Sports Studies Commons^™

A Primer On The Income Tax Consequences Of The Ncaa’S Name, Image And Likeness (Nil) Earnings For College Athletes, Marena M. Messina, Frank M. Messina

Journal of Athlete Development and Experience

NCAA domestic college athletes can now financially benefit from their name, image, and likeness (NIL). The purpose of this article is to “educate” athletes on the new NIL rules in financial literacy. With new NIL income flowing to athletes, federal income tax consequences of these transactions must be addressed. This article results in a detailed introduction to the applicable federal tax rules regarding NIL income for athletes to stay in compliance with those laws. From understanding NIL income, to how the tax formula works, what tax forms apply, and what taxes may be due, this article provides a comprehensive toolkit …

High Performance Judoka’S Views On Their Athlete Journey And The Need For Athlete Education, Katrina Mcdonald, Anna Stodter, Mathew Dowling, Justin Roberts

Journal of Athlete Development and Experience

High-performance sport has been the subject of controversy and scandal, coming under heavy scrutiny within the broad issue of “Duty of Care” in terms of the welfare and holistic development of athletes. The United Kingdom has many different schemes and mechanisms that are available to athletes to support them in their development on their athlete journey. However, there is a lack of research exploring whether these schemes and mechanisms fulfill athlete needs and facilitate athlete development. Utilizing Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory method, twelve full-time, high-performance Judoka (Judo athletes) were intensively interviewed, exploring the experience of their journey as an athlete. …

A Survey Of The Mental Health Of Uk Olympic And Paralympic Sport Athletes., Sandra D. Leyland Dr, Alan Currie Prof, Elizabeth Board Dr, Amit D. Mistry Dr, Rod Jaques Dr, Craig Ranson Dr

Journal of Athlete Development and Experience

Abstract

This study examined the prevalence of psychological distress and well-being amongst elite athletes in the UK.

An online survey was emailed to 753 athletes within the English Institute of Sport. Response rate 52.3%. 371 participants (median age 25) completed measures of psychological distress and subjective well-being alongside demographics and sport-related variables.

High or very high psychological distress was reported by 23.7%. Poor subjective well-being was reported by 18.8%. Of those reporting psychological distress, 9% also reported good subjective well-being. The odds of psychological distress and poor well-being increased if the athlete was female (OR 2.03, distress; OR 2.00, poor …

"Do You Really See Us?":Black College Athlete Perceptions Of Inclusion At Di Historically White Institutions, Shannon Jolly, Jepkorir Rose Chepyator-Thomson

Journal of Athlete Development and Experience

While recent sport research has highlighted benefits of racial diversity on teams and in the workplace, few studies have examined how demographic composition is perceived by college athletes. Fewer have investigated how racially marginalized athletes experience the phenomena. Thus, the current study explores the intersection of race, gender, and athletic identity in Black college athletes at DI Historically White Institutions (HWIs), perceptions of inclusion, and its influence on sense of belonging. Employing critical race theory, two focus groups and six semi-structured interviews that incorporated vignettes were conducted with six current Black athletes at DI HWIs in the Southeastern U.S. Findings …

College Athletes’ Views On Academics: A Qualitative Assessment Of Perceptions Of Academic Success, Amanda M. Brouwer, John Johanson, Thomas Carlson

Journal of Athlete Development and Experience

The primary purpose of the current study was to give “voice” to college athletes regarding their views on academics. Given their perspectives, means of promoting their academic achievement were suggested. Research describing athletes’ experiences and the impact of socio-emotional stressors on academic success, especially for those not at a Division I school, is needed. Therefore, a qualitative study exploring the academic experiences of college athletes was conducted. Twelve focus groups of college athletes (N = 62) from six teams were held. Results revealed that college athletes are motivated to achieve by external factors and see grades as an external …

The Dunning-Kruger Effect On Free Throw Shooting, Abigail Schescke, Nicolas Veldhorst, Makayla De Young

Student Work

This study examines the Dunning-Kruger effect in regards to physical activity. Seventy-four participants with various levels of basketball experience were recruited from an undergraduate university. Participants were assigned to make predictions regarding the number of free throw shots they would make out of ten before or after warming up. Out of factors which affected participant predictions (gender, previous experience, warm up group), gender was found to have a significant relationship with predictive error score. Additionally, underconfidence from top-performing participants and overconfidence from bottom-performing participants indicates the presence of the Dunning-Kruger effect in physical tasks.

External Load In Male Professional Volleyball: A Systematic Review, Marcel Frezza Pisa, Arthur Marques Zecchin, Leonardo Gaspar Gomes, Enrico Fuini Puggina

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction. The objectives of this systematic review were to identify the volleyball external loads values in the literature and to verify the applicability of different means of quantification and monitoring of these variables during training sessions and matches. Material and methods: This systematic review was produced following the PRISMA statement recommendations, and the search for publications was carried out in the databases PubMed/NCBI, SportDiscus via EBSCOhost, SciELO. 12 studies meet the criteria and were included in this review. Results: The most used tool for quantification, monitoring and evaluation of external loads are video recording and manual or semi-automatic counting of …

An Assessment Of Isometric Muscle Strength And The Hamstring: Quadriceps Ratio Among Males Trained With Free Weights Vs. Machines, Geferson Honorato Da Silva, Alex Souto Maior

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to assess the isometric muscle strength (IMS) of the knee extensors and flexors, bilateral asymmetry (BA) and the hamstring: quadriceps ratio (H:Q ratio) between the dominant leg (DL) vs. the non-dominant leg (NDL) of males trained with free-weights vs. machines. Material and Methods: Thirty males were recruited and separated into two groups: Free-weights (n = 15) and Machines (n = 15) groups. All study participants performed the IMS testing for knee extensors and flexors in the DL and NDL using a commercially available load cell. The highest value obtained from the three trials …

Eeg Neurofeedback And Isolation Stressor. A Systematic Review, Kacper Gotner, Marcin Dornowski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction. One of the factors increasing the body's response to a stressful situation is isolation. The feeling of loneliness in isolation can be caused by biological, psychological or medical factors. Material and methods: This paper is a review of publications issued in 2009–2021, the most up-to-date in terms of information on the topic of stress and its links with EEG neurofeedback. Results: 5 publications on stress caused by isolation and the reaction of the human body in a stressful situation were selected. The papers were selected based on the use of EEG neurofeedback in reducing the body's stress reactions to …

Drive Leg Ground Reaction Forces And Rate Of Force Development Over Consecutive Windmill Softball Pitches, Erin R. Pletcher, Kenzie B. Friesen, Gretchen D. Oliver, Mita Lovalekar, Keith Gorse, Takashi Nagai, Chris Connaboy

Department of Exercise Science Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Windmill softball pitching is a highly skilled movement, combining whole body coordination with explosive force. Successful pitching requires sequential movement to transfer energy produced by the lower extremity to the pitching arm. Therefore, drive leg ground reaction force (GRF) and the time over which a pitcher can develop force during push off, defined as rate of force development (RFD), is essential for optimal performance. The aim of this study was to examine GRF and RFD in the drive leg during the windmill softball pitch, as well as pitch velocity, throughout a simulated game.

METHODS: Fourteen softball pitchers (17.9±2.3 years, …

The Contribution Of Anthropometric, Physical And Physiological Measurements To The Accuracy Of The Jump Shot Of The Palestinian Basketball Players Of The Premier League, Islam Abbas

Journal of the Arab American University مجلة الجامعة العربية الامريكية للبحوث

The purpose of this study was to identify the most anthropometric, physical and physiological measurements that contributed to the jump shot accuracy of Palestinian basketball players. The study was conducted on a random sample that consisted of (48) Palestinian Premier League basketball players. The anthropometric measurements included (age, height and weight); the physical measurements consisted of (vertical jump, flexibility, agility, 30-m sprint and pushing medical ball); the physiological measures included (anaerobic power, anaerobic capacity and Vo2max). The results of the study have revealed that there is a statistically significant relationship between the jump shot accuracy and all the other studied …

Incorporating Growth Mindsets To Attain Athletic And Academic Success., Michael E. Rutledge Ii

Journal of Research Initiatives

Higher education and intercollegiate athletics promote discovery processes that uncover boundaries of potentials in human development. The research associated with the academic progress of student athletes coincides with the general student population literature in the fact that student athletes also utilize effective study skills and achieve higher GPAs when implementing growth mindset (Joshi et al., 2022). The purpose of this study is to investigate the experiences of student athletes prior to college, through athletic careers, and through graduate school. Qualitative, ethnographic case study research methods rationalized the purpose of this study to advance theory, answer the research questions best, and …

Effect Of Post-Activation Potentiation On The Force, Power And Rate Of Power And Force Development Of The Upper Limbs In Mixed Martial Arts (Mma) Fighters, Taking Into Account Training Experience, Alan Langer, Angelina Ignatieva, Patricia Fischerova, Magdalena Nitychoruk, Artur Gołaś, Adam Maszczyk

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction. The aim of the study is to determine the optimal load for generating the highest value of force, power and the rate of power and force development (RFD and RPD) in the upper limb of mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters with the use of activation and explosive exercises. The training period of MMA players was included in the research. Material and Methods: Twenty-nine MMA fighters participated in the study and were divided into two groups depending on the length of their training period (under and over 5 years). The subjects did 2 ballistic push-ups before the study and after-wards …

The Effect Of Caffeine On Countermovement Jump Performance In Recreationally Trained Women Habituated To Caffeine, Dawid Gawel, Magdalena Kaszuba, Zuzanna Komarek, Robert Krawczyk, Marta Bichowska, Marcin Jasinski, Robert Trybulski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction. The main goal of this study was to examine the effect of acute intake of 3 mg/kg/body mass (b.m.) of caffeine (CAF) on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in recreationally trained women habituated to CAF. Material and Methods. 17 healthy recreationally trained women habitually using CAF participated in the study. The experiment followed randomized, cross-over, double-blind design under three different conditions: control test (CONT) or consumed placebo (PLAC) or consumed 3 mg/kg/b.m. of CAF (CAF-3). Each participant performed 2 sets of 2 CMJ. The following variables were recorded: concentric peak velocity (PV), peak power (PP) and jump height (JH). Results. …

Relationship Between Motor Skills And Various Sailing Skills And Sports Performance – Study Using The Dematel Approach, Jedrzej Charlampowicz

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction. The purpose of this paper is to determine the mutual relation between various motor abilities and factors of sailing performance. Material and methods: 25 sailors from the Polish national team in sailing Olympic classes were asked to fill a questionnaire concerning the influence of various motor abilities and sailing performance factors on the result. In total, 5 sailors participated in the study by returning properly filled questionnaires. To determine the relationship between the motor abilities and sailing performance factors, the DEMATEL method has been utilized. Results: In terms of motor abilities, mobility is the most significant factor, and muscle …

Finding Stability Between Sports Ministry And Sports Ministry Management. A Church-Based Review., Jimmy Smith

Movement and Being: The Journal of the Christian Society for Kinesiology, Leisure and Sports Studies

The field of sports has multiple segments including youth, recreational, college, and professional sport. Research in these areas have produced an abundance of inquiries discussing several managerial function and capacity topics such as finance, marketing, organizational effectiveness, and leadership. While these topics have been applied to many segments of the sport world, the niche segment of sports ministry has not seen these applications. Sports ministers have challenges in that they manage all aspects of the sports programs they provide to the community, but they also supply the resources and support toward the ministry within these programs.

The current research fills …

Exploring Gender Identity In College Sports, Simone Cooper, Brandon Bernardi

Kean Quest

Awareness and research on gender and sexual identity has advanced significantly in the last decade. Within the sports context, increased understanding of diversity and inclusion has initiated conversations about the experiences of athletes as related to their gender identity. Facilitating inclusive, fair and equitable sport cultures is of utmost importance, and the role of one’s gender and sexual identity deserves further attention. While sports culture is often aggressive and competitive, it also provides athletes with a source of community, support and safety. In a context where masculinity thrives, female athletes and athletes who identify as gender and/or sexual minorities may …

Helmets Off: An Exploratory Investigation Into The Philanthropic Activity Of Black Nfl Players, Eugena Anderson

Dissertations

The term philanthropist typically conjures up images of older, wealthy White males. When taking account of a more diverse population, the term generosity provides a more inclusive framework to understanding the experiences of those marginalized from the study and practice of philanthropy. Using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach, this qualitative investigation explored one of several groups of individuals engaging in acts of generosity and brought the Black athlete experience into academic and philanthropic conversations. This research provided knowledge from real-life experiences of current and former Black NFL Players (BNPs) to inform various stakeholders who seek to support their activities. …

From Mission To Competition: The Experiences Of 10 Lds Missionary Student-Athletes Returning To Competition In The National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, Matthew J. Moore, Leslee A. Fisher, Lindsey A. Miossi, Zach T. Smith, Jacob C. Jensen,

Movement and Being: The Journal of the Christian Society for Kinesiology, Leisure and Sports Studies

The purpose of the current study was to explore the experiences of LDS missionary student-athletes returning to competition in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (DI). Using Consensual Qualitative Research methods (CQR; Hill, 2012) including a semi-structured interview guide, 10 DI student-athletes/returned LDS missionaries were interviewed regarding their experience (i.e., mean age of 25 years; baseball, cross-country/track and field, football, and swimming). A research team with five members constructed four domains and 16 categories representing DI student-athlete/returned LDS missionary chronological identity changes during this experience: (a) the development of an LDS missionary identity; (b) challenges associated with returning …

Factors Affecting The Special Endurance Of The Body Structure Of Football Players Aged 18-19 Years, Sirozhiddin Nuritdinovich Pulatov

Eurasian Journal of Sport Science

Purpose: To study the effect of changes in the body of players aged 18-19 on a special level of endurance at different stages of the annual cycle.

Methods: Pedagogical control, pedagogical testing, anthropology, mathematical and statistical methods were used in the experiment.

Results: One of the components of the player's performance is the structure of the body. The analysis showed the following: 12% of the players had a normal fat mass, and 16% of the players had an average level. In 72% of the players, the amount of fat mass significantly exceeded the norm. At the same time, the highest …