International Currency Correlation,
2017
Bryant University
International Currency Correlation, Thomas Griffin
Honors Projects in Finance
The purpose of this project is to examine the effects that one country’s currency can have on another countries currency. Currency is one of the key determinants of how a country’s economy is performing compared to the rest of the world. Some currencies have a negative or positive correlation with other currencies around the world. This data will help investors determine what they can expect to happen to a countries currency when there is a fluctuation in another currency. Certain industry practices where this information will be useful include the hedge fund industry and other global companies. This will be …
2017 Private Capital Markets Report,
2017
Pepperdine University
2017 Private Capital Markets Report, Craig R. Everett
Pepperdine Private Capital Markets Report
The Pepperdine private cost of capital survey was originally launched in 2007 and is the first comprehensive and simultaneous investigation of the major private capital market segments. This year’s survey specifically examined the behavior of senior lenders, asset‐based lenders, mezzanine funds, private equity groups, venture capital firms, angel investors, privately‐held businesses, investment bankers, business brokers, limited partners, and business appraisers. The Pepperdine survey investigated, for each private capital market segment, the important benchmarks that must be met in order to qualify for capital, how much capital is typically accessible, what the required returns are for extending capital in today’s economic …
On The Foundations Of Corporate Social Responsibility,
2017
Singapore Management University
On The Foundations Of Corporate Social Responsibility, Hao Liang, Luc Renneboog
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
A firm’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) practice and its country’s legal origin are strongly correlated. This relation is valid for various CSR ratings coming from several large datasets that comprise more than 23,000 large companies from 114 countries. We find that CSR is more strongly and consistently related to legal origins than to “doing good by doing well”-factors, and most firm and country characteristics such as ownership concentration, political institutions, and degree of globalization. In particular, companies from common law countries have lower level of CSR than companies from civil law countries, and Scandinavian civil law firms assume highest level …
Do Politically Connected Directors Affect Accounting Quality? Evidence From China's Anti-Corruption Campaign (Rule 18),
2017
University of Toronto
Do Politically Connected Directors Affect Accounting Quality? Evidence From China's Anti-Corruption Campaign (Rule 18), Ole-Kristian Hope, Heng Yue, Qinlin Zhong
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
We examine the impact of politically connected directors on accounting quality using a quasi experiment in China. In October 2013, “Rule 18” was issued to prohibit government and party officials, who were concurrently holding public offices or had recently retired from such positions within the last three years, from serving as directors for publicly listed firms. The regulation is part of China’s anti-corruption campaign, and it has led to a large number of politically connected directors resigning from their roles as directors involuntarily. As such, Rule 18 has effectively weakened, if not fully discontinued, the political connections of the firms …
Insider Versus Outsider Ceos, Executive Compensation, And Accounting Manipulation,
2017
Singapore Management University
Insider Versus Outsider Ceos, Executive Compensation, And Accounting Manipulation, Prasart Jongjaroenkamol, Volker Laux
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
This paper examines the role of the financial reporting environment in selecting a new CEO from within versus outside the organization. Weak reporting controls allow the CEO to misreport performance information, which reduces the board's ability to detect and replace poorly-performing CEOs as well as aggravates incentive contracting. We show that these adverse effects are stronger when the CEO is an outsider rather than an insider. Our model predicts that boards are more likely to recruit a CEO from the outside when the performance measures with which the new hire is assessed are harder to manipulate.
People, Planet, Profit: Benefit And B Certified Corporations - Comprehension And Outlook Of Business Students,
2017
Salve Regina University
People, Planet, Profit: Benefit And B Certified Corporations - Comprehension And Outlook Of Business Students, Arlene J. Nicholas, Samuel Sacco
Faculty and Staff - Articles & Papers
This paper is an overview of the emergence of Benefit and Certified B Corporations that aim to realize a profit and make a positive impact on society as measured by some third party standard. In this way, these corporations differ in corporate purpose from traditional C corporations. Directors and managers are accountable for that defined public benefit. Considerations of sustainable business practices have existed in many industries for several years. However, the recent growth in legislation to create a legal framework for Benefit Corporations is newly emergent. An examination of recent literature explains the rise of these socially responsible organizations, …
Heterogeneity In The Speed Of Adjustment To Target Leverage: A Uk Study,
2017
Technological University Dublin
Heterogeneity In The Speed Of Adjustment To Target Leverage: A Uk Study, James Fitzgerald, James Ryan, Sheila Killian
Conference papers
Responding to the need to address heterogeneity in the speed of adjustment (SOA) to target leverage in a manner that reflects the fractional nature of leverage, we estimate SOAs across sub-samples of UK firms using the Dynamic Panel Fractional estimator (DPF). Using firm risk as a categorising variable, we show that riskier firms tend to adjust to target leverage at a faster rate, suggesting opportunity costs of being away from target leverage are higher for riskier firms. We also demonstrate the bias in SOAs as estimated using a model that does not account for the fractional nature of leverage, and …
Regulatory Pressure And Income Smoothing By Banks In Response To Anticipated Changes To The Basel Ii Accord,
2017
Singapore Management University
Regulatory Pressure And Income Smoothing By Banks In Response To Anticipated Changes To The Basel Ii Accord, Chu Yeong Lim, Kevin Ow Yong
Research Collection School of Accountancy
We examine the effects of the revised Basel II rules on bank managers’ discretionary behavior, specifically income smoothing and loan loss provisioning. As the revised rules exert greater regulatory pressure on corporate than retail banking, we predict corporate bank managers to reduce risk-taking activities or increase income smoothing. Analysis of segmental reports reveals greater (less) income smoothing in the corporate banking segments of low-capital (high-capital) banks during the Basel II period, with their managers recognizing loan loss provisions in a less timely fashion. We find no such effects for retail banking. Although we document an initially negative market reaction to …
2017 Q1 Private Capital Access Index Report,
2017
Pepperdine University
2017 Q1 Private Capital Access Index Report, Craig R. Everett
Pepperdine Private Capital Access Report
The Pepperdine Private Capital Access Index (PCA) is a quarterly indicator produced by the Graziadio School of Business and Management at Pepperdine University, and with the support of Dun & Bradstreet. The index is designed to measure the demand for, activity, and health of the private capital markets. The purpose of the PCA Index is to gauge the demand of small and medium sized businesses for financing needs, the level of accessibility of private capital, and the transparency and efficiency of private financing markets.
Public Company Health Insurers And Medical Loss Ratios: An Event Study Of Dates Associated With The Affordable Care Act,
2017
George Fox University
Public Company Health Insurers And Medical Loss Ratios: An Event Study Of Dates Associated With The Affordable Care Act, Rachelle Quinn
Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has proved to be a contentious regulatory and political topic. Although key features were established within the law the complexity of the new provisions and political opposition resulted in a series of federal and state governmental process changes, rule clarifications, and legal challenges. One component of the ACA is the introduction of a federal Medical Loss Ratio (MLR), which requires insurers to spend specified percentages of their premium revenue dollars on medical services and quality improvement actions. If thresholds are not met, insurers must refund premiums to their members, potentially removing millions of dollars from …
Voluntary Fair Value Disclosures Beyond Sfas 157’S Three-Level Estimates,
2017
Wayne State University
Voluntary Fair Value Disclosures Beyond Sfas 157’S Three-Level Estimates, Sung Gon Chung, Beng Wee Goh, Jeffrey Ng, Kevin Ow Yong
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Some firms voluntarily make disclosures about the controls and processes in place to ensure the reliability of fair value estimates. Consistent with these disclosures being driven by management’s concerns about the reliability of their SFAS 157 estimates, we find that firms with more opaque estimates are more likely to provide such disclosures. We then examine whether these disclosures increase the reliability of fair value estimates. We find that they are associated with higher market pricing and lower information risk for Level 3 estimates. Further analyses of the contents of the reliability disclosures reveal that the following are particularly important to …
Conditional Conservatism And Debt Versus Equity Financing,
2017
Singapore Management University
Conditional Conservatism And Debt Versus Equity Financing, Beng Wee Goh, Chee Yeow Lim, Gerald J. Lobo, Yen H. Tong
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Extant research suggests that conditional conservatism reduces information asymmetry between a firm and its shareholders as well as its debtholders. However, there is little evidence on whether conditional conservatism reduces information asymmetry differentially for shareholders and debtholders. We use the setting of a firm's choice between equity versus debt when it seeks a significant amount of external financing to examine this research question. We find that when firms raise a significant amount of external financing, the use of equity (versus debt) increases with the level of conservatism. We also find that the reduction in cost of equity associated with conservatism …
Continuous Auditing: A New Instrument In The Cfo’S Toolbox,
2017
Singapore Management University
Continuous Auditing: A New Instrument In The Cfo’S Toolbox, Clarence Goh
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
In the past decade, rapid technological developments have led to the widespread adoption of enterprise resource planning systems. These ERP platforms not only allow different functional areas of a business to share data, but also enable businesses to generate financial information in real time.Such developments have fundamentally altered how businesses operate, and present both challenges and opportunities for CFOs and auditors.That’s because traditional audit methods have, to a significant extent, not kept up with these developments. Many audit procedures that are used today remain manual in nature, and are often costly in terms of both time and money. To a …
Rethinking Corporate Governance For A Bondholder Financed, Systemically Risky World,
2017
William & Mary Law School
Rethinking Corporate Governance For A Bondholder Financed, Systemically Risky World, Steven L. Schwarcz
William & Mary Law Review
This Article makes two arguments that, combined, demonstrate an important synergy: first, including bondholders in corporate governance could help to reduce systemic risk because bondholders are more risk averse than shareholders; second, corporate governance should include bondholders because bonds now dwarf equity as a source of corporate financing and bond prices are increasingly tied to firm performance.
Corporate Investment And Stock Liquidity: Evidence On The Price Impact Of Trade,
2017
Cleveland State University
Corporate Investment And Stock Liquidity: Evidence On The Price Impact Of Trade, Moonsoo Kang, Wei Wang, Chanyoung Eom
Business Faculty Publications
We document that corporate investment contributes to stock liquidity. This study demonstrates a positive relationship between abnormal corporate investment and stock liquidity in the cross-section.Moreover, stock liquidity
improves more apparently for firms with financial constraints. Our robustness check confirms that the
existing regularities cannot explain the current finding. This analysis suggests that corporate investment decreases
the risk of a firm and that a change in the risk affects the behavior of a market maker, leading to an increase
in stock liquidity.
You Can’T Stop What You Can’T See: Complementary Risk Mitigation Through Compensation Disclosure,
2017
William & Mary Law School
You Can’T Stop What You Can’T See: Complementary Risk Mitigation Through Compensation Disclosure, Matt Reeder
William & Mary Business Law Review
Section 956 of the Dodd-Frank Act requires regulators to help prevent the next financial crisis by monitoring executive compensation arrangements to prevent them from becoming excessive or leading to “material financial loss.” A now-pending rule seeks to do just this. This Article argues that the rule is well-conceived inasmuch as it limits the total portion of compensation that can be based on risk-inducing incentives, ties incentive-based compensation to longer-term performance, places a ceiling on potential incentivebased earnings, provides for downward adjustment and clawbacks, prohibits many hedging behaviors, and institutionalizes governance mechanisms and oversight policies. But, by placing a number of …
Subprime Mortgage Lending As It Relates To The 2007-2009 Financial Crisis,
2017
Liberty University
Subprime Mortgage Lending As It Relates To The 2007-2009 Financial Crisis, Josiah Bardy
The Kabod
The 2007-2009 financial crisis was the worst recession in recent economic history. The financial crisis has been the subject of much academic scrutiny, and many authors have arrived at different conclusions concerning the cause of the crisis and the effects. One of the most interesting real estate investments occurred during the crisis: certain investors and organizations predicted the bursting of the housing bubble and shorted real-estate backed securities, yielding huge profit. This paper will explore the financial crisis as well as the concurrent short selling to gain better understanding of financial markets, economic bubbles and recessions, and real-estate backed securities.
Auditing Organizational Governance: Internal Audit Has An Integral Role To Play In Improving The Organization's Strategic Performance,
2017
University of Dayton
Auditing Organizational Governance: Internal Audit Has An Integral Role To Play In Improving The Organization's Strategic Performance, Sridhar Ramamoorti, Alan N. Siegfried, P. Alan White
Accounting Faculty Publications
Organizational governance is a broad concept that ensures superior strategy formulation, development, and execution in ways that balance performance, conformance, and accountability. It includes systems, controls, and associated processes that promote ethics and values, performance and accountability, and risk communication and coordination among the board, external and internal auditors, and management in meeting and exceeding stakeholder expectations. Internal audit’s role in organizational governance has always been recognized and valued, but it has become increasingly important in the wake of governance failures in financial and public sectors throughout the world. As a result, more and more boards as well as executive …
News Management Around Equity Private Placements,
2017
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
News Management Around Equity Private Placements, Hsiao-Chen Liang, Woan-Yuh Jang
The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance
Private placement is the sale of securities to a limited number of qualified institutions or high-wealth investors. Although private placement is favorable for firms raising capital, it is relatively easy for managers to exploit it to benefit specific investors. Using a sample of Taiwanese private placements covering 2006 to 2010, we use both quantitative and qualitative variables to examine the determinants of the valence and tenor of media coverage around private placement announcements and study whether managers strategically perform news management. The results show that issuers will engage in news management around private placement announcements to facilitate the issue process. …
When The Going Gets Tough, The Tough Get Going,
2017
University of Turku, School of Economics
When The Going Gets Tough, The Tough Get Going, Antti Fredriksson, Daniela Maresch, Matthias Fink, Andrea Moro
The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance
A bank’s lending decision is affected by the amount of information it can access and by its capability to manage this information. The latter aspect implies that the bank has to decide whether borrowers should be managed in a local branch of the bank or in its headquarters. By looking at a sample of Finnish banks, the present research investigates a bank’s capability to extract profitability from both locally and centrally managed firms. We find that banks are able to properly discriminate between firms: those which should be managed by loan managers with expert knowledge in the bank’s headquarters due …
