Anatomy Commons^™

The Influence Of Respiratory Muscle Training On Exercise Endurance 2013, Justin Vanderbeck

Master's Theses

Exercise endurance in multiple populations has been shown to increase after bouts of respiratory muscle training (RMT) (Bailey, Romer, Kelly, Wilkerson, Dimenna & Jones, 2010; Brown, Sharpe, Graham & Johnson, 2008; Griffiths & McConnell, 2007; Kilding, Brown & McConnell, 2007; Laoutaris et al., 2012; Markov, Spengler, Stuessi, Boutellier & Knöpfli-Lenzin, 2001; Spengler & Boutellier, 2000; Stuessi, Spengler, Knöpfli-Lenzin, Markov & Boutellier, 2001; Volianitis et al., 2000). The use of resistance via respiratory muscle strength training (RMST) has been shown to produce greater increases in endurance than with no resistance, but the method of RMST that produces the greatest increases in …

Myelin Is Not Required For Maintenance Of The Axon Initial Segment, Anna Josephson

Theses and Dissertations

Axonal pathology is a major contributor to impaired motor, sensory and cognitive dysfunction associated with multiple sclerosis particularly with the progressive forms of the disease. However, the early pathologic events responsible for axonal deterioration remain unclear. It is well recognized that maintaining proper axonal function is intimately related to proper establishment and maintenance of axonal domains such as the node of Ranvier and the axon initial segment (AIS). Numerous laboratories, including ours, have investigated the mechanisms that regulate node of Ranvier formation and maintenance. These studies have shown that node of Ranvier formation and maintenance require myelin contact. Interestingly, many …

The Effect Of Skeletal Muscle Mass On Basal Metabolic Rate In College-Age Males 2013, Chase Vaughn

Master's Theses

There are many misconceptions within the fitness community. One such misconception is that an increase in muscle mass will have a large increase in basal metabolic rate, yet this may not be the best way for successful weight loss. The purpose of this study was to determine the strength of the correlation between skeletal muscle mass and basal metabolic rate. The hypothesis tested was that basal metabolic rate is strongly correlated with skeletal muscle mass. The participants were college-aged males (n =17). Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was estimated using the skin-fold circumference model (SFCM): SMM (kg) = Ht (0.00744 CAG2 …

State-By-State Variation In Emergency Versus Elective Colon Resections: Room For Improvement., Augustine C. Obirieze, Mehreen Kisat, Caitlin W. Hicks, Tolulope A. Oyetunji, Eric B. Schneider, Darrell J. Gaskin, Elliott R. Haut, David T. Efron, Edward E. Cornwell, Adil H. Haider

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Compared with elective surgical procedures, emergency procedures are associated with higher cost, morbidity, and mortality. This study seeks to investigate potential state-by-state variations in the incidence of emergent versus elective colon resections.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all adult patients (aged ≥18 years) included in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2005 to 2009 who underwent hemicolectomy (right or left) or sigmoidectomy was conducted. Discharge-level weights were applied, and generalized linear models were used to assess the odds of a patient undergoing emergent versus elective colon surgery nationally and for each state after adjusting for patient and hospital factors. Odds …

Effects Of Cervical Spine Manipulation On Balance And Joint Proprioception In Asymptomatic Individuals: Plausibility And Pilot Study, Kimberly Drayer, Michael Kauwe

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Background: Balance issues are prevalent in all ages of the population and can lead to many debilitating secondary impairments. There are various methods for treating balance problems, one of which is cervical spine manipulation (CSM). It seems to be biologically plausible that CSM would be an effective intervention, as it elicits effects in the same systems that are impaired in people with balance issues: vestibular, visual, and somatosensory.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the immediate differences in balance and proprioception following a CSM in asymptomatic subjects.

Design: An experimental, cross-over study design was used

Methods: …

Assessing Tissue Characterization Of Abdominal Organs Using Fuzzy C-Means Cluster Analysis Of Color- Fusion Mr Images, Terrance D. Weeden, H. Keith Brown

Terrance Weeden

Effects Of Short-Term Minocycline Treatments On Inflammatory Cell Response In The Acute Stage Following Tbi, Henna Ayub

Theses and Dissertations

Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), neuroinflammation contributes to the secondary injury. Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), and when activated can exert either protective or detrimental effects on surrounding tissue. They are often segregated into subpopulations based on their type of activation, either pro- inflammatory (M1, classically activated), or anti-inflammatory (M2, alternatively activated). Minocycline, an anti-inflammatory drug, is known to be neuroprotective and to have effect on microglia. However, the effect of minocycline on subpopulations of inflammatory cells in the acute stage following injury is unclear. It is also unclear whether minocycline has a …

A Home-Based Exercise Program For The Foot And Ankle To Improve Balance, Muscle Performance And Flexibility In Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Pilot Study, Laurel Long, Kurt Jackson, Lloyd L. Laubach

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Background and purpose: Strength and range of motion of the foot and ankle have been shown to be related to measures of balance and fall risk in older adults. The primary purpose of this pilot investigation was to evaluate the feasibility of a 6-week home-based exercise program focusing on the foot and ankle and any associated changes in balance, muscle performance and range of motion in older adults. Methods: This single-group repeated measures study involved a convenience sample of 21 healthy communitydwelling older adults age 60-90. Nineteen participants completed all phases of the testing and training. The intervention was a …

Flash4 Dark Reference Images, George Mcnamara

George McNamara

Hamamatsu FLASH4.0 dark reference images, acquired with 10 second exposure times, no light to camera. Camera offset (set by Hamamatsu( is ~100 (the average intensity of the first image is always ~1 intensity level higher - an odd feature, but trivial in practice for a 16-bit camera).

George McNamara, Ph.D.

Single Cells Analyst at L.J.N. Cooper Lab

University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Cardiovascular Risk Factors Prevalent Among Filipino-Americans: A Cross-Sectional Study, Alona Angosta

Interdisciplinary Research Scholarship Day

Filipino Americans are the 2nd largest Asian subgroup in the United States and their leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite this, little is known about their prevalence of CVD risk factors. This study revealed that many Filipino Americans living in Clark County, Nevada are at risk of heart disease because of the presence of CVD risk factors. Intensive lifestyle modification and treatment are recommended to help decrease the prevalence of heart disease in this group and improve their overall health outcomes. Nurses and nurse practitioners are in excellent position to educate their Filipino American clients regarding heart …

Self-Management And Self-Management Support On Chronic Low Back Patients In Primary Care, Jennifer Kawi

Interdisciplinary Research Scholarship Day

• Chronic low back pain (CLBP) afflicts 28.5% of adults costing $100-200 billion dollars.
• In response, the Institute of Medicine (2011) strongly recommended self-management (SM) to engage patients to care for themselves adequately.
• Healthcare professionals are also urged to provide effective self-management support (SMS) to empower patient’s ability to self-manage.
• SM and SMS have shown success in improving other chronic disease outcomes; current knowledge base are insufficient in non-malignant CLBP

Gender Differences In Frontal Plane Lower Extremity Kinetic Variability During Landing, Andrew Nordin

Interdisciplinary Research Scholarship Day

Investigations of human movement variability have been used as a
means of exploring neuromotor functioning, where performance variability is
thought to provide the system with flexibility and a mechanism for adaptation to
movement repetition [1,2,4,6]. Operationally, variability has been considered to
fall within optimal limits (Figure 1), while excessively high or low variability has
been implicated in injury susceptibility [1,2,4,6]. Landing has been explored
due to a high incidence of injury in athletic performance, as well as the ability
to easily control task demands through increases in landing height [3,4].
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate changes in …

Interactive Video Gaming Maintains Vo2 & Hr At Current Recommended Exercise Intensities For Cardiovascular Fitness, Michael Jarrett, Shaelee Allen, Jacob E. Barkley, Janet Dufek, Paul Hafen, Krystina Moschella, James Navalta, Robert Rietjens, Richard Tandy, Antonio Santo

Interdisciplinary Research Scholarship Day

The purpose of this study was to determine the energy cost of playing select games on the Nintendo Wii for 30 contiguous minutes and whether or not the physical interaction of the participant with the gaming system and subsequent physiologic intensity diminishes with playing time.

Effects Of Footstrike On Low Back Posture, Shock Attenuation, And Comfort In Running, Traci L. Delgado, Emilia Kubera-Shelton, Robert R. Robb, Robbin Hickman, Harvey Wallmann, Janet Dufek

Interdisciplinary Research Scholarship Day

To determine if a change from rearfoot strike (RFS) to forefoot strike (FFS) would change lumbar lordosis, influence shock attenuation, or change comfort levels in healthy recreational/experienced runners.

Immediate Effects Of Neurodynamic Versus Muscle Stretching On Hamstring Flexibility In Subjects With Short Hamstring Syndrome, Yolanda Castellote-Caballero, Marie C. Valenza, Louie Puentedura, Cesar Fernandez-De-Las-Penas, Francisco Albuquerque-Sendin

Interdisciplinary Research Scholarship Day

To compare the effectiveness of an isolated neurodynamic sciatic sliding technique (Neurodynamic group) versus static stretching (Stretching group) in comparison to a Control group receiving a placebo intervention.

Pilot Study Of Cyp2b6 Genetic Variation To Explore The Contribution Of Nitrosamine Activation To Lung Carcinogenesis, Catherine Wassenaar, Qiong Dong, Christopher Amos, Margaret Spitz, Rachel F. Tyndale

Dartmouth Scholarship

We explored the contribution of nitrosamine metabolism to lung cancer in a pilot investigation of genetic variation in CYP2B6, a high-affinity enzymatic activator of tobacco-specific nitrosamines with a negligible role in nicotine metabolism. Previously we found that variation in CYP2A6 and CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 combined to increase lung cancer risk in a case-control study in European American ever-smokers (n = 860). However, these genes are involved in the pharmacology of both nicotine, through which they alter smoking behaviours, and carcinogenic nitrosamines. Herein, we separated participants by CYP2B6 genotype into a high- vs. low-risk group (*1/*1 + *1/*6 vs. *6/*6). Odds ratios estimated …

Conserved Structural Domains In Foxd4l1, A Neural Forkhead Box Transcription Factor, Are Required To Repress Or Activate Target Genes, Steven L. Klein, Karen M. Neilson, John Orban, Sergey Yaklichkin, Jennifer Hoffbauer, Kathy Mood, Ira O. Daar, Sally Ann Moody

Anatomy and Regenerative Biology Faculty Publications

FoxD4L1 is a forkhead transcription factor that expands the neural ectoderm by down-regulating genes that promote the onset of neural differentiation and up-regulating genes that maintain proliferative neural precursors in an immature state. We previously demonstrated that binding of Grg4 to an Eh-1 motif enhances the ability of FoxD4L1 to down-regulate target neural genes but does not account for all of its repressive activity. Herein we analyzed the protein sequence for additional interaction motifs and secondary structure. Eight conserved motifs were identified in the C-terminal region of fish and frog proteins. Extending the analysis to mammals identified a high scoring …

Applying Principles Of Motor Learning And Control To Upper Extremity Rehabilitation, Lisa M. Muratori, Eric M. Lamberg, Lori Quinn, Susan V. Duff

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

The purpose of this article is to provide a brief review of the principles of motor control and learning. Different models of motor control from historical to contemporary are presented with emphasis on the Systems model. Concepts of motor learning including skill acquisition, measurement of learning, and methods to promote skill acquisition by examining the many facets of practice scheduling and use of feedback are provided. A fictional client case is introduced and threaded throughout the article to facilitate understanding of these concepts and how they can be applied to clinical practice.

Concordance Of Meg And Fmri Patterns In Adolescents During Verb Generation, Yingying Wang, Scott K. Holland, Jennifer Vannest

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty and Staff Publications

In this study we focused on direct comparison between the spatial distributions of activation detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and localization of sources detected by magnetoencephalography (MEG) during identical language tasks. We examined the spatial concordance between MEG and fMRI results in 16 adolescents performing a three-phase verb generation task that involves repeating the auditorily presented concrete noun and generating verbs either overtly or covertly in response to the auditorily presented noun. MEG analysis was completed using a synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM) technique, while the fMRI data were analyzed using the general linear model approach with random-effects. To …

The Effects Of Mindfulness Meditation On Rumination In Depressed People, Rachel A. Sluder

Honors Theses and Capstones

Mindfulness meditation is a practice of focus, awareness, and non-judgmental acceptance of one's thoughts (Deyo et al., 2009; Kenny et al., 2007). Rumination is a maladaptive pattern of thought that is common in people with depression and other mood disorders. It can lead to further episodes of depression, and can be very destructive in that way (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2008). This paper reviews several studies on mindfulness meditation, depression, and rumination, with a focus on certain areas and phenomena such as alpha asymmetry (Keune et al 2013) and gamma band activity (Berkovich-Ohana et al., 2012). Modalities such as fMRI and EEG are …