field Response, Roy H. Borden, William J. Sullivan, Weichen Lien Jun 1988

Settlement Predictions In Residual Soils By Dilatometer, Pressuremeter And One-Dimensional Compression Tests: Comparison With Measured Field Response, Roy H. Borden, William J. Sullivan, Weichen Lien

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

A case study investigating settlement predictions based on data from one dimensional compression, pressuremeter (PMT) and dilatometer (DMT) tests is presented. A relationship is established between PMT and DMT evaluated moduli and the standard penetration N values. These relationships are utilized in the settlement computations. The predictions obtained by each method are compared to the actual measured settlement. The column location at which settlement observations were made was instrumented with strain gages to measure the actual applied loads. A comparison between actual and design loads is made. Settlement predictions using PMT were performed utilizing two different existing approaches. A distinction …

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