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Full-Text Articles in Corporate Finance

Can Corporate Sustainability Performance (Csp) Overcome Indonesia's Corporate Debt Problems?, Johnson Ferry Febrian, Nora Sri Hendriyeni Jun 2024

Can Corporate Sustainability Performance (Csp) Overcome Indonesia's Corporate Debt Problems?, Johnson Ferry Febrian, Nora Sri Hendriyeni

Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia

Based on IMF publications (2022), Indonesian companies have a risky debt level that may cause bankruptcy, so companies are required to make leverage adjustments to return the debt to its optimal level. In recent years, corporate sustainability performance (CSP) practices have been proven to improve performance and overcome financial problems such as debt by integrating sustainability aspects into business processes. Based on stakeholder theory and trade-off theory, this study aims to examine the effect of CSP on leverage adjustment and the role of competitive advantage, equity mispricing, profitability, and firm size in moderating this relationship. This study used a sample …


Beyond The Number: Tone Analysis In Annual Reports, Ani Wilujeng Suryani, Dinda Tustika Apta Fauz Jun 2024

Beyond The Number: Tone Analysis In Annual Reports, Ani Wilujeng Suryani, Dinda Tustika Apta Fauz

Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia

In making decisions, stakeholders utilize not only quantitative information but also qualitative information, such as annual reports. However, annual reports in narrative form are often used to exaggerate company performance data. One aspect that influences stakeholders’ decision is tone. This study aims to examine the impact of positive tone disclosure in management analysis reports and discussions on company value. This study was conducted on 166 financial and property companies listed on the IDX. Management analysis and discussion reports were categorized according to their tone. Using linguistic inquiry and word count software (LIWC-22), the procedure yielded more precise and consistent analysis. …


The Governance Of Director Compensation, Lily Fang, Sterling Huang May 2024

The Governance Of Director Compensation, Lily Fang, Sterling Huang

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

The average total compensation of directors in U.S.-listed companies was $342,030 in 2020, 5.06 times the median household income. Directors set their own pay, giving rise to potential self-dealing. We argue and document that in the presence of self-dealing, external mechanisms such as legal standards act as effective means of governance. Following a landmark Delaware court ruling that subjected director pay to a more stringent legal standard, Delaware-incorporated firms reduced director compensation relative to non-Delaware firms and experienced positive and non-transient stock price reactions. Our results indicate that proper governance of director compensation enhances firm value.


Capitalism, Global Militarism, And Canada’S Investment In The Caribbean, Tamanisha J. John Apr 2024

Capitalism, Global Militarism, And Canada’S Investment In The Caribbean, Tamanisha J. John

Class, Race and Corporate Power

At the end of the 1990s, there existed a belief that a growing Canadian military involvement in the Caribbean region was unlikely if it was not associated with Canada’s interest in Latin America (Klepak 1996). This view had such a large impact that today there is a dearth of information on Canada’s military involvement in the Caribbean region. Lacking systematic investigation, two myths have perpetuated: first that Canada has no stake or interest in Caribbean security, insofar as those interests cannot be tied to Canada’s interests in Latin America; and second, that all expressions of Canada’s involvement in Caribbean security …


Capital Expenditure Dynamics In Asean: Unveiling Determinants And The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Non-Financial Corporations, Solikin M. Juhro, Dhaha Praviandi Kuantan, Charvin Lim Mar 2024

Capital Expenditure Dynamics In Asean: Unveiling Determinants And The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Non-Financial Corporations, Solikin M. Juhro, Dhaha Praviandi Kuantan, Charvin Lim

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

This study investigates the intricate determinants influencing the capital expenditure behavior of Non-Financial Corporations (NFCs) in major ASEAN countries over the past decade. Employing a fixed effect panel analysis encompassing 1,488 NFCs in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines, our study unveils a robust and statistically significant relationship between corporate financial performance and capital expenditure. Notably, indicators such as profitability, market value, and cash flow rate demonstrate a positive association with heightened capital expenditure. Furthermore, macroeconomic conditions and policy-related variables emerge as influential factors affecting capital expenditure decisions. Stringent financial conditions tend to hamper firm investment decisions, whilst interest rate …


[Discussions] Vol. 19 Iss. 1 Mar 2024

[Discussions] Vol. 19 Iss. 1

Discussions

This issue of Discussions was published for the Spring 2023 cycle.


U.S. Public Equity Esg Fund Composite And Parnassus Core Equity Fund: Performance And Factor Attribution, Karthik Nemani, Barrett Buhler Mar 2024

U.S. Public Equity Esg Fund Composite And Parnassus Core Equity Fund: Performance And Factor Attribution, Karthik Nemani, Barrett Buhler

Discussions

This is the first paper to examine all U.S. public equity Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) funds offered by the Forum for Sustainable and Responsible Investment’s (SIF) institutional member firms from 2005 to 2020. For ease of communication, this will be called the ESG Composite. With a Net Asset Value (NAV) over $150 billion, these funds comprise nearly half of the U.S. public equity ESG investment landscape. The article finds that the ESG Composite maintains performance with the Standard and Poor’s (S&P) 500 total return index on an overall returns basis with lower volatility, indicating greater risk-adjusted returns. Factor analysis …


Institutions And Corporate Tax Evasion: A Review Of The Literature And A Methodological Exploration, Kiridaran Kanagaretnam, Jimmy Lee, Chee Yeow Lim, Gerald J. Lobo Mar 2024

Institutions And Corporate Tax Evasion: A Review Of The Literature And A Methodological Exploration, Kiridaran Kanagaretnam, Jimmy Lee, Chee Yeow Lim, Gerald J. Lobo

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We first review the recent research published in JIAR on the influence of international institutions on accounting practices and follow it with a discussion of the literature studying the influence of institutions on tax avoidance and tax evasion. We then explore a new methodological approach that draws on the theory of institutional hierarchy proposed by Williamson (2000) and examine the relative importance of three broad types of institutions (informal, formal and media) in curtailing perceived tax evasion activities. We contribute to the international accounting literature by summarizing the recent research that addresses tax avoidance and tax evasion and providing preliminary …


Segment Disaggregation And Equity-Based Pay Contracts, Young Jun Cho, Hojun Seo Mar 2024

Segment Disaggregation And Equity-Based Pay Contracts, Young Jun Cho, Hojun Seo

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We study the role of segment disaggregation in equity-based pay contracts in diversified firms. Disaggregated segment disclosures can improve the observability of managerial actions in internal capital markets and thus increase implicit incentives for managers to allocate resources as desired by shareholders, substituting for explicit incentives provided to CEOs. We use the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131 as an identification strategy and find that firms affected by this segment reporting mandate significantly decreased the provision of equity-based incentives in the post-adoption period, especially for firms with higher operating volatilities. This effect is also more pronounced for …


Valuing Circularity: Sustainable Finance With Real Options Methodology, Mostafa Alloub Feb 2024

Valuing Circularity: Sustainable Finance With Real Options Methodology, Mostafa Alloub

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents an enhanced framework for valuing circular investments based on the Value Hill model using real options analysis. We propose a new flexible numerical methodology for valuing circularity using the Least Squares Monte Carlo simulation (LSMC) method of Longstaff and Schwartz (2001). The Value Hill model of circularity represents the course followed by the value of an asset, specifically after primary use. To validate the efficiency of our model, we conduct an empirical study on the smartphone business using the case of Apple. Results of our empirical analysis show that investing in circularity enhances financial value. Our model …


Retail Investors And Corporate Governance: Evidence From Zero-Commission Trading, Dhruv Aggarwal, Albert H. Choi, Yoon-Ho Alex Lee Feb 2024

Retail Investors And Corporate Governance: Evidence From Zero-Commission Trading, Dhruv Aggarwal, Albert H. Choi, Yoon-Ho Alex Lee

Law & Economics Working Papers

We examine the effects of the sudden abolition of trading commissions by major online brokerages in 2019, which lowered stock market entry costs for retail investors, on corporate governance. Firms already popular with retail investors experienced positive abnormal returns around the abolition of commissions. Firms with positive abnormal returns in response to commission-free trading subsequently saw a decrease in institutional ownership, a decrease in shareholder voting, and a deterioration in environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) metrics. Finally, these firms were more likely to adopt bylaw amendments to reduce the percentage of shares needed for a quorum at shareholder meetings. …


Firm Reaction To Geopolitical Crises: Evidence From The Russia-Ukraine Conflict, Asif Ui Alam, Erik Devos, Zifeng Feng Jan 2024

Firm Reaction To Geopolitical Crises: Evidence From The Russia-Ukraine Conflict, Asif Ui Alam, Erik Devos, Zifeng Feng

Hunt Institute Working Paper Series

This paper investigates corporate announcements related to the Russia-Ukraine conflict of S&P 500 firms. We observe that firms withdrawing from Russia or suspending operations possess higher cash levels. Additionally, firms with more cash seem to announce withdrawals or suspensions more promptly. These findings suggest that cash levels are pivotal in how firms respond to geopolitical events. While cash does not seem influential when firms announce donations due to the conflict, it does affect the speed of such announcements. Social media also appear to play a significant role. Examining investor reactions to donation or withdrawal/suspension announcements, we report negative returns surrounding …


Factores Que Dificultan La Rentabilidad Y Estabilidad Financiera De Las Pymes Del Sector Mobiliario En Bogotá, Duván Norberto Contreras Solaque, Ruddy Lorena Guevara Méndez Jan 2024

Factores Que Dificultan La Rentabilidad Y Estabilidad Financiera De Las Pymes Del Sector Mobiliario En Bogotá, Duván Norberto Contreras Solaque, Ruddy Lorena Guevara Méndez

Maestría en Finanzas

Desde la literatura se identifican elementos que dificultan el normal funcionamiento de las Pymes como: falta de planeación estratégica, escasa profesionalización del talento humano, crisis económicas a nivel nacional e internacional, dificultad de acceso al sistema financiero, entre otros; lo anterior no les permite tener estabilidad y generar rentabilidad en el mercado. Por estas razones, el propósito de la presente investigación es analizar los factores que determinan la rentabilidad y la estabilidad financiera de las pymes del sector de fabricación de muebles especializado en el mobiliario institucional y de oficinas en Bogotá. La metodología está soportada desde una visión pragmática …


Unions’ Impact On Firms’ Financial Decision Making: A Look At Right-To-Work Laws And Their Impact On Firms’ Leverage Decisions, Rachana Muvvala Jan 2024

Unions’ Impact On Firms’ Financial Decision Making: A Look At Right-To-Work Laws And Their Impact On Firms’ Leverage Decisions, Rachana Muvvala

CMC Senior Theses

I study the impact of unions on firms’ financial decision making by exploring their capital structure, specifically leverage. I test two opposing hypotheses to understand the relationship between unions and firms’ leverage: (1) the bargaining hypothesis which suggests that firms use higher leverage as a bargaining device with unions, and (2) the crowding-out hypothesis which suggests that firms have lower leverage because unions crowd out their debt capacity due to their perceived riskiness. Focusing on the 2007 to 2022 period, I examine right-to-work (RTW) laws, since they are exogenous shocks that decrease union power in five different states. Then, I …


Market Reaction Test On Banks & Brokers Based On Bitcoin Price History. A Look At National Commercial Banks And Security Broker, Exchanges, And Service Stocks Following The Most Volatile Swings In Bitcoin’S Price., Payton Earl Jan 2024

Market Reaction Test On Banks & Brokers Based On Bitcoin Price History. A Look At National Commercial Banks And Security Broker, Exchanges, And Service Stocks Following The Most Volatile Swings In Bitcoin’S Price., Payton Earl

CMC Senior Theses

This paper examines if there is an inverse correlation between Bitcoin’s most volatile price swings and national commercial banks and security brokers, exchanges and service companies performance. Company performance in the dataset is measured by Cumulative Abnormal Returns during 2021 within a two-day period where Bitcoin has had the most significant uptick and downtick events. Using a market-adjusted model for my regression, it is concluded that Bitcoin’s largest uptick event did indeed have an inversely negative effect on traditional banks and trading securities companies, as the Cumulative Abnormal Returns were negative for my 107 observations and the event was statistically …


Common Ownership And Analyst Forecasts, Qiang Cheng, Shuqing Luo, Jinping Zhang Jan 2024

Common Ownership And Analyst Forecasts, Qiang Cheng, Shuqing Luo, Jinping Zhang

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We examine the effect of the common ownership relation between brokerage houses and the firms covered by their analysts (referred to as co-owned brokerage houses, co-owned firms, and connected analysts, respectively) on analyst forecast performance. Common ownership can help the connected analysts have better access to co-owned firms, leading to higher-quality analyst research. However, common owners have incentives for higher valuation of the co-owned firms and thus can exert pressure on the connected analysts to issue optimistically biased research reports for these firms. We find that common ownership improves analyst forecast accuracy. This result is robust to a difference-in-differences design …


Initial Financial Assessment Of The Fraport Greece Cluster A Concession, Dimitrios V. Siskos, Alexander Maravas, Ronald Mau Jan 2024

Initial Financial Assessment Of The Fraport Greece Cluster A Concession, Dimitrios V. Siskos, Alexander Maravas, Ronald Mau

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

There is a worldwide trend in the privatization of transport infrastructure and airports. Likewise, the Greek government launched an extensive privatization program that granted Fraport AG the right to operate 14 airports for the next forty years. The two separate concessions for clusters of seven airports each are named "Cluster A" and "Cluster B." The financial assessment of privatization contracts is crucial so decision-makers can accurately assess the value of aviation enterprises. This paper applies the Economic Value Added (EVA) methodology and enterprise valuation on Cluster A by assessing the concession company's balance sheets and income statements. We concluded that …


Análisis Comparativo De La Solvencia Empresarial Entre Startups Unicornio Y Empresas Medianas Tradicionales En Colombia, Cristian Camillo Amaya Osorio, Yesenia Andrea Álvarez Duarte Jan 2024

Análisis Comparativo De La Solvencia Empresarial Entre Startups Unicornio Y Empresas Medianas Tradicionales En Colombia, Cristian Camillo Amaya Osorio, Yesenia Andrea Álvarez Duarte

Maestría en Finanzas

El surgimiento de las startups, empresas de nueva creación las cuales, gracias a su modelo de negocio escalable y al uso de las nuevas tecnologías, han llegado a 1.327 startups para el año 2022 en Colombia (Colombia Tech Report 2022), sin embargo, las startups unicornios colombianas (aquellas valorizadas en más de un millón de dólares) han enfrentado dificultades financieras debido a la inestabilidad política y económica mundial, lo que ha llevado a despidos masivos y cierres de operaciones en otros países. Por lo tanto, esta investigación se centra en comparar la solvencia empresarial de las startups unicornios en Colombia con …


Modelo De Valoración Financiera Para Coomeva Medicina Prepagada S.A., Angela María Suárez Galvis Jan 2024

Modelo De Valoración Financiera Para Coomeva Medicina Prepagada S.A., Angela María Suárez Galvis

Maestría en Finanzas

Las empresas de Medicina Prepagada han adquirido relevancia en los últimos años debido a las dificultades inherentes al sistema de salud, en relación con la prestación de servicios de calidad y oportunidad en la atención. Resulta relevante realizar el ejercicio de valoración financiera, el cual funge como un indicador clave para tomar decisiones sobre si se debe continuar con una línea o modelo de negocio; adicional a ello, expone factores que impactan su valor financiero. El objetivo de este proyecto de investigación es determinar el valor financiero para Coomeva Medicina Prepagada S.A; para esto, encuentra que los modelos de flujos …


Expanding Mfw: Delaware Law Should Offer A Business Judgment Rule Safe Harbor For All Conflicted Controller Transactions, Alex Lindsey Dec 2023

Expanding Mfw: Delaware Law Should Offer A Business Judgment Rule Safe Harbor For All Conflicted Controller Transactions, Alex Lindsey

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

While courts usually defer to a board’s business decisions under the business judgment rule, courts will apply a much less deferential standard of review due to loyalty concerns if a conflicted controller is involved in a business decision such as a merger. However, in Kahn v. M & F Worldwide (“MFW”) when a squeeze out merger was challenged by a minority stockholder, the Delaware Supreme Court reviewed the transaction under the deferential business judgment rule standard because the Court found that the structure of the transaction neutralized the controller loyalty concerns. Building on this reasoning, the Court developed a checklist …


Pricing Corporate Governance, Albert Choi Dec 2023

Pricing Corporate Governance, Albert Choi

Articles

Scholars and practitioners have long theorized that by penalizing firms with unattractive governance features, the stock market incentivizes firms to adopt the optimal governance structure at their initial public offerings (IPOs). This theory, however, does not seem to match with practice. Not only do many IPO firms offer putatively suboptimal governance arrangements, such as staggered boards and dual-class structures, but these arrangements have been gaining popularity among IPO firms. This Article argues that the IPO market is unlikely to provide the necessary discipline to incentivize companies to adopt the optimal governance package. In particular, when the optimal governance package differs …


Corporate Finance, Kenneth S. Bigel Dec 2023

Corporate Finance, Kenneth S. Bigel

Open Touro Created

Corporate Finance is a comprehensive guide covering the three fundamental topics in Corporate Finance, including Capital Budgeting under Certainty, Capital Structure Theory, and Short-term Financial Management and Operating Leverage. In-depth explanations of topics and terms are provided as well as key illustration in the manner of problem sets and solutions, tables, and diagrams. Review problems are also included so that students can conduct self-assessments. This text will be continually updated in order to provide novel information and enhance students’ experiences.


Spacs And The Macroeconomy: An Empirical Examination Of Real Interest Rates' Impact On Spacs, Ryan A. Jacobs Dec 2023

Spacs And The Macroeconomy: An Empirical Examination Of Real Interest Rates' Impact On Spacs, Ryan A. Jacobs

Doctoral Dissertations (DBA)

Special Purpose acquisition companies (SPACs) are an alternative way private entities enter public markets through reverse merger of a publicly listed pool of capital. Price discovery is more transparent than the traditional IPO process, as valuations are negotiated between the SPAC Sponsor and the firm’s management team before shareholders approve through a shareholder vote. I conducted an OLS regression test for a relationship between SPAC activity, using capital invested in SPAC IPOs as a proxy, and various macroeconomic variables. I did not find evidence of a linear relationship. I examined the impact of the real interest rates on monthly pre-merger …


Female Ceos And Investment Efficiency In The Vietnamese Market, Jun Myung Song, Chune Young Chung Dec 2023

Female Ceos And Investment Efficiency In The Vietnamese Market, Jun Myung Song, Chune Young Chung

Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics

This paper proposes female CEOs’ overconfidence and risky behavior stem from gender stereotype threats. Using two subsamples from Vietnam—firms in the Northern and Southern regions—we empirically show that female CEOs in the North, where there is less gender stereotyping, tend to overinvest relative to male CEOs. However, in the South, they are indifferent. Additional analysis reinforces the main finding that female CEOs in the North tend to take more risks even when dealing with market volatility and uncertainty (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic). Such risky behaviors do not deteriorate firm value but, instead, possibly improve firm performance.


Esg Scores Impact On U.S. Insurance Companies’ Financial Performance, Franceska Xhafa Dec 2023

Esg Scores Impact On U.S. Insurance Companies’ Financial Performance, Franceska Xhafa

Doctoral Dissertations (DBA)

This paper examines the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores on U.S. insurance companies' financial performance and is among the first to do so. The existing literature has sundry conclusions on whether there is any impact; this study intends to add to the existing literature to elucidate an answer. In this study, the financial ratio, net profit margin, is used as the dependent variable. The ESG score, governance score, and governance metrics such as the number of independent directors on the audit committee, size of the compensation committee, board size, and the number of executives are used as …


How Commonality Persists? (Through Investors' Sentiment And Attention), Chyng Wen Tee, Raja Velu, Zhaoque Zhou Dec 2023

How Commonality Persists? (Through Investors' Sentiment And Attention), Chyng Wen Tee, Raja Velu, Zhaoque Zhou

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Studies on commonality generally attribute the variation in asset returns to the variation in order flows. In this research study, we show that order flows do not predict asset returns, rather their relationship have been static over time. Thus we model both returns and the order flows as endogenous variables, and use investors' sentiment and attention as exogenous factors via a reduced-rank regression. We provide empirical evidence to demonstrate that cross-sectional commonality in attention (sentiment) is linearly (nonlinearly) associated with both returns and order flows at the intraday level, while the sentiment and attention measures themselvesexhibit a nonlinear mutual relationship, …


Does Corruption Matter On Corporate Payouts In The Covid Era?, Hasan Tekin Nov 2023

Does Corruption Matter On Corporate Payouts In The Covid Era?, Hasan Tekin

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

This article investigates how corruption (COR) and the COVID-19 (COV) pandemic affect corporate payout decisions. The sample contains 13,865 firm-years over 2012-2020 and 1,950 firms from 18 Muslim countries. Empirical findings show that neither COR nor COV drives dividends (DIV) and repurchases (REP). However, COV x COR negatively and significantly influences DIV. Namely, firms in highly corrupted Muslim countries have higher DIV during the pandemic–the picture changes in the COVID era. Particularly, firms in higher corrupt countries have higher DIV, which aligns with the substitute model of agency costs, but COR does not affect REP in the pandemic …


Analysis Of Us Airline Stocks Performance Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (Lda), Amina Issoufou Anaroua Nov 2023

Analysis Of Us Airline Stocks Performance Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (Lda), Amina Issoufou Anaroua

Beyond: Undergraduate Research Journal

Various events, such as changes in the interest rate or the hijacking of a commercial aircraft, can lead to significant shifts in airline stock performance. This study aimed to measure the impact of aviation-related news announcements on the stock performance of US airlines, focusing on different topics. The dataset included aviation news covering airlines, airports, regulations, safety, accidents, manufacturers, MRO, incidents, aviation training, general aviation, and others obtained from Aviation Voice. To uncover patterns that could explain the movements of US airline stocks, a natural language processing technique called Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) was employed. The process involved text mining …


Leadership Behaviors, Practices, And Sytles In Mergers And Acquisitions In The U.S. Technology-Based Organizations: A Qualitative Study, Susan E. Glover Nov 2023

Leadership Behaviors, Practices, And Sytles In Mergers And Acquisitions In The U.S. Technology-Based Organizations: A Qualitative Study, Susan E. Glover

Human Resource Development Theses and Dissertations

Leaders guide and shape the success of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) to meet an organization’s goals and objectives. In this study, I explored the role of leadership during M&A and the effect of different leadership behaviors, practices, and styles (BPS) on different organizational cultures during M&A. This study explored the contribution of leadership BPS on M&A outcomes within an organization with a robust and innovative culture. I focused on the human capital investment strategies of M&A integration concerning different leadership BPS utilized to improve the success rate of M&A goals and objectives. I concentrated on technology-based organizations because they are …


Informativeness Of Key Audit Matters: Evidence From China, Beng Wee Goh, Kiat Bee Jimmy Lee, Dan Li, Muzhi Wang Nov 2023

Informativeness Of Key Audit Matters: Evidence From China, Beng Wee Goh, Kiat Bee Jimmy Lee, Dan Li, Muzhi Wang

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

This study examines whether the key audit matters (KAMs) disclosed in expanded audit reports as a part of recent regulatory reforms are informative for investors in an emerging economy setting. Using the recent adoption of expanded audit reports for firms listed exclusively in Mainland China, we find robust evidence that the abnormal trading volume and earnings response coefficients (ERCs) are higher and that stock price synchronicity is lower during the postadoption than preadoption period. In additional tests, we find evidence that KAMs are more informative for non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs), smaller firms, and firms with a smaller analyst following. Finally, we …